• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 2018

When a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) system is introduced into a distribution system, the customer's voltage may exceed the allowable limit ($220V{\pm}6%$) due to voltage variations and reverse power flow in the PV system. In order to solve this problem, we propose a method for adjusting the customer voltage using the existing step voltage regulator (SVR) installed in the primary feeder. However, due to the characteristics of a mechanically operating SVR, the customer voltage during the tap changing time of the SVR is likely to deviate from the allowable limit. In this paper, an energy storage system (ESS) with optimal operation strategies, and an appropriate capacity calculation algorithm are proposed, and the parallel driving scheme between the SVR and the ESS is also proposed to solve the customer voltage problem that may occur during the tap changing time of the SVR. The simulation results show that the allowable limit of the customer voltage is verified by the proposed methods during the tap changing time of the SVR when the large-scale PV system is connected to the distribution system.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.981-987
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we estimate the economic benefits of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) for peak load shaving in an urban railway substation using the annual cost. The annual investment cost of ESSs is estimated using Net Present Value (NPV) and compared with the cost reduction of electricity by the ESS. The optimal capacities of the battery and Power Converting System (PCS) are determined for peak load shaving. The optimal capacity of the ESS and the peak load shaving is determined to maximize the profit by the ESS. The proposed method was applied to real load data in an urban railway substation, and the results show that electric power costs can be reduced. Other aspects of the ESS, such as the lifetime and unit price of the battery, are also investigated economically.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.344-349
• /
• 2013

Energy storage system is an energy reservoir which can store the electrical energy produced by the power plant into the chemical energy at the time whenever it needs to use. Accordingly, the energy storage system can help to improve the energy utilization efficiency and the stabilization of the power supply system. In addition, it can cope with the issues of carbon dioxide reduction and depletion of fossil fuel. Lead-acid battery in the secondary battery fields is one of the most developed technologies. It is also economical, reliable storage device. Therefore, the instantiation case of energy storage system using lead-acid battery was investigated for the reference studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.582-589
• /
• 2009

The energy generated by braking vehicle would simply be converted into waste heat by its braking resistors if no other vehicle is accelerating at exactly the same time. Up to 45% of the tractive power of vehicles capable of returning energy to the power supply can be regenerated during braking and that this energy can be used to feed vehicles which are accelerating at the same time. Such synchronized braking and accelerating can not be coordinated, the ESS(energy storage system, here after) stores the energy generated during braking and discharges it again when a vehicle accelerates. The ESS is able to store and discharge energy extremely quickly, consequently enabling a complete exchange of energy between vehicles, even if they are not braking and accelerating at precisely the same time, as is most frequently the case in everyday service. The energy saving rate is related to the headway. If the headway is long/short, the energy saving goes up/down, When the headway is short, the ESS can not save much regenerative energy. The headway of SeoulMetro line 2 as the worst case is very short in Korea urban transit system. So, the energy saving rate will be very low. If the ESSs are applied to another railway system, we can expect that the effectiveness is better than the results of SeoulMetro line 2. This paper presents effects of energy saving obtained by applying the ESS to SeoulMetro line 2.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.380-386
• /
• 2020

The ESS load test device (ELTD) can store and exchange electrical energy during the load test of an emergency generator. On the other hand, it is difficult to commercialize ELTDs based on Li-ion batteries because of the high initial cost, which is higher than a load bank test. If the trade of electrical energy stored in ELTD during the test of an emergency generator is considered, it may be possible to commercialize the ELTD. Therefore, this paper proposes an economic model of ELTD composed of the costs and benefits by considering electrical energy trade to perform accurately economic evaluations of an ELTD. From the simulation results of the economic evaluations of an ELTD and the load bank method, it was found that the commercialization of ELTD is possible when the trade in electrical energy in ELTDs is considered.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 2012.07a
• /
• pp.503-505
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 실증기능 구현을 위해 75KW로 설계된 리튬-폴리머배터리(Lithium Polymer Battery 이하 배터리)와 ESS(Energy Storage System) 내장형 Hybrid-PCS(이하 PCS)을 이용하여 불균일한 풍력 발전원에 대한 Smoothing 제어 및 정출력 제어 대한 연구를 진행 하였다. 잦은 전류 변동으로 인해 발생되는 출력 변동의 안정화를 위해 인버터 전류제어, 벅/부스트 전압제어 기법을 사용하였다. 최적의 Smoothing 제어를 위한 필터 계수 값을 찾기 위한 시험을 진행 하였으며 Energy shift을 위한 정출력 시험도 진행 하였다. 또한 각 제어 모드에서 ESS 중요 파라미터인 SOC(State Of Charge 이하 SOC)변화를 배터리 특성과 관련하여 분석해 보았다.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.444-450
• /
• 2013

This paper presents the criteria for setting the dynamic operating mode of BESS(Battery Energy Storage System) in the bulk power systems. ESS has been expected to improve the degraded dynamic performance of the power system with high penetration of the renewable resources. While ESS is controlled in steady state or dynamic operating mode for its better effectiveness depending on the operating conditions of power systems, the criteria for setting the dynamic operating mode for the transient period needs to be robust enough to cover all the different conditions. The proposed criteria consider the varying conditions and the operating practices of the bulk power systems.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2015.07a
• /
• pp.599-600
• /
• 2015

This paper presents study of recloser operation in distribution system with Energy Storage System(ESS). However, interconnecting of ESS influence power flow and increasing/decreasing of fault current. Recloser provides stability of system and improves power transmitting ability by reclosing in fault current. The single-line to ground fault current simulated by Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). The simulation is implemented for the three different situations about by using EMTP MODELS.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.433-441
• /
• 2020

This study proposes a constant power tracking algorithm to compensate for the intermittent characteristics of Photovoltaic connected to a DC micro grid. A PV-ESS integrated module in which distributed ESS is additionally connected is utilized for the proposed algorithm. PV performs P&O MPPT control at all times. To supplement the intermittent characteristics of PV, the proposed constant power tracking algorithm maintains constant power by operating the distributed ESS of the PV-ESS integrated module in accordance with the output state of the PV. By performing PSIM simulation and an experiment, this study verifies the performance of the integrated module of PV-ESS for DC micro grids applying the constant power tracking algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.26-37
• /
• 2019

Recently, standardization of installation progress and technology of site acceptance test(SAT) for energy storage system(ESS) are being required due to performance of ESS depending on working condition and environment even though the quality and safety of each component of ESS　is guaranteed. And also, it has been required to perform not only performance testing by H/W equipments but also performance verification by S/W tool, in order to more accurately and reliably validate the performance of the ESS in advanced countries. Therefore, this paper proposes evaluation algorithm for SAT to evaluate performance of ESS and presents modeling of SAT test equipment for ESS by using PSCAD/EMTDC. Furthermore, 30[kW] scaled portable test equipments is implemented based on the proposed algorithm and modeling. From the various simulation and test results, it is confirmed that performance of ESS related to characteristics of capacity and Round-trip efficiency, Duty-cycle efficiency, low voltage ride through(LVRT) and Anti-islanding can be accurately evaluated and that the simulation results of PSCAD/EMTDC are identical to test results of 30[kW] test equipment.