• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.701-710
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify customer's satisfaction of coffee shops in term of economic and non-economic satisfaction, as well as to examine the effects of coffee shops image on customer's economic and non-economic satisfaction and customer brand loyalty. For this purpose, we collected data from 301 coffee shops, as well as from customers who visited brand name coffee shops in Seoul, Korea. The result of this CFA shows that this study was valid and reliable. Our findings were as follow: (1) Product and accessibility image of coffee shops influenced customer's economic satisfaction, whereas facility and staff image did not. (2) The effects of product, facility, staff and accessibility image on customer's non-economic satisfaction were significant. (3) Coffee shop image was not influenced by brand loyalty. (4) Economic and non-economic satisfaction had a significant impact on brand loyalty.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.57
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• pp.221-241
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• 2013

Country of origin is very important in terms of consumers right to know, protection of producer, national finance and tariff preference etc. The principal issues related to country of origin are breaches of origin mark, determination of origin of OEM products, domestic products using imported raw materials, exports products, and fairness of penalties. This study focus origin mark issues on key components and set products which have not been treated so far. First, Origin mark issues on key components need to introduce multiple countries of origin for the same products. Some specific products, which are considered important key components or materials, has to mark multiple country of origin in terms of portion and significance. Next, Origin mark issues on set products need to expand the objects from 15 listed items of Korea Foreign Trade Act to all items of HS tariff schedules of Korea Customs Act. A set products which below 15% of components can mark single country of origin like FTA agreement such as Korea-EU FTA, Korea-EFTA, Korea-US FTA and Korea-Peru FTA.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.421-435
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• 2006

The objective of this report is to introduce the European Union's variation rules governing medicinal products that are subject to post-approval changes. The EMEA outlines a variety of changes occurring to approved medicinal products. It also recommends a marketing authorisation holder to follow specific post-approval applications in various situations. For instance, the Commission Regulation(EC) No. 1085/2003 explains variation types and suggests post-authorisation procedures with which an applicant should comply. In all cases of minor and major variations the applicant has to investigate and validate whether or not the intended changes would have impact on the safety, efficacy and quality of a drug product. The applicant should then submit to the EMEA a variation application with adequate documentation in support of the notified changes. This procedure is implemented to ensure that changes to the approved medicinal product do not cause my public health concerns. In fact, the post-authorisation guidance categorizes post-approval changes into type IA/IB variations, type II variations, and extension applications. Such classifications determine administrative procedures to be followed in an efficient manner. Based on the type of a variation, the regulatory agency opts to reduce or extend the evaluation time-frame. The thrust of the EU's post-authorisation guidance is introduced in text with appropriate explanation. All these information will be likely to be helpful in updating a Korean regulatory guidance that could better deal with post-approval changes to generic drugs available in the market.

• KCID journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.3-16
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• 2010

The subject of externality of agricultural water supply has been discussed in the OECD AC ( Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Agriculture Committee) while argued between monsoon Asian developing countries and the agricultural product export nations (Australia, EU, etc). It argued that a 'positive' approach to multifunctionality views agriculture as an economic activity with multiple, interconnected outputs or effects, and a 'normative' approach interprets multifunctionality in terms of the multiple roles assigned to agriculture. and the agricultural product export nations insisted 'negative' approach to externality of agricultural water supply like causing water pollution. So, in this study, define the externalities (positive, negative and economic, environmental) in terms of the agricultural water supply and calculate benefit and cost each the externalities by cost estimation. As results, BC is calculated to 1.28 which means that it is more economical to agricultural water supply and shows that although the negative exernalities comes out while supply the agricultural water, it still more valuable to supply the agricultural water.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.419-425
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• 2005

In this paper, we describe the luminescent properties of the phosphors synthesized via sol-gel technique. When the phosphor prepared by sol-gel technique, reaction factors, such as pH condition, $R_w$ and drying temperature affected the luminescent intensity, particle size and morphology of final product. Therefore, we attempt to control these reaction factors in order to improve the luminescent efficiency of phosphors. As a result of our study, when the acid catalyst (HCl) was used, emission intensity was higher than the case of base catalyst $(NH_4OH)$. The product prepared at $R_w=60$ indicated the maximum intensity. As the increase of the $R_w$ value, the particle was agglomerated and emission intensity was decreased. Finally, optimum drying temperature of gel was found to be$ 180^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.311-317
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• 2008

Objective : To build a basis of patent analysis for development of Korean ginseng as a competitive medical product in the world market. Methods : Survey of all patents related to ginseng or ginseng products in Korea and other rival countries such as the USA, Japan or EU, using KIPRIS. Results : Korea has more patents of ginseng itself , however has fewer patents related to functional goods, higher value-added businesses or medical technologies using ginseng than rival countries. Conclusion : The Oriental medical world should make more effort to verify the pharmacological effects of ginseng, develop high value-added functional products or medical technologies using ginseng and apply for more patents in such fields.

• Product Safety
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• s.186
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• pp.78-83
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• 2009

VDE(Verband Deutcher Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechink)는 독일의 전기전자 및 정보기술협회로 1893년 비영리기관으로 설립하였다. VDE에는 세계 전기 및 전원산업에 있어서 중요한 역할을 담당하는 1,250개의 기업 및 국가단체들이 가입되어 있고 독일 내 네트워크를 보면 현재 32개 지부 및 55개 지점이 가동하고 있다. VDE는 전문가들의 기술적인 노하우를 컨퍼런스 조직 등을 통하여 국내외에 전파하는데 기여하고 있고 기술개발 결과에 대한 평가를 취급하는 유능하고 객관적인 기구를 지원하는 것이다. VDE시험소는 1920년 VDE마크 제정과 함께 설립되었다. VDE의 네트워크 유지 활동에는 EU 및 EFTA의 17개 국가 및 전세계 25개국의 VDE 연락사무소, 50개국에 산재한 제휴기관과의 협력 중국, 일본, 한국, 이태리 및 미국의 VDE 위임기관, 일본, 한국 및 미국의 VDE 전문가, IECEE, CB계획에 의거한 34개국 기관과의 협력 등을 들 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.181-183
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• 2009

This paper proposes a programmed ignition method of high frequency electronic ballast for metal halide lamp. The method precisely controls the ignition voltage and prevents possible damage of ballast for abnormal lamp operation or lamp failure, also sures the zero voltage switching. This improved performance for igniting the lamp enables reliable product of high frequency ballast because of high efficiency, fast start and no extra ignitor.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 2003

This study considers the local players in the European steel industry, whose the amounts of crude production are more or less 5 million tons per annum. They do not belong to the Pan-EU mega-group of steel mills with more than 15 million tons of crude production yearly. However, these mid-sized steel mills in European countries have been originated from the strong foundation of steel, scientifically and technically, as well as the centennial history. They concentrate on the niche market adjacent to the local area, which takes advantage of the geographical location. The companies considered here are VoestAlpine in Austria, Salzgitter in Germany, Rautaruukki in finland, and SSAB in Sweden. Their corporate strategies are compared on the basis of product mix and sales structure. And, the deep analysis for each company is performed, such as business strategies with the sales volumes, market strategies. competitiveness improvement planning. and R&D policies with the technology management. These analysis results can be benchmarked as the cases of best practices for domestic steel mills, especially mid & small sized companies, that develop business and market strategies for the sustainable growth and profitability.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2004

The regulations for migration amounts in USA, EU and Korea are investigated to compare the actual overall and specific migration date from plastic food packaging materials. Among the packaging materials regulated in above countries, printing ink solvents on packaging materials is used very widely and sometimes cause off-flavor in the food by migration of residual solvents. Even though migration of the residual solvents dose not generally cause safety problems in the contained food, it certainly can generate off-flavor and finally deteriorate quality of the finished product. Therefore regulation and development of analytical method for amount of residual ink solvents are very important issue in food industry. The headspace analytical method and tenax method for residual ink solvent on food packaging materials were evaluated from the accuracy, precise, swiftness and convenience of viewpoint. Headspace analytical method was selected and recommended for using in food industry field.