• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2008

This study assessed the incidence of embryo and fetal loss following early pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasonography in dairy cows. A positive pregnancy was a recognition of the vesicle, embryo or fetus by ultrasonography. Seven hundreds and two pregnancies determined by ultrasonography following artificial insemination were divided into three groups according to the number of days diagnosed pregnant: early A group (27 to 40 days, n = 143), early B group (41 to 50 days, n = 172), or standard group (51 to 70 days, n = 387). Following a positive pregnancy diagnosis, embryo or fetal loss included all cows with observed abortions and cows found open after the positive pregnancy diagnosis. The incidence rate of embryo or fetal loss within 7 days after pregnancy diagnosis was 1.4, 0.6 and 0.3% for the early A, early B, and standard groups, respectively (P>0.05). The incidence of the embryo or fetal loss during 8 to 30 days after pregnancy diagnosis did not differ (P>0.05) among the early A (0%), early B (1.2%), and standard groups (1.0%). Furthermore, the cumulative incidence of the embryo or fetal loss before calving did not differ (P>0.05) among the early A (9.8%), early B (9.3%), and standard groups (5.9%). These results indicate that early pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasonography does not increase the risk of embryo and fetal loss compared with that of routine pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2015

Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the relationship between the timing of peri-implantitis diagnosis and marginal bone level after a 5-year follow-up of non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment. Methods: Thirty-three patients (69 implants) were given peri-implantitis diagnosis in 2008-2009 in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Among them, 31 implants from 16 patients were included in this study. They were treated non-surgically in this hospital, and came for regular maintenance visits for at least 5 years after peri-implantitis treatment. Radiographic marginal bone levels at each interval were measured and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Timing of peri-implantitis was one of the significant factors affecting initial bone loss and total bone loss not additional bone after peri-implantitis diagnosis. Patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetic mellitus were positively influenced on both initial bone loss and total bone loss. Patients who needed periodontal treatment after implant placement showed a negative effect on bone loss compared to those who needed periodontal treatment before implant placement during entire periods. Implant location also significantly influenced on amounts of bone loss. Mandibular implants showed less bone loss than maxillary implants. Among surgical factors, combined use of autogenous and xenogenic bone graft materials showed a negative effect on bone loss compared to autogenous bone graft materials. Use of membrane negatively affected on initial bone loss but positively on additional bone loss and total bone loss. Thread exposure showed positive effects on initial bone loss and total bone loss. Conclusions: Early peri-implantitis diagnosis led to early non-surgical intervention for peri-implantitis treatment, which resulted in the maintenance of the bone level as well as preservation of the implant.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2012

어린이는 8-10세 경에 외상을 자주 받으며 구강 내에서는 상악 절치부가 호발하는 부위이다. 외상으로 인하여 상악 절치가 상실되면 어린이에게 합병증을 야기할 수 있으므로 가능한 한 상악 절치를 유지해야 하지만 조기 상실되는 경우가 있다. 상악절치의 조기 상실로 인한 합병증으로는 심미적 문제나 치조골의 수직적 높이와 수평적 너비의 감소, 인접치의 경사, 악궁 장경 감소 등이 있다. 그 중에서 치조골이 소실되면 보철적 수복 시에 기능성과 안정성, 심미적인 면에 영향을 준다. 이 증례는 외상으로 인하여 상악 중절치가 조기 상실된 9세 여아와 6세 남아에서 각각 5년 5개월, 3년 7개월 후의 치조골소실 정도를 cone beam computed tomography와 진단 모형 상에서 관찰하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.784-794
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to prepare basic data about middle and high school students' school loss due to oral diseasea and to investigate the relevant factors. Methods : The survey is conducted for 575 middle school students in Busan and Gyeongnam. School loss was investigated based on the experiences of absences and leaving school early, which had happened from oral diseasea. The independent variables were oral health behaviors and sociopeconomic factors such as sex, age of their parents, educational level of their parents, family income. Factors related with school loss was analyzed by the multiple logistic regression method. Results : The experience ratio of leaving school early to the dental clinic or having difficulty in studying was higher in the case of high school student than in middle school student case. The parameters related with absence or leaving school early for oral disease were the education level, the distinction of sex, fear about medical examination and the standard of living. The reasons of absence or leaving early for visiting the dental clinic were related with education level, the distinction of sex, fear about medical examination, distrust of oral care and the satisfaction of oral health. The parameters having effect on school performance were education level, sex, fear about medical examination, distrust of oral care, cost burden, interests in oral health by the parents and school record. Conclusions : The oral health promotion should be developed to decrease school loss for students.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.879-889
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• 2006

The early exposure of cover screws is a common complication of 2-stage implant technique. The exposure of cover screws between stage I and IT surgery may cause inflammation in the soft tissues surrounding the implants, and lead to peri-implantitis or marginal bone loss. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the early exposure of cover screws on implants placed using 2-stage technique. Two hundred and nineteen implants in 77 patients were examined for cumulative survival rate, radiographic marginal bone level change, cause and frequency of the early exposure. The results were as follows: 1. Twenty-five implants showed early exposure of cover screws with a frequency of 11.4%. 2. Cumulative survival rate of the implants with early cover screw exposure was 88.0%, and that of the implants without cover screw exposure was 96,9%. 3. At the time of stage IT surgery and 1 year after loading, the marginal bone loss was greater around the implants with early exposure of cover screws than around the implants without cover screw exposure(p <0.05), 4, There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of the early exposure according to the implant diameter, gender, and smoking(p >0,05).

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권2A호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 주파수 도약 위성 통신 시스템에서 정지 궤도 위성의 드리프트로 인해 Early-Late gate 동기 추적 알고리즘으로는 흡 동기를 유지할 수 없는 현상이 발생하는 문제를 해결하기 위한 동기추적 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 위성에 탑재된 역도약-재도약 중계기를 통해 신호가 중계될 때, 위성의 드리프트로 인하여 수신된 홉의 양쪽 에지에서의 에너지 유실 때문에 Early-Late gate 동기추적 알고리즘을 사용했을 경우 홉 동기를 유지할 수 없는 현상이 발생한다. 그러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존의 Ranging 거리 정보를 사용한 Early-Late gate 홉 에너지를 비교하는 구조를 변형하여 Inner-Outer gate 홉 에너지를 비교하고 송신타이밍을 예측하여 동기를 추적하는 Anti-Shrink 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안된 알고리즘은 기존의 내부-외부 에너지비율 알고리즘보다 우수하고, Ranging 거리정보를 사용한 Early-Late gate 동기추적 알고리즘보다 성능은 유사하지만 Ranging 정보를 사용하지 않고도 에너지 손실이 적어 위성의 드리프트에 robust하게 동기유지가 가능하다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2018

Hippocampal atrophy is a well-established imaging biomarker of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, hippocampus is a non-homogenous structure with cytoarchitecturally and functionally distinct sub-regions or subfield, with each region performing distinct functions. Certain regions of the subfield have shown selective vulnerability to AD. Here, we are interested in studying the effects of normal aging and mild cognitive impairment on these sub-regional volumes. With a reliable automated segmentation technique, we segmented these subregions of the hippocampus in 101 cognitively normal (CN), 135 early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), 67 late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) and 48 AD subjects. Thereby, dividing the hippocampus into hippocampal tail (tail), subiculum (SUB), cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), hippocampal fissure (fissure), presubiculum (PSUB), parasubiculum (ParaSUB), molecular layer (ML), granule cells/molecular layer/dentate gyrus (GCMLDG), cornu ammonis 3(CA3), cornu ammonis 4(CA4), fimbria and hippocampal-amygdala transition area (HATA). In this cross sectional study of 351 ADNI subjects, no differences in terms of age, gender, and years of education were observed among the groups. Though, the groups had statistically significant differences (p < 0.05 after the multiple comparison correction) in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. There was asymmetrical volume loss in the early stages of AD with the left hemisphere showing volume loss in regions that were unaffected in the right hemisphere. Bilateral parasubiculum, right cornu ammonis 1, 3 and 4, right fimbria and right HATA regions did not show any volume loss till the late MCI stages. Our findings suggest that the hippocampal subfield regions are selectively vulnerable to AD and also that these vulnerabilities are asymmetrical especially during the early stages of AD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

Objective : To evaluate whether an early bone marrow edema pattern predicts vertebral deformity types and prognosis in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). Methods : This retrospective study enrolled 64 patients with 75 acute OVCFs who underwent early MRI and followed up MRI. On early MRI, the low SI pattern of OVCF on T1WI were assessed and classified into 3 types (diffuse, globular or patchy, band-like). On followed up MRI, the vertebral deformity types (anterior wedge, biconcave, crush), degree of vertebral body height loss, incidence of vertebral osteonecrosis and spinal stenosis were assessed for each vertebral fracture types. Results : According to the early bone marrow edema pattern on T1WI, 26 vertebrae were type 1, 14 vertebrae were type 2 and 35 vertebrae were type 3. On followed up MRI, the crush-type vertebral deformity was most frequent among the type 1 OVCFs, the biconcave-type vertebral deformity was most frequent among the type 2 OVCFs and the anterior wedge-type vertebral deformity was most frequent among the type 3 OVCFs (p<0.001). In addition, type 1 early bone marrow edema pattern of OVCF on T1WI were associated with higher incidence of severe degree vertebral body height loss, vertebral osteonecrosis and spinal stenosis on the follow up MRI. Conclusion : Early bone marrow edema pattern of OVCF on T1WI, significant correlated with vertebral deformity types on the follow up MRI. The severe degree of vertebral height loss, vertebral osteonecrosis, and spinal stenosis were more frequent in patients with diffuse low SI pattern.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.98-110
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• 1983

Aming to find out any relationship between the health status of high school girls and the early loss of their parent, the Cornell Medical Index (C.M.I) Questionnaire and interview method were used for 314 girls as an experimental group and for 300girls as a control group. The study results showed as follows: 1. A significant difference in the health status between the experimental group and the control group was found in that the C.M.I. score showed higher in the experimental group than in the control group. 2. A significant difference in the health status was found in accordance with the sex of the lost parent, the cause of loss of the substitute for the lost parent, the age of losing parent and the duration of loss of parent in the experimental group. 3. A significant difference in the health status in the experimental group showed according to the three variables in the six variables-the sex of the lost parent, the cause of loss of parent, the substitute for the lost parent, the age of losing parent, the duration of loss of parent and the degree of economic support. The most significant factor toward the health status was shown by the age of losing parent, the sex of lost parent and the cause of loss of parent with the order.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.639-642
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• 2005

This paper proposes two kinds of complexity-reduced algorithms for a low density parity check (LDPC) decoder. First, sequential decoding using a partial group is proposed. It has the same hardware complexity and requires a fewer number of iterations with little performance loss. The amount of performance loss can be determined by the designer, based on a tradeoff with the desired reduction in complexity. Second, an early detection method for reducing the computational complexity is proposed. Using a confidence criterion, some bit nodes and check node edges are detected early on during decoding. Once the edges are detected, no further iteration is required; thus early detection reduces the computational complexity.