• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.16 no.4 s.44
• /
• pp.443-455
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study is to verify the theoretical model on the clothing satisfaction. Research problems are as following; 1. To identify a causal model on the clothing satisfaction. 2. To examine the causal model by the brand levels. 3. To examine the causal model by the consumer characteristics. The empirical study of the above research problems is carried out by the longitudinal survey. The subjects selected for the final analysis are 362 women living in Seoul and Pusan. The results of our analysis are as following; 1. The main causal course of the clothing satisfaction is that the brand level and the consumer expectation $\rightarrow$ the expectation $\rightarrow$ the perceived performance ($\rightarrow$ the disconfirmation) $\rightarrow$ the clothing satisfaction. Those relevant variables explain $70\%$ of the clothing satisfac-tion variance. Especially, the influence of the perceived performance appears to be greater than that of the disconfirmation. 2. According to our analysis, the expectation influences the clothing satisfaction indirectly through the perceived performance. Especially, the normative expectation exhibits the contrast effect on the disconfirmation, while the predictive expectation exhibits the assimilation effect on the perceived performance. 3. The clothing satisfaction model differs by the brand levels (high price brand vs. moderate price brand) and by the consumer involvement levels (high involvement vs. low involvement). The relevant variables explain $65\%$ of the clothing satisfaction variance in the high price brand, while they explain $77\%$ in the moderate price brand. In the high involvement group, the relevant variables explain $78\%$ of the clothing satisfaction variance and $60\%$ in the low involvement group. In both involvement groups, the most critical direct variable is the perceived perfor-mance. In conclusion, we find that the clothing satisfaction can be explained by three constructs, the expectation, the perceived performance and the disconfirmation. The hypothesis that the two dimensions of the expectation explain the clothing satisfaction better is empirically supported in our study. Finally, we find that the clothing satisfaction models differ between two brand levels and consumer involvement levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.330-340
• /
• 2001

This study is to select food offered with higher frequency at restaurants such as hamburger, pizza, chicken, gimbap(boiled rice rolled in laver with seasonings stuffed), and calgooksu(Korean traditional noodles); identify customers' expectation and satisfaction levels on food and service quality and analyze correlation according to each food. The survey was conducted from March 1 to March 24, 2000, by distributing questionnaires. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS for t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) It is revealed that overall average satisfaction levels on food quality according to individuals' trait came out significantly low compared to their expectation levels, and that balance in nutrition and reasonable prices had problems in relation to food quality. 2) Customers' expectation levels on food quality came out the highest with calgooksu and gimbap, and their satisfaction levels came out the highest with pizza. 3) Customers' overall average expectation levels on service quality showed a very high point, while their satisfaction levels showed a low point with significance. 4) Hamburger was poor in hygiene; pizza showed the highest satisfaction levels over its quality with significance, and calgooksu and gimbap showed very low satisfaction levels over their service quality. 5) Correlation between customers' expectation and satisfaction levels over the nutritional balance and proper taste of the food quality came out significant. 6) Pizza and chicken showed significant correlation with regard to atmosphere, service, and hygiene variables (p<0.01).

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.55-95
• /
• 2008

This research was performed with the aim of analyzing the 'expectation dynamics' of embryonic stem cell research which was revealed throughout the establishment process of Stem Cell Research Center from 2000 to 2002. Expectation dynamics is a chained process: expectation construction - raising fund - performing research. Normally, researchers are considerably circumspect and politically neutral in assessing the result of research. However, some researchers are very involved in building the expectation dynamics by developing an overestimated impact of the result, which can be understood as a kind of strategy for solving the financial problem and defending the criticism in terms of bioethics. Nowadays Biotechnology R&D costs a big budget and requires large site human resources, so building the expectation dynamics is a decisive element for a successful R&D performance, which makes the strategy-development in the political context much more important. By analyzing the actors-network of embryonic stem cell research in term of 'expectation dynamics', we can clarify the identify of embryonic stem cell researchers and draw a conclusion which is very helpful for decision makers and the public to make a decision related with embryonic stem cells.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.246-260
• /
• 2018

This study examined the customers' perception on Home Meal Replacement (HMR) products. Specifically, there were three research objectives: 1. to identify the customers' HMR purchase patterns and preference of HMR product development; 2. to identify the attributes of the HMR products that the customers perceive; and 3. to examine the customers' level of expectation-confirmation toward HMR product attributes according to the demographic characteristics. This study employed a self-administered survey that was distributed online from November 21~24, 2017. The sample of the study was the customers who had purchased HMR products in the six months prior to taking the survey. A total of 553 respondents completed the survey, which was used for data analysis. The results revealed the customers' HMR purchase patterns. The major HMR product type of purchase was ready to heat (52.6%), while the main reason for purchasing HMR products was convenience (83.2%). For the differences in the level of expectation-confirmation toward HMR products in accordance with the demographic characteristics of customers, the results indicated that there was a difference in the expectation-confirmation level according to age, whereas the respondents aged 29 and under showed a significantly higher level of time-saving for the preparation and ease of cooking (P<0.05) than the other age groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in the expectation-confirmation level for saving meal preparation time (P<0.05) and convenience (P<0.01) among the customer's occupation. These findings can provide the basis for a strategy for developing HMR products reflecting the rapidly changing customers' needs. HMR products should be developed according to the specific target market, as the study indicated that the respective customer segmentation resulted in a difference in their expectation toward HMR products.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.734-741
• /
• 2004

The purposes of this study were 1) to understand customers' expectations and satisfaction on menus in family restaurants, 2) to compare customer satisfaction and brand image for positioning new menus, and 3) to analyze customer satisfaction and loyalty to each menu. From May 8th to 28th, 2004, a total of 3,594 membership customers responded to the email survey. Statistical analyses such as t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were performed using SPSS 12.0. The results of this study consist of four major parts: general findings, customer expectation analysis, new menu positioning and customer satisfaction analysis. The customer expectation analysis discovered that taste was the most expected attribute in menus of family restaurants, followed by quantity, appearance and price. Statistically different expectations existed among different customer groups categorized by their general characteristics including demographics. Also, high correlations existed among the expectations over all the attributes: food quality, shape, quantity and price of food. Over all the attributes, customer expectation was higher than customer satisfaction. Thus, a discrepancy existed between expectation and satisfaction. Positioning of new menus was determined by brand image and customer satisfaction. Lastly, the customer satisfaction analysis revealed that customers in different gender and age have different satisfaction. In addition, high correlation existed between satisfaction and loyalty on new menus of a family restaurant. In consequence, the research findings suggest managers should understand customer expectation and satisfaction and reposition their menus regularly by menu engineering.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.228-238
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate parent expectation and satisfaction with respect to pediatric inpatient care and to identify the variables related to parent satisfaction. Methods: The study was conducted in pediatric wards of a tertiary children's hospital in Korea. The participants were 361 parents of children who were inpatients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire (The Pediatric Family Satisfaction Questionnaire) at the time of discharge. Results: The highest parent expectation domain was medical service. The parents were most satisfied with nursing service and least satisfied with general hospital service and accommodation. The parents expressed lower satisfaction with hospital facilities, equipment, noise, cleanliness, and communication by health care professionals. Parents with younger children reported higher expectation from the complete hospital service and those who had a longer length of stay reported higher expectation from the nursing service. Conclusion: To improve the quality of hospital services, we need to understand parent expectation and improve and provide clear communication. In addition, the general hospital service and accommodation should not be overlooked for improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.702-713
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of school foodservice dietitians' work value on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Also, this study explored the role of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers as a moderating variable in three relationships: 1) between work value and job satisfaction, 2) between work value and organizational commitment, and 3) between work value and turnover intentions. This study surveyed dietitians who worked at school foodservice in Kyunggii and Daegu${\cdot}$Gyeoungbuk province. A total of 509 responses were collected using on-site survey and online survey (response rate 59.3%). This study conducted hierarchical regression analysis to test the moderating effect of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers. Results of hierarchical regression showed that work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on job satisfaction to promotion opportunity and salary, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to new work. In addition, work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on turnover intention, and such effect was more significantly apparent in low expectation to new work environment improvement. Work value of work activity preference also appeared to have a positive effect on organizational commitment, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to social status and professionalism.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to improve patients satisfaction by comparing patients expectation prior to the implant therapy to patient satisfaction after the implant therapy. The data of 158 patients with dental implant in Seoul, Gyeonggi-Do and Cheonan city was obtained. The results are as follows : 1. 40.5% of patients placed one implant and 36.1 % of patients answered that the average cost for each implant is from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000won. 23.4% of them answered they decided to have implant because no tooth preparation is required. 2. Overall, the expectation level for implant therapy in general properties, women showed higher level of expectation than men. Especially, 'Implant has a longer life than other denture' showed significant difference between women(4.29) and men(3.87). Expectation by age, 'Implant has similar color and shape' was found the highest in age 20(4.38). Satisfaction by general properties, 'No tooth preparation required' was found the highest in age 20(4.57) and was statistically significant(p<.002). 3. Comparing patients' expectation prior to implant therapy to satisfaction afterward, 'Implant prevents jawbone resorption and keeps facial appearance' showed 3.7 of expectation but satisfaction was found increased to 3.87(p=.020). No tooth preparation required' was found 3.95 in expectation prior to implant therapy but after therapy it was found 4.23 in satisfaction (p<.001). 4. Overall satisfaction in implant therapy was found 4.25, recommendation to other patients was found 4.18 and repurchase was found 4.17.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2013

Purpose - The TOEIC test has been leading the change in the quality and the globalization of companies for about last 30 years. The TOEIC test is taken by about two million people each year and is used as a criterion to select new employees in companies or government offices, for performance ratings, and for overseas posting selections. Universities also use TOEIC test in various ways. Since the TOEIC test is used for the selection of new students for admission, transferring extra credits, scholarships, graduation certification, and admission of international students studying abroad, many universities all over the country provide students with TOEIC study lectures through their own language institutes. Despite the fact, there has been no research on the service quality or even the current situation of these institutes. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the factors that impact TOEIC lecture service quality and analyzes the effect of the expectation related to the education service quality and the result of education on intentional behavior. Research design, data, methodology - Data was collected by administering a survey to current TOEIC students from different university language institutes. The survey questionnaire comprised of a five-point Likert scale. The demographic analysis was conducted using the frequency analysis method and the factor analysis was conducted to verify the validity of questionnaire over any variable. The reliability analysis was conducted to verify the reliability of the results. Besides, multiple regression analysis, regression analysis, and mediated effect verification were also conducted. For education service quality, four different independent variables such as reliability, response, conviction, and sympathy were considered using the SERVQUAL survey model. Based on the research models, the study hypotheses below were formulated in order to recognize an effect relationship between the variables. The four hypotheses are, "the hypothesis on education service quality and TOEIC study result expectation," "the hypothesis on education service quality and behavioral intention," "the hypothesis on study result expectation and behavioral intention," and "the hypothesis on study result expectation and mediated effect." Results - The results are as follows. First, the factors like response, conviction, and sympathy have a positive influence on TOEIC study result expectations. Second, the TOEIC study result expectation has a positive influence on the factors of behavioral intention such as re-sign up, positive word-of-mouth, "loyalty towards school." Third, it was verified that the mediated effect on behavioral intention was influenced by education service quality at university foreign language institute, while the study result expectation has only a partial mediated effect. Conclusions - The implications of this study are summarized as follows: First, it suggests a new research model for the effect of the expectation related to the education service quality and the result of education in the university language institutes on the behavioral intention. Second, it has established a relationship between the education service quality and study result expectation by verifying the mediated effect on them.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 2020

This study analyzed the effects of ICT technical characteristics of agricultural industry on smart farm entrepreneurial intention by using smart farm effort expectation and smart farm acceptance intention as mediators for smart farm pre-founders. Sub-variables of the technical characteristics of agricultural industry ICT were classified into availability, economics, data convergence and scalability. 349 questionnaires collected from pre-founders living in the country were used for empirical analysis. SPSS v22.0 and Process macro v3.4 were used to analyze the data based on serial multiple mediation model. First, economics and scalability had a positive (+) effect on start-up intention. Second, availability, economics and scalability had a significant effect on effort expectation. Third, effort expectation had a significant positive effect on acceptance intention. Fourth, acceptance intention had a significant positive effect on start-up intention. Fifth, the indirect effects of economics on start-up intention were all significant through effort expectation, through acceptance intention and through both effort expectation and acceptance intention. Sixth, the indirect effect of data convergence on start-up intention was significant through acceptance intention. Seventh, the indirect effect of scalability on start-up intention was significant through effort expectation and through both effort expectation and acceptance intention. As a follow-up study, it is necessary to study for the mediating variables other than mediators introduced in the study or the moderated mediation analysis through the conditional process model in which the moderating variable is introduced.