• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2017

This literature review focuses on external treatments for the throat, as found in the classic Korean text, Hyang-Yak-Jib-Sung-Bang Throat. Sections of the text related to external treatment of throat disorders were reviewed. Examples of frequently used external methods include gargling, application of powder, and brushing of the throat. These methods are still used in modern Korean Medicine treatments for Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) disorders. This discussion is provided with intention to invigorate the ancient practices of throat treatments, by highlighting benefits and results of the therapeutic protocols described in Hyang-Yak-Jib-Sung-Bang Throat. Discovering new effective herbal medicines and developing more precise external treatments will advance ENT treatment in Korean medicine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5701-5707
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• 2014

Background: Salivary gland tumours, which account for approximately 3% of head-neck cancers, are a heterogeneous group and thus it is difficult to identify their epidemiological characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine demographic features and histopathologic distribution of parotid neoplasms in a large sample from Turkey. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively on 136 parotidectomy materials from operations between May 2009-May 2013. Age, gender, tumor diameter, histopathological diagnosis and surgical margin status were recorded. Results: The benign cases were 112 (82.4%), while the malignancies were 24 (17.6%). The accuracy rate of FNAC was 91%. There were 46 (33.8%) male and 90 (66.2%) female patients. Female/male ratio (M/F=0.5) was two, the Warthin (WT) tumor being more apparent in males (p<0.05). Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was detected most frequently among benign pathologies at 61.6% (69/112), while the Warthin Tumor (WT) was detected as the second most frequent tumor at 20.5% (23/112). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (Ca ex PA) were detected at equal frequency at 20.8% (5/24) among malign tumors. These were followed by acinic cell carcinoma at 16.7% (4/24). While the surgical margin was positive in ten patients with malignant tumors (41.7%), all of the benign tumors were negative (p<0.01). No significant difference was detected in the age-gender of patients, tumor size and distribution of sites among benign and malignant groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most frequently reported benign tumor almost in all global literature. Yet, the distribution of malignant tumors displays geographical differences. Based on these data, we believe that our findings will provide a significant contribution to future epidemiological studies. We think that it will be beneficial to generate awareness on parotid tumors and ensure a fight against smoking as with all head-neck cancers.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.698-715
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• 2018

Purpose: Hrd1 has recently emerged as a critical regulator of B-cells in autoimmune diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation and their possible roles in CRSwNP. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting were used to assess gene and protein expression in nasal tissue extracts. Cells isolated from nasal tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Local antibody production was measured in tissue extracts with a Bio-Plex assay. Additionally, changes in Hrd1 expression in response to specific inflammatory stimuli were measured in cultured dispersed polyp cells. Results: Nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRS) had increased levels of Hrd1, B-cells and plasma cells compared with NPs from patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-ECRS) or other control subjects (P < 0.05). The average Hrd1 levels in B-cells in NPs from ECRS patients were significantly higher than those from non-ECRS patients and control subjects (P < 0.05). NPs also contained significantly increased levels of several antibody isotypes compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Hrd1 expression in cultured polyp cells from ECRS patients, but not non-ECRS patients, was significantly increased by interleukin-$1{\beta}$, lipopolysaccharide and Poly(I:C) stimulation, and inhibited by dexamethasone treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Differential Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation between the ECRS and non-ECRS subsets suggests that they can exhibit distinct pathogenic mechanisms and play important roles in NP.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.640-642
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• 2015

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1994

Three cases of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) of enlarged lymph nodes are reported. The FNA smears contained randomly activated lymphoid cells, necrotic debris and histiocytes. The same patterns were found in subsequently examined excised lymph nodes from these cases. The differential diagnosis of this entity is discussed and the value of preparing FNA cell blocks and accompanying AFB stain with culture is emphasized. FNA may be able to provide a diagnosis in case of this benign disease, therefore avoiding a more traumatic excisional biopsy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.141-147
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• 2009

Objective : We investigated the effects of BOM Gunbisoyeom-tang(Jianbixiaoyan-tang) Gamibang having prescribed clinically to patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Methods : We prescribed BOM Gunbisoyeom-tang(Jianbixiaoyan-tang) Gamibang for 1 month to 77 patients visiting to KimKiJoon Orentalclinic BOM from January 1 to December 31, 2008 with perennial allergic rhinitis and analysised the questionnaire(symptom severity assessment) before and after treatment. Results : BOM Gunbisoyeom-tang(Jianbixiaoyan-tang) Gamibang improved significantly all nosal symptoms(sneezing, runny nose, congestion, itchy nose and postnasal drip), some non-nasal symptoms(eye and throat symptoms, headache and mental function) except chromic cough and ear symptoms and quality of life. Conclusion : BOM Gunbisoyeom-tang(Jianbixiaoyan-tang) Gamibang cured effectively patients with perennial allergic rhinitis by 1 month treatment but not perfectly. So further studies are needed for treatment duration and changes of pathological index before and after treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.328-330
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• 1995

A fourty-year-old housewife was admitted to the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat from the emergency room, because of severe vertigo associated with positional changes of the head. Hallpike maneuver produced typical patterns of bilateral nystagmus consistent with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV), and further geotropic rotatory nystagmus with positional change of the head in each direction. Direction of nystagmus reversed when the patients was repositioned upright. Particle repositioning maneuver was administered to her left ear but failed to relieve the severe dizziness associated with the head turning to the right. She was then referred to the patient received 27 SGB treatments and the patients was almost completely healed. It is unusual for the BPPV to occur bilaterally therefore reference concerning the effectiveness of SGB for the treatment of BPPV was difficult to obtain. In conclusion we would like to report the successful treatment of BPPV with SGB.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.379-383
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• 2018

Septoplasty/septorhinoplasty is a common ear, nose and throat procedure offered for those patients with deviated septum who are suffering from nasal obstruction and functional or cosmetic problems. Although it is a basic and simple procedure, it could lead to catastrophic complications including major skull base injuries which result in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. We describe two different cases of traumatic CSF leaks following septoplasty/septorhinoplasty at two different sites. The first patient suffered a CSF leak following septoplasty and presented to Alexandria University Hospital. The leak was still active at presentation and identified as coming from a defect in the roof of the sphenoid sinus and was repaired surgically. The second patient presented 4 days after her cosmetic septorhinoplasty with a CSF leak and significant pneumocephalus. She was managed conservatively. Understanding the anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses and implementing proper surgical techniques are crucial in preventing intracranial complications when performing either septoplasty or septorhinoplasty. A good quality computed tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses is a valuable investigation to avoid major complications especially CSF leaks following either procedure.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.10
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• 2022

Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is a common hereditary disorder. Both clinical and genetic heterogeneity has created many obstacles to understanding the causes of NSHL. The present study has attempted to ravel the genetic aetiology in NSHL progression and to screen out potential target genes using computational approaches. The reported NSHL target genes (2009-2020) have been studied by analyzing different biochemical and signaling pathways, interpretation of their functional association network, and discovery of important regulatory interactions with three previously established miRNAs in the human inner ear as well as in NSHL such as miR-183, miR-182, and miR-96. This study has identified SMAD4 and SNAI2 as the most putative target genes of NSHL. But pathogenic and deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms discovered within SMAD4 is anticipated to have an impact on NSHL progression. Additionally, the identified deleterious variants in the functional domains of SMAD4 added a supportive clue for further study. Thus, the identified deleterious variant i.e., rs377767367 (G491V) in SMAD4 needs further clinical validation. The present outcomes would provide insights into the genetics of NSHL progression.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1990

Since the medical insurance covered the total population in Korea in July, 1989, the number of patient's visitation to the tertiary care hospital had changed because of referral regulation. In the referred patients through the secondary care hospitals such as out-patients of departments of internal medicine, general surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics had decreased as well in-patients in these departments. However, departments of urology, dermatology, dentistry, ophthalmology and ear-nose-throat had more or less similar number of patients after medical insurance implemented for the total population. Contrarily, the number of patients visited emergency clinics and department of family medicine had increased very many. Thus, expansion of emergency clinic department, new special clinic set-ups, establishment of family medicine department in each hospital etc are strongly recommend.