• 한국측량학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2022

최근 4차 산업혁명이 본격화되고 차세대 ICT 융합 기술이 개발됨에 따라 건설분야 역시 기술변화에 대응하기 위해 다양한 스마트 건설기술이 건설 단계별로 빠르게 도입되고 있다. 특히, 건설현장의 경우 부지설계를 위한 토공량 산출 공정이 설계비용에 큰 부분을 차지하고 있어 공정의 효율화와 정확한 토공량 산출을 위한 관련 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 건설현장의 지형을 3차원으로 신속하게 구축하고 이를 이용하여 효율적으로 토공량을 산출할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 무인비행체로부터 획득한 대축척의 항공사진을 이용하여 건설현장을 3차원 실사모델로 구축하였다. 이때, 구축한 3차원 실사모델은 체적 산출이 불가한 surface 모델 구조를 가짐에 따라 체적 산출이 가능하도록 3차원의 solid 모델로 구조 변환을 수행하였다. 그리고 변환된 solid 모델을 이용하여 CAD 기반으로 토공량을 산출할 수 있는 방법론을 구상하였다. 정립한 방법론을 적용한 solid 모델로부터 토공량을 자동 산출한 결과, 기존의 현황측량 결과로부터 산출한 토공량과 1.52%의 상대적 편차를 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 방법별 공정 소요시간을 비교분석한 결과 60%의 소요시간 절감을 확인할 수 있었다. 이로부터 본 연구에서 제시한 기법은 토공량 산출을 위한 비용절감은 물론 건설공사 전 공정에서 주기적인 현장의 모니터링 등 스마트 건설관리를 위한 기술로써 활용이 기대된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.141-157
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• 2008

Since 1984, block-type reinforced earth wall with geogrid reinforcement has been widely used for retaining wall applications till now in Korea. The use of geogrid as a reinforcement in the reinforced earth wall is steadily increased in an amount over $6,500,000m^2$ in a year. However, still need exists that some problems in design and construction practices should be made to review. Therefore, this paper reviewed current state and development items of geosynthetics-reinforced earth wall technology on design and construction point of view.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.473-480
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• 1999

This paper presents the results of a parametric study on the behavior of mechanically stabilized earth retaining wall. It has been recognized that the currently available design guidelines, which is base on the limit equilibrium approach, cannot properly account the interaction effect between the components, construction sequence, and foundation settlement which may impose a significant influence on the wall behavior. A parametric study using finite element analysis was performed to investigate the behavior of MSE wall under different construction conditions and the applicability of the current design approach. In the parametric analysis, the effects of the construction sequence, the surcharge, and the foundation stiffness were studied and a detailed finite element modeling for various components of the system were employed. The results, such as wall displacement and earth pressure distributions, reinforcement forces, vertical stress distribution were then thoroughly analyzed to investigate the effect of construction details on the wall behavior.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.169-174
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• 2003

Design of a rational earth volume conversion coefficient is required as the earth volume conversion coefficient may give great influence on construction work volume and construction costs in the civil engineering works where large-scaled earth volume is excavated. However, there are a great deal of difficulties in the calculation of the exact spoil surface earth and Insufficient earth volume by adopting the figures presented on the generally used design specifications which are not the results obtained from the selection tests in calculating the earth volume conversion coefficient. In this connection, it would be desirable to calculate the earth volume conversion coefficient by carrying out large-scaled site test adequate for the relevant environment. In consequence, this study aims at calculating the exact earth volume conversion coefficient of cutting and banking areas of weathering rocks in large-scaled construction sites where land is being developed into home lots. For this, we have excavated the respective 20 sites of the cutting and banking areas in the said site and then calculated the volume after the excavation. As a result, the relative exactness degree of the crossing was calculated at 0.5% in average. The relative exactness degree of 0.5% in the volume may be judged as an exact measurement as it corresponds to 0.17% of the relative exactness degree in the length measurement. We have calculated the exact earth volume conversion coefficient by the use of function ratio as per the wet unit weight and the indoor soil quality test as per volume calculated. And then we have found out minor differences as a result of the comparison and analysis with the earth volume conversion coefficient determined by the dry unit weight test as per sand replacement method. This may be judged as a rational design method for the calculation of earth volume conversion coefficient, as well as high reliability of site test as a precision photogrammetry is adopted for volume measurement of the irregular excavating areas.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제25_2집
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• pp.45-70
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• 2015

Master Jeungsan understood a general view of Pungsu but actually he used the theory of Pungsu in his own religious perspective, transcending it. The theory of Pungsu is different. But the fact that it is premised on the principle of 'in and yang', the five-element principle, the Book of Changes, energy thought, and To chugi piyung, etc. is generally recognized. The three important elements of Pungsu are mountain, water, and direction or man. Pungsu has formal principles such as Gallyongbeop, Jangpungbeop, Deuksubeop, Jeonghyeolbeop, Jwahyangbeop, and Hyeongukron. etc. In the late of Joseon, Jeungsan established a new traditional thought, understanding Bibopungsu, Gukdopungsu, Minganpungsu, etc. However, he reinterpreted them to be suitable to his religious ideal and let his followers understand them as well. In particular, Jeungsan overcame the previous view on earth and expressed a new perspective to enhance earth up to the level of heaven. In the perspective of the traditional world, earth is lower than heaven, but Jeungsan made it a status equal to heaven. He mentioned that in the past, the culture and history of man was influenced by earth's energy but today, at the age of man respect, he put passive man influenced by earth-condition on the more subjective and active status. Even though he mentioned different Pungsu, Hyeongguk, and Hyeolmyeong, he expressed the shape of Pungsu within the construction of three worlds, the one of heaven and earth transcending good or ill luck or a favorable change in fortune. He practised the expedient of Pungsu from the stand of the construction of heaven and earth instead of the usage of Bibopungsu, Gukdopungsu, and Minganpungsu. He diagnosed that the division of the world is caused by the one of earth and tried to solve it. Moreover, he said that Myeongdang(a propitious site) must be the man-orientation rather than the earth-orientation. It means that Pungsu, stressing the energy of earth and turning one's luck, is changing into the world of man-orientation. In other words, Jeungsan diagnosed the world of Pungsu but he ultimately used Pungsu theory in building up his own view of religious world transcending such a theory.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.879-896
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• 2016

A new earth pressure equation considering the arching effect in $c-{\phi}$ soils was proposed for the accurate calculation of earth pressure on circular vertical shafts. The arching effect and the subsequent load recovery phenomenon occurring due to multi-step excavation were quantitatively investigated through laboratory tests. The new earth pressure equation was verified by comparing the test results with the earth pressures predicted by new equation in various soil conditions. Resulting from testing by using multi-step excavation, the arching effect and load recovery were clearly observed. The test results in $c-{\phi}$ soil showed that even a small amount of cohesion can cause the earth pressure to decrease significantly. Therefore, predicting earth pressure without considering such cohesion can lead to overestimation of earth pressure. The test results in various ground conditions demonstrated that the newly proposed equation, which enables consideration of cohesion as appropriate, is the most reliable equation for predicting earth pressure in both ${\phi}$ soil and $c-{\phi}$ soil. The comparison of the theoretical equations with the field data measured on a real construction site also highlighted the best-fitness of the theoretical equation in predicting earth pressure.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2011년도 한국우주과학회보 제20권1호
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• pp.30.1-30.1
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• 2011

We present construction of 3D Earth optical Model for in-orbit performance prediction of L1 halo orbiting earth remote sensing instrument; the Albedo Monitor and Radiometer (Amon-Ra) using Integrated Ray Tracing (IRT) computational technique. The 3 components are defined in IRT; 1) Sun model, 2) Earth system model (Atmosphere, Land and Ocean), 3)Amon-Ra Instrument model. In this report, constructed sun model has Lambertian scattering hemisphere structure. The atmosphere is composed of 16 distributed structures and each optical model includes scatter model with both reflecting and transmitting direction respond to 5 deg. intervals of azimuth and zenith angles. Land structure model uses coastline and 5 kinds of vegetation distribution data structure, and its non-Lambertian scattering is defined with the semi-empirical "parametric kernel method" used for MODIS (NASA) missions. The ocean model includes sea ice cap with the sea ice area data from NOAA, and sea water optical model which is considering non-Lambertian sun-glint scattering. The IRT computation demonstrate that the designed Amon-Ra optical system satisfies the imaging and radiometric performance requirement. The technical details of the 3D Earth Model, IRT model construction and its computation results are presented together with future-works.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제24권6_2호
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• pp.753-762
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• 2021

Google provides mapping services using satellite imagery, this is widely used for the study. Since about 20 years ago, research and business using drones have been expanding. Pix4D is widely used to create 3D information models using drones. This study compared the distance error by comparing the result of the road construction site with the DSM data of Google Earth and Pix4 D. Through this, we tried to understand the reliability of the result of distance measurement in Google Earth. A DTM result of 3.08 cm/pixel was obtained as a result of matching with 49666 key points for each image. The length and altitude of Pix4D and Google Earth were measured and compared using the obtained PCD. As a result, the average error of the distance based on the data of Pix4D was measured to be 0.68 m, confirming that the error was relatively small. As a result of measuring the altitude of Google Earth and Pix4D and comparing them, it was confirmed that the maximum error was 83.214m, which was measured using satellite images, but the error was quite large and there was inaccuracy. Through this, it was confirmed that there are difficulties in analyzing and acquiring data at road construction sites using Google Earth, and the result was obtained that point cloud data using drones is necessary.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

모형 보강토 옹벽을 실내에 축조하여 벽체의 연속성과 강성이 벽체의 거동 및 안정성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 완전 연속 전면판과 일반적으로 사용되는 블록식 비연속 전면판을 설계하여 모형실험에 적용하였다. 따라서 각각의 전면판에 따라 서로 다른 축조방법과 축조순서가 채택되었다. 모형 보강토옹벽은 상용의 지오그리드 보강재와, 주문진 표준사를 사용하여 강성지반 상에 축조하였으며 토압계, 변위계 및 보강재 상에 부착된 변형율계 등을 사용하여 거동을 추적하였다. 두 벽체에 대한 시험으로부터 연속 강성 벽체를 가진 보강토 옹벽이 일반적인 블록식 전면판 보강토 옹벽에 비해 안정적인 거동을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 학계
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• pp.21-24
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• 2009

This study deals with the application of USN wireless inclinometer sensor for earth retaining structure safety measurement, The application of wireless inclinometer sensor has great advantage about real-time monitoring of earth retaining structure, It allows a construction manager to monitor movement data from anywhere connected through internet during the process of excavation for substructures of buildings, To validate the applicability of the wireless inclinometer sensor. laboratory and field tests have been performed, The results have shown that the measured values of wireless inclinometer sensor represent the behavior of H-pile well, Both convenience of sensor installation and real-time monitoring of earth retaining structure are confirmed, The proposed wireless measurement system provides a good basis for exact measurement of temporary substructures, More measurements and application are expected for the other excavation sites with various conditions.