• 21st centry Political Science Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.105-124
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• 2018

In March 2017, the British Parliament voted in favor of the British government in response to a 51.9% approval for the EU withdrawal (Brexit) of about 72% of total voters in the referendum held in the UK in June 2016 (EU Referendum) Passed a bill granting EU withdrawal notification powers. In the case of the UK, EU exports accounted for 44% of the total EU exports in 2016, and the EU exports to the UK accounted for about 8% of the total exports. The UK government was burdened with the need to coordinate differences between the 27 EU member states with different interests by country or industry. Therefore, the existing research on the UK's negotiation process of the Brexit is relatively concerned with the economic aspects. In this paper, however, we examine the EU's common foreign and security policy in addition to the economic sector, We will look through the negotiation process with the focus of foreign security policy areas.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-110
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• 2023

The purpose of this research is to explore the relation between Brexit and division in various areas within the British society. This research can lead to understanding how division of the British society and the decision of Brexit was mutually influenced. The UK's withdrawal from the EU has been explained mainly through the relations between the EU and the UK; therefore, issues of immigration, EU regulation, and the UK's EU rebate are considered as major reasons. In addition, 'British identity' or 'British exceptionalism' existing in the British society and politics for a long time has been regarded as a reason for Brexit. Although it is generally accepted that Brexit results in the division in the British society, the reasons mentioned above have limitation to explain the result of referendum and the division of the British society in the post-Brexit era. In this sense, this research explores the division in various areas - generation, social grade including income and education level, value and region, etc. - revealed in the British society is not the result of Brexit; rather, this research argues division deeply rooted in the British society before referendum is the root cause of Brexit. The division in various areas immanent in the British society for a long time is complicatedly intertwined, and the decision on Brexit by referendum has led to solidifying the division of the British society. Having considered this division in the British society has been expanded to rancour, it is necessary for the UK to establish appropriate policies for national cohesion.