• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) has been used to establish environmental quality standards or evaluate ecological risk in site-specific areas. The scope of ERA was expanded based on regions, and the concept of regional-scale ecological risk assessment was recently introduced in developed countries. In the present study, regional ERA approaches of relative risk model (RRM), contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (CATS) model, and procedure for ecological tired assessment of risks (PETAR) in advanced countries were extensively investigated. Regional ERA was compared with traditional ERA process. Stressors, receptor and response in traditional ERA were replaced with sources of stressors, habitats, and ecological impacts, respectively in regional ERA. This study introduces the concept and assessment process of regional ERA, and provides a wide perspective how the relative ERA could be applied in Korean ecosystem.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.460-470
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the expectations regarding aging(ERA-12) among middle-aged and elderly women. Methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey which used a self-report questionnaire. A convenience sampling method was utilized, and data on 298 middle-aged and elderly women were collected. Korean version of ERA-12 was articulated through forward-backward translation methods. Internal consistency reliability, construct and criterion validity were analyzed using PASW WIN (20.0) for testing the use of Korean version of ERA-12. Results: ERA-12 consisted of three factors - expectations regarding physical health, mental health and cognitive function, explaining 56.0% of the total variance in ERA-12. The ERA-12 total score showed positive correlation with RSES (r=.33). The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .81 for the overall instrument and .68-.73 for three factors. Conclusion: Korean version of ERA-12 has high validity and reliability. Therefore, this instrument may be utilized to assess expectations regarding aging for Korean middle-aged and elderly women.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

The investigation on reliability of ERA-Interim reanalysis wind data was conducted using wind data from the five met masts measured at inland and coastal areas, Jeju island. Shinchang, Handong, Udo, Susan and Cheongsoo sites were chosen for the met mast location. ERA-Interim reanalysis data at onshore and offshore twenty points over Jeju Island were analyzed for creating Wind Statistics using WindPRO software. Reliability of ERA-Interim reanalysis wind data was assessed by comparing the statistics from the met mast wind data with those predicted at the interest point using the Wind Statistics. The relative errors were calculated for annual average wind speed and annual energy production. In addition, the trend of the error was analyzed with distance from met mast. As a result, ERA-Interim reanalysis wind data was more suitable for offshore wind resource assessment than onshore.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.77-105
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• 2021

In order to establish a digital-based use environment for the provision of new information services suitable for the 5G era, it is necessary to discuss the direction of service provision by the National Library of Children and Young Adults in the 5G era. Based on utilization services in other fields, library services in the 5G era, including the development and provision of employee education and training services, ultra-high-definition and 360-degree realistic contents and education on library use, provision of multi-dimensional realistic media streaming broadcasting services, provision of telepresence education programs, activation of virtual communities, implementation of hologram performance halls/exhibit centers, and provision of unmanned book delivery services, environment monitoring, safety monitoring, and customized services, were proposed. In addition, based on 5G service, 5G technology, and library application direction, advancing into a producing and supporting base for ultra-realistic and immersive contents in the 5G era, strengthening online and mobile services in the non-contact era, and establishing a smart library environment were proposed as the service provision direction for the National Library of Children and Young Adults in the 5G era.

• 대기
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.649-663
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• 2016

This study investigates eddy transports in terms of space and time for momentum, heat, and moisture, emphasizing comparison of the results in three reanalysis data sets including ERA-Interim from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), NCEP2 from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and the Department of Energy (NCEP-DOE), and JRA-55 from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) during boreal winter. The magnitudes for eddy transports of momentum in ERA-Interim are represented as the strongest value in comparison of three data sets, which may be mainly come from that both zonal averaged meridional and zonal wind tend to follow the hierarchy of ERA-Interim, NCEP2, and JRA-55. Whereas in relation to heat and moisture eddy transports, those of NCEP2 are the strongest, implying that zonal averaged air temperature (specific humidity) tend to follow the raking of NCEP2, ERA-Interim, and JRA-55 (NCEP2, JRA-55, and ERA-Interim), except that transient eddy transports for heat in ERA-Interim are the strongest involving both meridional wind and air temperature. The stationary and transient eddy transports in the context of space and time correlation, and intensity of standard deviation demonstrate that the correlation (intensity of standard deviation) influence the structure (magnitude) of eddy transports. The similarity between ERA-Interim and NCEP2 (ERA-Interim and JRA-55) of space correlation (time correlation) closely resembles among three data sets. A resemblance among reanalysis data sets of space correlation is larger than that of time correlation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2020

Recently, a variety of modeling studies have been conducted to examine the air quality over South Korea during the Korea - United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign period (May 1 to June 10, 2016). This study investigates the impact of different meteorological initializations on atmospheric modeling results. We conduct several simulations during the KORUS-AQ period using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with two different initial datasets, which is FNL of NCEP and ERA5 of ECMWF. Comparing the raw initial data, ERA5 showed better accuracy in the temperature, wind speed, and mixing ratio fields than those of NCEP-FNL. On the other hand, the results of WRF simulations with ERA5 showed better accuracy in the simulated temperature and mixing ratio than those with FNL, except for wind speed. Comparing the nudging efficiency of temperature and wind speed fields, the grid nudging effect on the FNL simulation was larger than that on the ERA5 simulation, but the results of mixing ratio field was the opposite. Overall, WRF simulation with ERA5 data showed a better performance for temperature and mixing ratio simulations than that with FNL data. For wind speed simulation, however, WRF simulation with FNL data indicated more accurate results compared to that with ERA5 data.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.113-125
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• 1998

This study has resulted in the followings applying costume's form and meaning to the theory of structuralism established by Saussure and the extensive and contained meanings of Roland Barthes. The kinds of woman's costume of the Romanesque era were not various, but those of the royal family and aristocratic class were more various and decorated better than the lowly persons. So their social levels could be differed by the forms of the costume they wore. Each form of costume was differed according to the structural elements and showed the feature that the form is the costume of the era and social position's differences of the wearers' sexes, levels, and vocations in the same era. Costume's analistic body was the costume's form selected according to the central analystic elements, this showed the meaning of the era's levels and classes, that is, the costume's structure was reflected by the era's features. In the structure of the woman's costume in the Romanesque era, many religious features were emphasized and the elements forming each analystic body were classified and meant the society's features. (Korean J Human Ecology l(1) : 113∼125, 1998)

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

현대 사회는 사물인터넷, 빅데이타 등으로 급속하게 발전하고 있으며 코로나 시대에도 발전하는 산업이 있다. 그러나, 교회는 코로나 시대에 발전하지 못하고 충분히 대응하지 못하고 있으며 교회의 존립 자체를 흔들고 있다. 교회의 본질은 예배, 전도, 교육, 봉사, 교제로 구성된다. 비대면의 안전을 중요시하는 코로나 시대에는 본질은 변화하지 않지만 사회적 책임감이 있게 교회의 본질을 구현하는 노력이 필요하다. 본 논문은 이러한 측면에서 교회의 5대 본질 요소를 중심으로 교회의 사회적 책임을 논한다. 이를 위해 교회의 본질적 요소를 살펴보고, 코로나 시대에 적합한 구현 방법을 연구한다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제39호
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• pp.115-142
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• 2013

본 연구는 해방 이후부터 70년대 말 산업화 시기까지 한국인이 중요시 여겼던 가치가 어떻게 변화하고 있는지 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 두 시기에 대한 구분은 본 연구의 관점에서 볼 때, 한국사회, 혹은 한국인들의 가치체계 변화에 지대한 영향을 미친 역사적 사건을 중심으로 '전환기', '산업화 시기'로 구분하였으며 정치, 경제 및 사회적 요인들을 간략히 살펴봄으로써 시기별 가치를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 목적에 따라 시기별로 나타나는 주요가치와 인재상을 도출하고자 하였을 뿐만 아니라 하나의 가치가 어떻게 변모하고 있는지 탐색하였다. 시기별로 나타나는 주요가치와 인재상은 다음과 같다. 전환기의 주요가 치로는 예의와 규범을 제시하였고, 추구하는 인재상은 무실역행(務實力行)하는 자세가 강조되는 실천적 지식이었다. 산업화 시기의 주요가치로는 성실, 근면, 자조, 협동을 제시하였고, 추구하는 인재상은 경제발전에 필수적이고 강력한 직업능력을 갖춘 기능인이었다. 시기별로 지속적으로 탐색한 가치는 애국심이었다. 전환기의 애국심은 초기에는 전통적 지배구조의 붕괴와 지도자의 부재로 인하여 국가와 민족이 충의 대상이었다면 지도자의 선출과 국가의 건립 이후에는 새로운 지배구조가 형성되어 국가보다는 지도자나 상급자에 대한 충성으로 변모하는 경향을 보였다. 산업화 시기 애국심은 국가경제정책을 충실히 이행하고 반공정신으로 무장하여 북한을 압도하는 통일의지를 가지는 것 등으로 비교적 다른 시기에 비하여 목적성이 매우 뚜렷한 경향을 보였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 포스트코로나 시대를 주도할 교육과 인재양성을 위해 미래 사회를 대비할 수 있는 교육 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 빅데이터 분석을 통해 포스트코로나 인재상을 알아본 후 도출된 포스트코로나 인재상을 바탕으로 전문가 집단의 인터뷰와 델파이 조사를 통해 포스트코로나 시대 도래에 따른 이슈를 도출하고 이를 토대로 '포스트코로나시대 융합인재양성을 위한 정책방향'을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 빅 데이터 분석과 온라인 인터뷰 분석을 통해 융합, ICT 활용 능력, 창의성, 자기주도학습 능력, 리더십을 COVID 19 이후 시대에 인재역량으로 보았다. 둘째, 디지털 교육 시스템의 혁신, 취약계층에 대한 지원, 학급당 학생 수 감소가 새로운 인재육성을 위한 교육 이슈로 보았으며 셋째, COVID 19 이후 시대의 인재 육성에 대한 교육 방향 중 가장 중요한 정책은 융합 인재 양성이었다. 융합은 서로 분리된 것들을 연결함으로써 새로운 가치를 창조하기 때문에 매우 중요한 이슈라고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 포스트코로나 시대를 대비한 인재양성 및 이를 위한 교육, 훈련에 필요한 기반을 마련하고 기초자료를 제시하는데 의의가 있다.