• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2013

This study divided the observation area in an indoor space for area setup to analyse the effect of the difference of design types on the characteristics of observation with the observed time of each area as objects. Though it is thought that the difference of design patterns may be influenced by the factors and material composing the space, no existing approaches have had any quantitatively measuring method. Eye-tracking could be efficiently utilized for observation analysis from the viewpoint of dating observation behavior. The followings are the results of analysing the observation characteristics depending on design pattern. First, 5 observing areas were set up according to concentration of observation time in order for the concentration by area to be examined and the factors of design having effect on the difference of observation patterns by design type could be analysed. Second, as a whole, the observation of modern types showed high observation characteristics. When the difference of observation characteristics by pattern was examined by difference at observation frequency, the observation frequency defined to be more than 50% was seen to be almost same from Area I to III and to get higher from Area IV, and that defined to be 30% was high at Areas III and IV. In Area V, it was very high at natural. Third, that of Area II is no more than 8.2% but had the most observation time. As for observation characteristics, the horizontal observation of the central part was the highest and had more observation frequency at modern type that at natural one. These observation characteristics by area enabled to analyse the observation tendency depending on design characters at relevant area. Fourth, the design factors composing natural type were found to bring more attention when the area showed higher concentration at natural type than at modern one. And the analysis of design factors could make it to be confirmed that the quality of material and background factors in addition to design factors in the area had more effect on sight concentration.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

This study examine the relationship between the intake of food conformable to each Sasang constitution and the recognition of irregular symptoms of health condition. The study subjects were 362 university students nationwide, classified by heir Sasang constitution. In terms of the intakes of conformable food and the symptom recognition, the number of multiple subjective symptoms tended to rise as the Soeum type digested the conformable food. As for the kinds of food, the Soyang type showed a significant positive correlation between the intake of cucumber namul and the symptoms of eyes and skin, but a negative correlation between the intake of Chongak Kimchi and the symptoms of the digestive system The Soeum type showed a significant positive correlation between multiple subjective symptoms and the intake of Gatkimchi, fernbrake namul, naeng-i soup, naeng-i namul, Korean leek Kimchi, crown daisy namul, and curled mallow soup, a significant positive correlation between the symptom recognition of the respiratory system and the intake of fried flatfish, and chicken gomtang but a negative correlation between the symptom recognition of the eye and skin and the intake of boiled eel. The Taeum type presented the a sigmificant positive correlation between multiple subjective symptoms and the intake of spaghetti, a positive correlation between the symptoms of the respiratory system and the intake of tuna salad, a positive correlation between the symptoms of the eye and skin and the intake of mafa tofu, spaghetti, and tuna salad, a negative correlation between the symptoms of the mouth and anus and the intake of codfish jiri, and a negative correlation between the symptoms of the respiratory system and the intake of tuna salad.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of two representative subway map design types, namely a diagram type and a geographical type using physiological metrics, performance metrics, and self-reported metrics, which are representative usability metrics. Background: Subway maps need to be designed in order for users to quickly search and recognize subway line information. Although most cities' subway maps currently use the diagram type designed by Henry Beck, New York City's subway map has recently been changed to the subway map type combined with the geographical type designed by Michael Hertz. However, not many studies on its efficiency are found, and the studies that are available mainly depend on questionnaire surveys or take on a subjective behavioral study type based on experts' experiences. In this regard, evaluation through a more objective method is needed. Method: This study employed usability metrics as a method to evaluate the efficiency of information search targeting the diagram type and geographical type subway maps used mostly as subway maps. To this end, physiological metrics obtained through eye tracking, task completion time, representative metric of task performance, and subjective evaluation metrics were used for the suitability evaluation of subway map designs. Results: In the result of gaze movement distance analysis, no significant difference was shown in the two design types in terms of a process finding a departure station from the starting point and a process finding a transfer station between the departure station and arrival station (destination). However, the gaze movement distance in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type. The analysis of task completion time showed a result similar to the gaze movement distance analysis result. Task completion time was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type, which is in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station. In other information search processes, no significant difference was shown. As a result of subjective evaluation metrics analysis, no significant difference was revealed in the two design types. Conclusion: An analysis on the two representative subway map design types was carried out via the adoption of usability metrics. As a result, although no significant difference was shown in some information search processes, it was revealed that information search was easier in the geographical type overall. Also, it was found that usability metrics can be effectively used to evaluate the design types of subway maps. Application: The study results can be used to set design direction to offer ease in information search on subway lines. The study also can be used as a method to evaluate a subway map's design type.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1109-1116
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• 2002

To investigate the effect of nitriding layer on both fatigue crack initiation and fatigue life, turbine rotor steel ( IC.- 1Mo-0.25V steel) specimens were nitrided by the nitemper method and then put to a rotary bending fatigue test at room and elevated temperatures. In nitriding, temperature and time were controlled to obtain a different nitrided thickness. Microstructure analysis, micro-Victors hardness test, and scanning electron microscope observation were carried out for evaluating experiments. In results, the fatigue cracks of nitrided specimens were initiated at inclusion near the interface between nitrided layer and substrate, which showed fish-eye type appearance in fractograph. The fatigue life of nitrided specimens at every temperature was prolonged compared to that of the non-nitrided. However, there was not observable improvement in fatigue characteristics with the increase of a nitrided thickness.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권41호
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• pp.197-201
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• 1997

Presses are very used in industrial and commercial companies and are often the source of serious accidents occurring during operation. Most of accidents are due to inadequate design of the press machine. This paper presented an experiment which examined eye movement characteristics of the operators in the press operation. Continuous recordings of eye movements were made on five subjects in press operation. It was observed that the subjects stared longer at the die and did not stare at the switch. The eyemovemen patterns per cycle of the subjects were mostly identified as material container $\rightarrow$ die pattern type. The results could be used as basic data to establish a design guideline when manufacturer made the press machine.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.20-25
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• 2001

In recent years, the concern about a user center design in increasing, and it's needed to task a user's visual cognitive characteristics for information presentation. Then this study aims to grasp user's cognitive characteristics about the information presentation by analyzing the fixation points. In the experiment, actually subject operated a copy machine. Recorded the fixation point movement of the operation panel by the eye mark recorder. Analysis examined the screen interface of the operation panel from the field of a fixation point trace. The top down type fixation oder by experience or the context became clear as a result. Furthermore, the difference of the fixation order by skill level was also examined. In this study, it was assumed that to grasp the visual cognitive characteristics becomes the key of efficient information.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2018

본 연구는 다양한 야간경관의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 아이트래킹 평가 방법과 경관 형용사 평가 방법의 비교를 통하여 시지각적 경관 지각에 대한 이해를 높이고, 경관 평가 영역을 확장하기 위한 연구논문이다. 연구 결과, 캠퍼스 야간경관을 대상으로 한 아이트래킹 평가 결과에서는 '눈 깜빡임 수(Blink count)', '눈 응시 시간(Fixation duration) 평균', '시선의 급격한 이동시간(Saccade duration) 평균'과 경관 형용사 중 '아름다운', '흥미로운', '접근성이 높은', '만족하는', '안전한' 형용사와 유의미한 상관관계가 있음이 검증되었다. 또한, 캠퍼스 야간경관의 관심지역 분석 및 비교에서는 경관 특성별 관심영역이 달라지는 경향성을 파악하였으며, 특히 '문', '표지판' 등 특수 경관 요소에 집중하여 시선이 고정되는 것으로 도출되었다. 이상의 결과들을 통하여 아이트래킹 분석 방법이 '경관 요소'에 대한 평가를 구체화시킬 수 있는 효율적인 도구라고 판단하였으며, 기존 개념으로만 제시되었던 경관 선호 이론들을 뒷받침할 수 있는 근거로 활용될 수 있다는 측면도 의미 있는 결과라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이처럼 객관적인 경관 평가 기법으로서 아이트래킹의 다양한 활용 가능성을 제안하였으며, 지속적인 연구 결과의 축적으로 경관계획에 구체적인 시사점을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2008

목적: 본 연구는 한국 동남지역 여자 대학생들의 굴절이상 눈의 굴절 상태를 분석하고자 한 것이다. 방법: 2007년 3월부터 10월 사이 안경을 착용한, 부산과 경남지역에 거주하는 여자 대학생 367명(19~22세)을 대상으로 굴절검사를 시행하였다. 결과는 T-test를 이용해서 분석하였다. 결과: 굴절이상 눈의 형태는 근시성 복난시 76.72%, 단순근시 10.90%, 혼합난시 6.27%로 나타났다. 굴절력에 의한 근시의 종류는 경도 근시 56.11%, 중등도 근시 27.14%로 나타났다. 근시 구면등가 굴절력에서 오른 눈은 왼눈에 비해서 값이 크나 유의성은 없었다(p<0.5). 등가구면에 의한 부동시와 원주 굴절력은 대부분 1.00 diopter 이하를 나타내었다. 주경선의 방향에 의한 난시 종류는 직난시 70.79%, 도난시 18.41%, 사난시 10.80%로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구에서 한국 동남지역 여자 대학생들의 굴절이상 눈의 굴절상태에서 근시와 난시가 많이 분포함을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2024

안구 입력 시스템은 '아이트래킹 기술'과 '화상키보드 문자 입력 기술'을 기반으로 설계된 디지털 키보드 형식의 문자 입력 시스템이며, 이때 사용하는 화상키보드 구조는 직사각형의 QWERTY 배열로 양손 10개의 손가락을 동시에 활용하는 다중 입력 방식에 최적화된 구조이다. 하지만 '아이트래킹 기술'은 한 개의 초점만으로 입력해야 하는 안구운동 기반의 단일 입력 방식이기 때문에 다중 입력 방식인 직사각형 구조의 화상키보드와 함께 사용할 때 문제점이 발생한다. 이를 해결하고자 우선 안구에 연결된 근육의 형태와 종류 및 움직임에 관한 선행연구를 조사하였다. 그 후 안구의 동작원리가 직선이 아닌 원형으로 움직이는 것을 파악했다. 따라서 본 연구는 양손 입력에 최적화된 현재의 직사각형 구조로 배치된 화상키보드의 키 배열보다 회전운동에 적합한 원형 구조로 배치된 새로운 키 배열을 제안한다. 또한, 기존 직사각형 키 배열과 비교하여 원형 키 배열에 대한 성능 검증 실험을 진행하였고, 실험을 통해서 원형 배열의 키보드로 직사각형 배열 키보드를 대체 가능한지 확인하였다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.261-282
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• 2024

본 연구는 디지털 도서관의 콘텐츠를 탐색하는 동안 이용자의 암묵적 적합성 피드백을 활용하여 적합성을 판단하기 위해 뇌파 기반 및 시선추적 기반 방법들을 제안하고 평가해 보았다. 이를 위해서 32명을 대상으로 하여 동영상, 이미지, 텍스트 데이터를 활용하여 뇌파/시선추적 실험들을 수행하였다. 제안된 방법들의 유용성을 평가하기 위해서, 딥러닝 기반의 인공지능 방법들을 경쟁 기준으로 사용하였다. 평가 결과, 주제에 적합한 동영상과 이미지(얼굴/감정)를 선택하는 데에는 뇌파 컴포넌트 기반 방법들(av_P600, f_P3b)이 높은 분류 정확도를 나타냈고, 이미지(객체)와 텍스트(신문 기사)를 선택하는 데에는 인공지능 기반 방법 즉, 객체 인식 기반 방법과 자연언어 처리 방법이 각각 높은 분류 정확도를 나타냈다. 끝으로, 뇌파, 시선추적 및 인공지능 기술에 기반한 디지털 도서관 인터페이스를 구현하기 위한 지침 즉, 암묵적 적합성 피드백에 기반한 시스템 모형을 제안하고, 분류 정확도를 향상시키기 위해서 미디어별로 적합한 뇌파 기반, 시선추적 기반 및 인공지능 기반 방법들을 제시하였다.