• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.287-298
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• 2022

Indonesia is an agrarian country with the significant development of Shariah banking. This study aimed to estimate the effect of Third Party Funds (TPF), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Exchange Rates (ER), and Bank Indonesia Shariah Certificates (SBIS) on the Sharia Agriculture Sector Financing in Indonesia during 2014-2020. This study used the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique to analyze the data. The coefficient of determination test showed that 99.19% of Sharia financing in the agricultural sector was influenced by TPF, NPF, Exchange Rate, and SBIS variables. The estimation results showed that the variables of TPF and ER significantly affected Sharia Financing for Agricultural Sector (PP). Meanwhile, the NPF and SBIS variables had no significant effect on PP. This research showed the resilience and accuracy of Islamic banking in selecting financing and can support the development of other Islamic financial instruments such as SBIS. Simultaneous test results demonstrated the existence of the estimating model. Because of the character of the Indonesian nation as an agricultural country, this study advised Sharia banking to prioritize the usage of third-party funds from the public for the agricultural industry. Sharia banking also needed to produce Islamic finance products that fit the agriculture business sector's needs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2002

Two types of normal human breast epithelial cells (HBECs) have already been established and characterized. Type I HBECs are deficient in gap junctional intercellular communication and are capable of anchorage-independent growth and of expressing luminal epithelial cell markers, a variant estrogen receptor (ER), and stem cell characteristics.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.59-64
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• 1989

Daylight is regarded by most people as preferred light source for interior lig-hting. With poper design, daylight can save electric lighting during daytime. This paper attemptes to show that bett-er use of daylight might be the balanced use of supplementary artificial lighting at times and places where the natural 1-ighting is inadequate with consequent c-ost and energy saving.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

We have proposed and theoretically verified an optical regenerator using a single semi-reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (SR-SOA). To explain the operation characteristics and the operation condition of the proposed opticalregenerator, the simplified gain model for the SR-SOA is introduced and confirmed by comparing the result of the SOA simulation based on the transfer matrix method (TMM). The simulation results show that both extinction ratio (ER) enhancement and signal amplification can be achieved in the proposed regenerator.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

Purpose : We sought to evaluate enhancement of plaque with gadolinium-based contrast agent by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in comparison with histopathology, namely lipid-rich and macrophage-rich components that were two representative characteristics of plaque vulnerability using atherosclerotic rabbit aorta in order to determine which histopathologic component is relevant to the enhancement. Materials and Methods : New Zealand white rabbit (n=4, weight 3.0 to 3.5 kg, all male) was used for animal model of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic aortic lesions were induced by high-cholesterol diet and double balloon injury. T1-weight axial images were acquired before and after gadolinium-based contrast agent using a 3-T MRI. MR images and the matched histopathological sections (n=35) were divided into 4 quadrants or 3 (n=130). Enhancement ratio (ER, ER=SIpost/SIpre) on MRI was calculated for each quadrant and compared with histopathology in regard to lipid-rich and macrophage-rich areas. Results : Lipid-rich quadrants were 72 and fibrous quadrants were 58. The number of quadrants which had macrophage-rich areas was 105 and that of quadrants which did not have macrophage-rich areas was 25. ER was significantly higher in lipid-rich quadrants than in fibrous quadrants (mean ER 2.25c$\pm$0.41 vs. 2.72$\pm$0.65, p=0.013). ER poorly correlated with macrophage-rich areas when lipid-component was controlled (correlation coefficient -0.203, p=0.236). Conclusion : Lipid-rich plaques showed stronger enhancement than fibrous plaques using a standard gadolinium-based extracellular contrast agent. Macrophage infiltration did not correlate with degree of enhancement. Further study is warranted that account for optimal time of imaging after contrast injection using various plaque models from early to advanced stages and all possible parameters associated with contrast enhancement.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.209-216
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• 2013

RFID/USN, are recognized as the new growth engines for the future, regardless of the advanced and developing countries. RFID, in particular, already entered practical stage by global companies. EPCIS, which is the one of the EPC golabal network components, makes a huge load on the system due to the large amount of entering data by following events. In this study, a data model developed based on ER-WIN by collecting four kind information that occurred in the EPC global networks. This model supports both in processing of high performance and huge capacity of data by a considerable storage capacity and input speed. A simulation was developed in order to verify the performance. Each model tested several times and results were compared.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1991

Nonstoichiometric solid solutions of Sr$_{1+x}Er _{1-x} FeO _{4-y}$ system (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) with layered $K_2NiF_4$ type structure were prepared at 1350$^{\circ}$C under atmospheric pressure. By the analysis of X-ray diffraction, the crystallographic structures of the solid solution of all compositions were found to be pseudo-tetragonal system. Nonstoichiometric chemical formulas have been determined by Mohr salt analysis. It shows that the amount of Fe$^{4+}$ increases with increasing x up to 0.50 and then decreases, and the value of oxygen nonstoichiometry increases with increasing x value. Mixed valency states of Fe$^{3+}$ and Fe$^{4+}$ in the sample were identified again by Mossbauer spectroscopic analysis at 298 K. Electrical conductivity varied within the semiconductivity range of 10-2 ∼ 10-7(${\Omega}$-1cm-1), activation energy for electrical conduction decreased with the increment of the mole ratio of Fe$^{4+}$ or ${\tau}$ value. The conduction mechanism could be explained by the hopping model of the conduction electrons between the valency states of Fe$^{3+}$ and Fe$^{4+}$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.309-318
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• 2015

Alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, its effects on prediabetes or early diabetes have not been studied. We investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pancreas and liver resulting from chronic alcohol consumption in the prediabetes and early stages of diabetes. We separated Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a type-2 diabetic animal model, into two groups based on diabetic stage: prediabetes and early diabetes were defined as occurrence between the ages of 11 to 16 weeks and 17 to 22 weeks, respectively. The experimental group received an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was conducted after 16 and 22 weeks for the prediabetic and early diabetes groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in body weight between the control and ethanol groups. Fasting and 120-min glucose levels were lower and higher, respectively, in the ethanol group than in the control group. In prediabetes rats, alcohol induced significant expression of ER stress markers in the pancreas; however, alcohol did not affect the liver. In early diabetes rats, alcohol significantly increased most ER stress-marker levels in both the pancreas and liver. These results indicate that chronic alcohol consumption increased the risk of diabetes in prediabetic and early diabetic OLETF rats; the pancreas was more susceptible to damage than was the liver in the early diabetic stages, and the adaptive and proapoptotic pathway of ER stress may play key roles in the development and progression of diabetes affected by chronic alcohol ingestion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.252-259
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• 2023

A decrease in ovarian function and sex hormone production with aging results in hormone deficiency, which causes menopause in women. Natural products have been investigated to develop estrogen-like substances to improve menopausal status in women. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of Gastrodia elata Blume extract (TVB-1000) in ovariectomized rats. After a recovery period of 7 days, the TVB-1000 treatment group was orally administered at 16, 40, and 100 mg/kg for 12 weeks. In the OVX-positive control group, 17β-estradiol was injected subcutaneously into the dorsal region of rats at a dose of 10 ㎍/kg. Results show that TG and LDL-C, which are cardiovascular disease markers, were significantly decreased in all concentrations of TVB-1000 administration in the treatment group, and the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio significantly decreased in the medium and high TVB-1000 concentrations of the treatment group. In addition, in the high concentration TVB-1000 treatment group, the weight of abdominal fat decreased with statistical significance. The low-dose and medium-dose administration groups showed statistical significance and the expression level of their ER-α increased, but ER-β did not show a significant change. The above experiment shows that owing to the estrogen-like effect of TVB-1000, it can be useful as a functional food material to prevent cardiovascular disease, which is one of the menopausal symptoms.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.12-26
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Sagunjatang-Gami(SGJT) on uterine and ovarian function in the ovariectomized rat postmenopause model. Methods: SGJT was administered in ovariectomized Wister albino female rats for three month. After that, uterine weight, uterine index, serum estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels and phosphorylation of ERK or AKT, and histological analysis of uterus were measured to assess the impact on uterine and ovarian function in ovariectomized rats. In addition, phosphorylation of $ER{\alpha}$, ERK, AKT by SGJT in MDA-MB-231 cells were measured. To identify safety of SGJT, the cell cytoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells and serum GOT, GPT levels were measured in ovariectomized rats. Results: The results were as follows. 1. SGJT decreased the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 2. The level of serum GOT, GPT in SGJT-treated group showed significant decrease in comparison with control group. 3. Phosphorylation of $ER{\alpha}$, ERK, AKT by SGJT in MDA-MB-231 cells were increased. 4. Uterus index in SGJT-treated group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. The level of serum estradiol-$17{\beta}$ in SGJT-treated group showed significant increase in comparison with control group. Phosphorylation of ERK or AKT by SGJT in the uterus of ovariectomized rats was increased significantly. 5. Uterus index and the level of serum estradiol-$17{\beta}$ in SGJT-treated group increased at higher rates in comparison with estrogen-treated group. Conclusions: Taken together, we suggest that SGJT has been shown to be effective in preventing postmenopausal uterine and ovarian degeneration and curing postmenopausal low estrogen related symptoms.