• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.345-357
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• 2023

Nuclear forensics has been understood as a mendatory component in the international society for nuclear material control and non-proliferation verification. Radiochronometry of nuclear activities for nuclear forensics are decay series characteristics of nuclear materials and the Bateman equation to estimate when nuclear materials were purified and produced. Radiochronometry values have uncertainty of measurement due to the uncertainty factors in the estimation process. These uncertainties should be calculated using appropriate evaluation methods that are representative of the accuracy and reliability. The IAEA, US, and EU have been researched on radiochronometry and uncertainty of measurement, although the uncertainty calculation method using the Bateman equation is limited by the underestimation of the decay constant and the impossibility of estimating the age of more than one generation, so it is necessary to conduct uncertainty calculation research using computer simulation such as Monte Carlo method. This highlights the need for research using computational simulations, such as the Monte Carlo method, to overcome these limitations. In this study, we have analyzed mathematical models and the LHS (Latin Hypercube Sampling) methods to enhance the reliability of radiochronometry which is to develop an uncertainty algorithm for nuclear material radiochronometry using Bateman Equation. We analyzed the LHS method, which can obtain effective statistical results with a small number of samples, and applied it to algorithms that are Monte Carlo methods for uncertainty calculation by computer simulation. This was implemented through the MATLAB computational software. The uncertainty calculation model using mathematical models demonstrated characteristics based on the relationship between sensitivity coefficients and radiative equilibrium. Computational simulation random sampling showed characteristics dependent on random sampling methods, sampling iteration counts, and the probability distribution of uncertainty factors. For validation, we compared models from various international organizations, mathematical models, and the Monte Carlo method. The developed algorithm was found to perform calculations at an equivalent level of accuracy compared to overseas institutions and mathematical model-based methods. To enhance usability, future research and comparisons·validations need to incorporate more complex decay chains and non-homogeneous conditions. The results of this study can serve as foundational technology in the nuclear forensics field, providing tools for the identification of signature nuclides and aiding in the research, development, comparison, and validation of related technologies.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide implications for the demonstration and the spread of smart cities. For this, the European Lighthouse project, a well-known smart city initiative, is analyzed. This article investigates agendas, applied solutions, stakeholders and cooperation, and expansion strategies in the 18 Lighthouse projects implemented by the EIP-SCC Smart City Demonstration Project. Four implications are discussed for Korean smart city projects. First, in promoting smart cities, clear philosophies and principles should be established in response to global issues such as climate change. Second, smart cities should be understood as the approaches for problem-solving rather than simply applying advanced technology. Third, a business system should be established in a way to meet the needs of the actors participating in the smart city demonstration project. Finally, an evaluation framework should be established to verify the performance of the project. High-performing best-practice projects should be supported by articulating their standards for their lessons to be spread into other cities. The implications presented here can contribute to developing smart city models along with follow-up studies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.49-59
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• 2024

In this paper, we examine the impact of XAI explanations on user satisfaction and cognitive load according to the risk levels defined in the EU AI Act. XAI aims to make the internal processes of complex AI models understandable to humans and is widely used in both academia and industry. The importance and value of XAI are continuously rising; however, there has been little research determining the necessary level of explanation according to AI system risk levels. To address this gap, we designed an experiment with 120 participants, divided into 8 groups, each exposed to one of four levels of explainability(XAI) within low-risk and high-risk financial AI systems. A quantitative approach was used to measure cognitive load, user satisfaction, mental effort, and the clarity of the material design across the different AI system interfaces. The results indicate that the amount of information in explanations significantly affects cognitive load and user satisfaction, depending on the risk level. However, the impact of the level of explanation on user satisfaction was mediated by the material design, which determined how easily the information was understood. This research provides practical, regulatory, and academic contributions by offering guidelines for determining the necessary level of explanation based on AI system risk levels.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.539-549
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of 3 implant impression methods by using strain gauge. The models used for this study were partially edentulous mandibular acrylic resin casts Model A, with two abutment analogs in #46,47 extraction site, represented two implant parallel to to the adjacent natural tooth. Model B represent an anterior implant parallel to the adjacene natural tooth and a posterior implant exhibiting a 15-degree lingual inclination. Master framework were fabricated on the master model, and 3 strain gauges were attached to a master framwork to determine the passivity of fit of the framework to sample casts made by the three impression techniques. The master framework was attached to each sample cast with gold screws, which were tightened with the torque driver to ensure a consistent toque application of 10 Ncm. Universal Digital Measuring System UCAM-5BT was used for strain measuring. Impression techniques studid were : 1. unsplinted tapered impression coping, polyvinyl siloxane, stock tray 2. unsplinted squared impression coping, polyether, custom tray 3. squared impression coping splinted with Duralay resin, polyether, custom tray Through analysis on data from this study, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. There were no statistically significant differences between the mean strain recorded from the sample casts made with the tree impression. But only strain values of model A(parallel group) Y-axis was signifcantly differed between Technique 1 and 3(P<0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant difference between model A(parallel group) and model B(15-degree divergent group).

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2010

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Although the causative factors of PD remain elusive, many studies on PD animal models or humans suggest that glial activation along with neuroinflammatory processes contribute to the initiation or progression of PD. Additionally, several groups have proposed that dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) combined with infiltration of peripheral immune cells play important roles in the degeneration of DA neurons. However, these neuroinflammatory events have only been investigated separately, and the issue of whether these phenomena are neuroprotective or neurotoxic remains controversial. We here review the current knowledge regarding the functions of these neuroinflammatory processes in the brain. Finally, we describe therapeutic strategies for the regulation of neuroinflammation with the goal of improving the symptoms of PD.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2013

A grid-based configuration of Land Surface Models (LSMs) coupled with a climate model can be advantageous in impact assessment of climate change for a large scale area. We assessed the applicability of Common Land Model (CoLM) to runoff and land surface temperature (LST) simulations at the domain that encompasses the Nakdong river basin. To establish a high resolution model configuration of a $1km{\times}1km$ grid size, both surface boundary condition and atmospheric inputs from the observed weather data in 2009 were adjusted to the same resolution. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) was collected from MODerate esolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the downward short wave flux was produced by a nonstationary multi-site weather state model. Compared with the observed runoffs at the stations on Nakdong river, simulated runoffs properly responded to rainfall. The spatial features and the seasonal variations of the domain fairly well were captured in the simulated LSTs as well. The monthly and seasonal trend of LST were described well compared to the observations, however, the monthly averaged simulated LST exceeded the observed up to $2^{\circ}C$ at the 24 stations. From the results of our study, it is shown that high resolution LSMs can be used to evaluate not only quantity but also quality of water resources as it can capture the geographical features of the area of interest and its rainfall-runoff response.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.6 s.78
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• pp.155-165
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• 2005

The pupose of this study is to investigate the effect of irrational relationship beliefs on marital duality of married men and women and to find out what sub-scales of irrational relationship beliefs have effect on marital quality. The data were collected from 301 married men and 302 married women living with their unmarried children in the metropolitan area around Seoul. All the respondents were asked to answer the self-reporting questionnaires. The analysis includes frequencies, means, 1-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, and hierarchical multiple regression models. the major findings are as follows. 1) The level of irrational relationship beliefs is below the average, and the married women show slightly higher level of irrational relationship beliefs than the men. On the other hand, the level of marital quality of the married men and women is slightly above the average with no difference between the men and the women. 2) In the case of the married men, the sub-scales of irrational relationship beliefs that have significantly negative effect on the marital quality are 'partners cannot change', 'disagreement is destructive,' and 'sexes are different' 3) In the case of the married women, the sub-scales of irrational relationship beliefs that have significantly negative effect on the marital quality are 'partners cannot change' and 'disagreement is destructive' According to the result of this study, irrational relationship beliefs have negative effect on marital quality. However, the effect of each sub-scales shows slight differences in gender. The finding of this study suggests that a promoting marital promoting marital qualify by reducing the irrational relationship beliefs should take the gender differences into consideration.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.125-132
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• 2021

Rapid growth of the higher education role in ensuring the socio-economic and innovative development of the national economy in the context of the development of the information society and the knowledge economy is observed. Achieving positive synergistic effects of the higher education development requires proper funding for university education and research. The existing funding models for national higher education systems in a number of developing countries need modernization in accordance with the modern challenges of economic and innovative development. The purpose of the article is to formulate theoretical - methodological and applied foundations for the development and implementation of the integrated model of the higher education financing under the Quadruple Helix concept. At the center of the developed model are the areas of interaction identified by the authors, namely: Personnel, Science, Management, Innovation, Social area. This made it possible to specify the interests of all stakeholders and orient the activities of higher education institutions to the satisfaction of these interests. Effective implementation of the integrated Model of the higher education financing requires increasing the level of investment attractiveness and practical value of university research; activation of innovative development of enterprises; state stimulation of business participation in university research and education; harmonization of current legislation with EU standards. Implementation of the Model will diversify sources of funding for universities, increase their level of economic security and achieve integrated synergies from the interaction of universities, business, government and the public (as the main stakeholders within the Quadruple Helix concept).

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.11-28
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• 2019

Governments are increasing energy efficiency in buildings through various policies to reduce building energy consumption. In 2002, the European Union adopted a building energy performance guideline to set minimum efficiency standards for residential and commercial buildings. Starting in 2020, all EU member states should ensure that all buildings are Near-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB). In Korea, the government issued a zero-energy certification system. Since 2020, public buildings are required to cover energy consumption with the energy produced in buildings. As the demand for building energy simulation has increased to increase the energy efficiency of these buildings, the International Standard Organization (ISO) has created a standard for calculating building energy requirements called ISO 13790. This standard was revised to ISO 52016 in 2017. In this research, ISO 13790, which calculates the energy needs of existing buildings, and ISO 52016, which replaces them, are compared and analyzed, and applied to the calculation of heating energy needs of buildings. For models without thermal zoning(Case A), the difference in annual heating energy needs calculated from each criterion is $1.08kWh/m^2$, which is about 2% higher in ISO 52016. In the case of the thermal zoning model(Case B), the difference in annual heating energy needs calculated by each standard was $0.97kWh/m^2$, which was about 2% higher than ISO 52016. The heating energy needs model without thermal zoning has a higher energy needs than the heating energy needs model with thermal zoning. It is about 16% energy at $8.58kWh/m^2$ for ISO 13790 and $8.69kWh/m^2$ for ISO 52016.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4983-4988
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• 2013

Objectives: To establish a taxol-resistant cell line of human ovarian carcinoma (A2780/Taxol) and investigate its biological features. Methods: The drug-resistant cell line (A2780/Taxol) was established by continuous stepwise selection with increasing concentrations of Taxol. Cell morphology was assessed by microscopy and growth curves were generated with in vitro and in vivo tumor xenograft models. With rhodamine123 (Rh123) assays, cell cycle distribution and the apoptotic rate were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Drug resistance-related and signal associated proteins, including P-gp, MRPs, caveolin-1, PKC-${\alpha}$, Akt, ERK1/2, were detected by Western blotting. Results: A2780/Taxol cells were established with stable resistance to taxol. The drug resistance index (RI) was 430.7. Cross-resistance to other drugs was also shown, but there was no significant change to radioresistance. Compared with parental cells, A2780/Taxol cells were significantly heteromorphous, with a significant delay in population doubling time and reduced uptake of Rh123 (p<0.01). In vivo, tumor take by A2780 cells was 80%, and tumor volume increased gradually. In contrast, with A2780/Taxol cells in xenograft models there was no tumor development. FCM analysis revealed that A2780/Taxol cells had a higher percentage of G0/G1 and lower S phase, but no changes of G2 phase and the apoptosis rate. Expression of P-gp, MRP1, MRP2, BCRP, LRP, caveolin-1, PKC-${\alpha}$, Phospho-ERK1/2 and Phospho-JNK protein was significantly up-regulated, while Akt and p38 MARK protein expression was not changed in A2780/Taxol cells. Conclusion: The A2780/Taxol cell line is an ideal model to investigate the mechanism of muti-drug resistance related to overexpression of drug-resistance associated proteins and activation of the PKC-${\alpha}/ERK$ (JNK) signaling pathway.