• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.309-309
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• 2017

EPANET은 U.S. EPA(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 미 환경청)에서 개발한 상수관망 시스템의 수리해석 모의 프로그램으로서, 다양한 상수관망의 설계 및 운영을 모의하기 위해 세계적으로 활발히 활용되고 있다. EPANET 프로그램은 사용자 친화적인 GUI(Graphic User Interface) 환경으로 개발되었으며, 직관적인 네트워크 요소와 폭 넓은 모의 옵션을 제공한다는 장점이 있다. 특히, 상수관망의 실무 및 연구 분야에서는 공학용 분석프로그램과 프로그래밍 언어의 활용이 활발해짐에 따라, 이를 EPANET 프로그램과 연계시킬 수 있는 EPANET Toolkit이 개발되면서 그 활용도는 계속해서 확장될 전망이다. 그러나 지속적인 보완에도 불구하고, 기존의 EPANET Toolkit에서 제공하고 있는 기능은 EPANET 프로그램을 전부 반영하지 못하고 있어 실용성 있는 프로그램의 개발이 제한되고 있는 실정이다. 기존 연구에서는 EPANET Toolkit의 미비한 기능에 대해, "프로그램 수행 - 결과 확인 - EPANET 네트워크 수정"을 반복 수행하여 문제를 해결하였으며, 따라서 복잡하고 세밀한 상수관망 모의 연구에 많은 제약이 존재하였다. 본 연구에서는 EPANET Toolkit의 내부를 수정, 보완하여 기존에 고려하지 못하였던 다양한 기능을 추가하여 관련 연구에 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 구체적으로는 Pump Curve를 변경 및 입력하여 Pump 교체를 위한 최적 펌프용량을 결정하거나, Energy Pattern을 입력하여 손쉽게 전력비용을 산정하는 등의 기능이 개선되었다. 그밖에도 EPANET Toolkit의 활용성을 향상시키기 위한 다양한 함수들을 추가적으로 구성하였으며, 이는 펌프 용량 및 효율 곡선과 배수지 설계 등 상수관망 구성요소의 설계에도 폭 넓게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2006

유역에서의 하천 프랙탈은 본 연구의 목적은 상수도 배수시스템의 수질예측 모형인 EPANET의 수질보정을 위한 염소분해계수의 효율적인 적용을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 우선적으로 연구대상시스템의 특성에 따른 수질 및 관종별 염소분해계수를 실험에 의하여 분석하고, 대상블록에 대한 EPANET 모형의 수질보정을 위한 잔류염소분해계수의 3가지 적용방법을 검토하여 효율적인 적용방안을 도출하였다. 연구결과, 실험에 의한 염소분해계수는 계절적 특성과 관종 및 관경에 따른 다양한 결과를 보였으며, 각 방법에 따른 모의결과도 다양하게 나타났으며, 관종, 관경, 계절적 특성을 반영한 분해계수를 적용한 모의 결과가 현장분석된 잔류염소농도와 더 가깝게 예측되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 EPANET을 이용하여 잔류염소농도를 예측하기 위해서는 대상수질 및 관망의 특성을 반영한 잔류염소분해계수를 사용하는 방법이 가장 효율적일 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.411-419
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• 2018

The residual chlorine concentration is an essential factor to secure reliable water quality in the water distribution systems. The chlorine concentration decays along the pipeline system and the main processes of the reaction can be divided into the bulk decay and the wall decay mechanisms. Using EPANET 2.0, it is possible to predict the chlorine decay through bulk decay and wall decay based on the pipeline geometry and the hydraulic analysis of the water distribution system. In this study, we tried to verify the predictability of EPANET 2.0 using data collected from experimental practices. We performed chlorine concentration measurement according to various Reynolds numbers in a pilot-scale water distribution system. The chlorine concentration was predicted using both bulk decay model and wall decay model. As a result of the comparison between experimental data and simulated data, the performance of the limited $1^{st}$-order model was found to the best in the bulk decay model. The wall decay model simulated the initial decay well, but the overall chlorine decay cannot be properly predicted. Simulation also indicated that as the Reynolds number increased, the impact of the wall.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2003

In this study, chlorine dose at water storage tank was predicted to meet the recommended guideline for free chlorine residual in drinking water distribution system, using EPANET which is a computer program that performs extended Period simulation of hydraulic and water quality behavior within pressurized pipe networks. The results may be summarized as follows. The decay of chlorine residual by season varied considerably in the following order; in summer ($25^{\circ}C$) > spring and fall (15$^{\circ}C$) > winter (5$^{\circ}C$). For re-chlorination at water storage tank by season, season-varying chlorine dose was required at its maximum of 1.00 mg/l in summer and minimum of 0.40 mg/l in winter as free chlorine residual. The decay of chlorine residual through out the networks increased with water age spent by a parcel of water in the network except for some points with low water demand. In conclusion, the season-varying chlorine dose as well as the monitoring of water quality parameters at the some points which showed high decay of chlorine residual may be necessary to deliver the safe drinking water.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2017

In this study, EPANET model which is using on the pipe network analysis was applied to Haenam irrigation district has provided irrigation water by pipeline system about 1,125ha and then have built pipe network to study area and supply performance evaluation of existing structure was analyzed by SPA (Single Period Analysis) in EPANET. As model results of simulation average ratio of maximum supply quantity/irrigation water requirements(base demand) was analyzed by 2.63. It means also that was analyzed as being capable of ensuring the water supply capacity. It was provided the necessary information for the maintenance facility through analyzed hydraulic behaviors in the pipeline inside such as flow velocities, pressures and hydraulic grade lines. It was satisfied with the allowable design criteria that was compared analyzed results with presented allowable design standards at agricultural production infra improvement project planning and design (Pipeline design standard). In order to analyze efficiency promotions of irrigation water, using Extended Period Simulation it was compared supply quantity with irrigation water requirements while pumps set operating pattern in 24 hours, then efficiency promotions of irrigation water was determined through analyzed oversupply water quantity and occurrence time by branch lines. According to results for oversupply quantity in Haenam district by time and end of branch lines efficiency promotions of irrigation water was suggested from 0.33 % to 37.59 %. To draw reasonable operating rules for water use and through this research, it is expected to be helpful for efficient water use and operational management of agricultural pipeline system to the current agricultural irrigation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.701-707
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• 2006

Disinfectant residual should be maintained to achieve biological stability during distribution of treated water. The wide distribution of retention times associated with storage and transport of water in a network and the reactivity of disinfectants make it difficult to maintain adequate residuals at critical locations. Rechlorination at some intermediate locations may reduce the total disinfectant dose while keeping residuals within specified limits throughout the water distribution system. In order to select the adequate location of rechlorination for achieving to maintain of residual chlorine throughout the distribution system, EPANET was used in this study. EPANET was well predicted chlorine transport and residual loss in the distribution system. Location of rechlorination was selected to maintain 0.4mg/L of residual chlorine throughout a water distribution system by field investigation and model simulation. The quantity of chlorine may reduced 36.7% and provided smooth residual between 0.42 and 0.60mg/L, when rechlorination would be used continuously at strategic location within the distribution system.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.307-314
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• 2010

Brebbia's model has been analyzed to develop the appropriate waterworks management system in Korea, and compared with the conventional models such as EPANET, WaterCad, and InfoWorks. The hydraulic theory of the models was analyzed. Each model's numerical techniques, required parameters, input data and operational methodologies, restrictions, practical applicability and other aspects were investigated. In order to check the validity of Brebbia model, the comparative analysis with EPANET, WaterCAD, and InfoWorks models was performed for linear and nonlinear cases. To find out advantages and disadvantages of each model, the modeling was performed for a simple network and for more complicated A city waterworks system, and the three models applicability was examined. Finally, optimal modeling technique and a model suitable for the use in Korea was suggested, and the problems related to present projects of waterworks management system in Korea were analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2006

In order to compute pressure variation for a water distribution system, an expression for the friction factor as a function of Reynolds number and the relative roughness needs to be properly incorporated in computational algorithm. Considering Moody s friction variation, Developed Unsteady Network Analyzer (UNA) has been modified to match computational results with EPANET 2.0. Substantial improvement can be found in the application of Improved UNA to both an hypothetical pipeline network and a real system located in Ulsan City. Random number generator is employed to represent the uncertainty of water use in real pipeline network. Comparisons of application between EPANET 2.0 and improved UNA 2.0 indicate advantages and potentials of this approach.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.609-617
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• 2012

A dynamic water quality model is presented in order to simulate water quality under slowly varying flow conditions over time. To improve numerical accuracy, the proposed model uses a lumped system approach instead of extended period simulation, unlike the other available models. This approach can achieve computational efficiency by assuming liquid and pipe walls to be rigid, unlike the method of characteristics, which has been successfully implemented in rapidly varying flows. The discrete volume method is applied to resolve the advection and reaction terms of the transport equation for water quality constituents in pipes. Numerical applications are implemented to the pipe network examples under steady and unsteady conditions as well as hydraulic and water quality simulations. The numerical results are compared with EPANET2, which is a widely used simulation model for a water distribution system. The model results are in good agreement with EPANET2 for steady-state simulation. However, the hydraulic simulation results under unsteady flows differ from those of EPANET2, which causes a deviation in water quality prediction. The proposed model is expected to be a component of an integrated operation model for a water distribution system if it is combined with a computational model for rapidly varying flows to estimate leakage, pipe roughness, and intensive water quality.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.4216-4227
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• 2015

In this study, a model is developed based on Life Cycle Energy Analysis (LCEA) method with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine optimal diameter of Water Distribution System (WDS). For hydraulic analysis the EPANET2.0 program is linked with developed model, pipe-aging equation and pipe-breakage equation are built in to developed model to simulate pipe change through life cycle. The model is then applied to two sample WDSs for optimal energy design. After determining optimal diameter for each WDS, the total cost is calculated based on determined diameter and compared with well-known optimal diameter set of each WDS. Results show that optimal energy design of WDSs through the developed model can be an alternative option for optimal design of WDSs for reducing energy with lower in cost.