• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2023

농촌 지역 노인들은 거주 환경이 열악하고 사회성이 떨어지며 노후지식이 부족한 곤경에 직면하고 있다. 이와 더불어 부족한 사회보장시설 및 의료시설의 문제로 인해 농촌에 거주하는 노인들의 자살률은 도시보다 훨씬 높다. 편안한 지역사회 환경을 통해 농촌 지역 노인들이 긍정적인 마음을 가지고 이를 통해 날로 심각해지는 고령화 문제를 해결하기 위해서 연구자는 간쑤성 톄러우향(甘肅省鐵樓鄕) 바이마장족(白馬藏族) 노인들의 지역사회 환경을 연구대상으로 하여 지역사회 환경의 개선 방안을 연구했다. 선행연구로써 농촌 지역사회 환경의 고령친화적 개선에 대한 연구를 살펴보고 이를 통해 이론적 배경으로써 ERG 이론을 본 연구의 이론적 근거로 삼았다. 연구방법으로써 현지 조사 및 인터뷰를 통해 바이마장족 거주 지역의 독거노인 수를 조사하고 국가 표준을 근거로 분류했다. 그리고 노인들의 현재사회 환경 현황이 드러난 사진을 수집하고 이를 통해 파악된 문제를 종합했다. 마지막으로 ERG 이론의 세가지 욕구인 생존 욕구, 관계 욕구, 성장 욕구의 세 가지 측면에서 노인들의 지역사회 환경을 분석하고 이에 대한 고령친화적 개선 방안을 마련했다. 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회 환경의 고령친화적 개선을 통해 노인의 생활환경, 사회성 및 생존력을 향상 시키며 이를 통해 노인들의 노후 생활에 즐거움을 더하는 데에 있다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2000

은어의 자성발생 2배체를 유도하기 위해 자외선에 의한 정자의 유전적 불활성화 및 수정 난의 제 2감수분열과 제 1난할을 저지하기 위한 조건을 검토했다. 정자에 3,000~14,000 erg의 자외선을 조사하였는데 그 결과 3,000 erg를 조사한 시험구에서 89.3%의 높은 생존율을 보였으나 선량이 증가될수록 생존율이 저하했으며 7,000 erg의 자외선을 조사했을 때 생존율이 다시 회복되었다. 따라서 은어의 자성발생 2배체 유도시 정자를 유전적으로 불활성화시키기 위해서는 7,000 erg가 최적 선량인 것으로 나타났다. 제 2극체 방출 저지형 자성발생 2배체를 유도하기 위해서는 자외선을 조사한 정자와 정상 난을 수정 시켜 수정 5~8분 후에 15~30분간 1~2$^{\circ}C$의 저수온 처리를 한 결과 수정 5~5.5분 후에 15~17.5분간 처리한 실험구의 생존율이 비교적 높고 안정적이어서 제 2감수분열 저지를 위한 유효 조건으로 판명되었다. 제 1난할 저지형 자성발생 2배체의 유도를 위해서는 수정 70~95분 후에 수정 난을 30분간 저수온에 처리한 결과 모든 실험구의 생존율이 현저하게 낮아 생존율의 개선을 위해서는 처리방법과 강도에 대한 재검토가 필요하며 또 난 질을 유지시킬 수 있는 방안도 강구되어야 할 것이다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2019

The impact of free cyanide ($CN^-$) and thiocyanate ($SCN^-$) on the $CN^-$ (CDO) and $SCN^-$ degraders (TDO) to nitrify and denitrify aerobically was evaluated under alkaline conditions. The CDO's were able to nitrify under cyanogenic conditions, achieving $NH_4{^+}-N$ removal rates above 1.66 mg $NH_4{^+}-N.L^{-1}.h^{-1}$, except when $CN^-$ and $SCN^-$ loading was 15 mg $CN^-/L$ and 50 mg $SCN^-.L^{-1}$, respectively, which slightly inhibited nitrification. The TDO's were able to achieve a nitrification rate of 1.59 mg $NH_4{^+}-N.L^{-1}.h^{-1}$ in the absence of both $CN^-$ and $SCN^-$, while the presence of $CN^-$ and $SCN^-$ was inhibitory, with a nitrification rates of 1.14 mg $NH_4{^+}-N.L^{-1}.h^{-1}$. The CDO's and TDO's were able to denitrify aerobically, with the CDO's obtaining $NO_3{^-}-N$ removal rates above 0.67 mg $NO_3{^-}-N.L^{-1}.h^{-1}$, irrespective of the tested $CN^-$ and $SCN^-$ concentration range. Denitrification by the TDO's was inhibited by $CN^-$, achieving a removal rate of 0.46 mg $NO_3{^-}-N.L^{-1}.h^{-1}$ and 0.22 mg $NO_3{^-}-N.L^{-1}.h^{-1}$ when $CN^-$ concentration was 10 and 15 mg $CN^-.L^{-1}$, respectively. However, when the CDO's and TDO's were co-cultured, the nitrification and aerobic denitrification removal rates were 1.78 mg $NH_4{^+}-N.L^{-1}.h^{-1}$ and 0.63 mg $NO_3{^-}-N.L^{-1}.h^{-1}$ irrespective of $CN^-$ and $SCN^-$ concentrations.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.234-247
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• 2021

We used a heterozygous gene deletion library of fission yeasts comprising all essential and non-essential genes for a microarray screening of target genes of the antifungal terbinafine, which inhibits ergosterol synthesis via the Erg1 enzyme. We identified 14 heterozygous strains corresponding to 10 non-essential [7 ribosomal-protein (RP) coding genes, spt7, spt20, and elp2] and 4 essential genes (tif302, rpl2501, rpl31, and erg1). Expectedly, their erg1 mRNA and protein levels had decreased compared to the control strain SP286. When we studied the action mechanism of the non-essential target genes using cognate haploid deletion strains, knockout of SAGA-subunit genes caused a down-regulation in erg1 transcription compared to the control strain ED668. However, knockout of RP genes conferred no susceptibility to ergosterol-targeting antifungals. Surprisingly, the RP genes participated in the erg1 transcription as components of repressor complexes as observed in a comparison analysis of the experimental ratio of erg1 mRNA. To understand the action mechanism of the interaction between the drug and the novel essential target genes, we performed isobologram assays with terbinafine and econazole (or cycloheximide). Terbinafine susceptibility of the tif302 heterozygous strain was attributed to both decreased erg1 mRNA levels and inhibition of translation. Moreover, Tif302 was required for efficacy of both terbinafine and cycloheximide. Based on a molecular modeling analysis, terbinafine could directly bind to Tif302 in yeasts, suggesting Tif302 as a potential off-target of terbinafine. In conclusion, this genome-wide screening system can be harnessed for the identification and characterization of target genes under any condition of interest.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2014

A systematic comparison of the physicochemical properties of white ginseng (WG), extruded white ginseng (EWG), red ginseng (RG), and extruded red ginseng (ERG) was performed. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of the physicochemical properties of ginseng by extrusion cooking. The highest value of the water absorption index (WAI) was 3.64 g/g obtained from EWG, and the highest value of the water solubility index (WSI) was 45.27% obtained from ERG. The ERG had a better dispersibility compared with other samples. Extrusion cooking led to a significant increase in acidic polysaccharide and total sugar content but resulted in a decrease in crude fat and reducing sugar contents. Enzyme treatment led to a sharp increase in acidic polysaccharide content, especially the cellulose enzyme. Extrusion cooking led to a significant increase in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power, and the increases in WG and RG were 13.56% (0.038) and 3.56% (0.026), respectively. The data of this study provide valuable information about the effects of extrusion on quality changes of EWG and ERG.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

Zinc plays a key role in genetic expression, cell division, and cell growth and is essential for the functions of more than 450 metalloenzyme. There are high concentrations of zinc in pigment epithelium in bullfrog eye. Zinc deficiency causes night blindness and abnormal dark adaptation. The purpose of this study was to identify ERG (electroretinogram) b-wave sensitivity during light and dark adaptation in bullfrog retina after zinc and zinc chelators treatment such as histidine and TSQ (N-(6-methoxy-8-qunolyl)-p-toluenesulfon amide). Especially, we focused whether histidine act as a zinc chelator in the Muller cell. The results of our study are summarized as follows: 1) Both zinc and histidine elevated ERG b-wave amplitude and threshold in Muller cells by accelerating rhodopsin regeneration time and increased a-peak absorbance during light adaptation. 2) TSQ reduced those by prolonging rhodopsin regeneration time and decrement of a-peak absorbance during light adaptation. 3) Zinc shortened rhodopsin regeneration time and prolonged a-peak absorbance. These results suggested that histidine may act as a zinc-mediated transporter in presynaptic Muller cell membrane rather than zinc chelator and acts as a GABA-receptor inhibitor which blocks $Cl^-$ influx to the postsynapse.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4935-4938
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• 2012

In this study we evaluated the frequency of fusion between TMPRSS2 and ETS family members (ERG, ETV1, ETV4) in prostate cancers in patients from northern China in order to explore differences in fusion rates among regions in northern and southern China, other parts of Asia, Europe, and North America. We examined 100 prostate cancer patients, diagnosed by means of prostate biopsy; fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the expression of TMPRSS2, ERG, ETV1 and ETV4 in cancer tissue. Differences in gene fusion rates among different ethnics groups were also analyzed. Of the 100 prostate cancer patients, 55 (55%) had the fusion gene. Among the patients with the fusion gene, 46 (83.6%) patients had the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion product, 8 (14.8%) patients had TMPRSS2:ETV1 fusion, 1 (1.6%) patient had TMPRSS2:ETV4.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.215-217
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• 2009

Sixty four samples of cocoa beans replicated in quadruplicates were collected from five warehouses from southwest Nigeria and examined for fungal loads, ergosterol and eohratoxin A The levels of all the variables obtained were further used as indices for cocoa grading into food quality, FoQ (erg < 5 mg/kg; OTA < $1{\mu}g$/kg), feed quality, FeQ (erg = $5{\sim}10\;mg$/kg; OTA in the range of $1.1{\sim}3.11{\mu}g$/kg), Screen for mycotoxin, SFM (erg = $10{\sim}20\;mg$/kg; OTA from $3.12{\mu}g$/kg and above) with fuel quality, FuQ having erg > 20 mg/kg and OTA > $6.12{\mu}g$/kg. Using these ergosterol indices, 18.75% of the cocoa beans examined was classified with the FoQ, 18.75% with the FuQ while 31.25% was classified with both the FeQ and the SFM, respectively. In conclusion, ergosterol can be used as a rapid index to grade fermented, dried cocoa beans meant for export.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.528-532
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• 1995

Ferromagnetic resonance experiments have been used to investigate the magnetic properties of amorphous $Co_{89.5}Zr_{10.5}$ thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering method. In the thickness range from $350\;{\AA}$ to $3,200\;{\AA}$, measurements were carried out in a static magnetic field perpendicular and parallel to the film plane and in a conventional 9.44 GHz spectrometer at room temperature. The ferromagnetic resonance spectra by the field perpendicular to the film plane showed standing spin wave. The spacing and the relative intensities between the various spin wave resonance peaks are analysed considering surface magnetic anisotropy. The surface magnetic anisotropy constant ($K_{so},\;K_{sd}$) of amorphous $Co_{89.5}Zr_{10.5}$ thin films are $0.02\;erg/\textrm{cm}^2$ and $0.55\;erg/\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively regardless of the film thickness except for $3,200\;{\AA}$ film. In case of $3,200\;{\AA}$ these values are $0.46\;erg/\textrm{cm}^2$ and $0.55\;erg/\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2022

Background: Since ginsenosides exert an anti-thrombotic activity, blood flow-improving effects of DK-MGAR101, an extract of mountain ginseng adventitious roots (MGAR) containing various ginsenosides, were investigated in comparison with an extract of Korean Red Ginseng (ERG). Methods: In Sprague-Dawley rats orally administered with DK-MGAR101 or ERG, oxidative carotid arterial thrombosis was induced with FeCl₃ (35%), and their blood flow and occlusion time were measured. To elucidate underlying mechanisms, the cytoprotective activities on rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were confirmed. In addition, the inhibitory activities of DK-MGAR101 and ERG on agonist-induced platelet aggregation, thromboxane B₂ production, and ATP granule release from stimulated platelets as well as blood coagulation were analyzed. Results: DK-MGAR101 containing high concentrations of Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 ginsenosides (55.07 mg/g) was more effective than ERG (ginsenosides 8.45 mg/g) in protecting RAOECs against H₂O₂ cytotoxicity. DK-MGAR101 was superior to ERG not only in suppressing platelet aggregation, thromboxane B₂ production, and granule release, but also in delaying blood coagulation, FeCl₃-induced arterial occlusion, and thrombus formation. Conclusions: The results indicate that DK-MGAR101 prevents blood vessel occlusion by suppressing platelet aggregation, thrombosis, and blood coagulation, in addition to endothelial cell injury.