• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.384-393
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• 1999

The degree of platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2(TXB2)formation and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids(PL) were investigated in 24 healthy male subjects who for five weeks consumed either corn oil(CO) rich in linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil (PO) rich in $\alpha$-linoleic acid($\alpha$-LAN), or canola oil(CNO) rich in oleic acid(OA) as a major fat source. Total fat intake was 30% of total calories and prescribed oil intake of each dietary group was 50% of the total fat intake. In the CO group, significantly decreased contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA and eicosapentanoic acid(EPA) were observed, and significantly increased contents of OA and saturated fatty acids(SFA) were observed in platelet PL after 3 weeks and 5 weeks of dietary treatment. In the PO group, contents of OA and docosahexanoic acid(DHA) were increased, and the ratio of n-6/n-3 was decreased significantly in platelet PL after dietary treatment. The CNO group showed significatnlty decreased contents of PUFA, P/S ratio, n-6 PUFA, LA,(EPA+DHA)/arachidonic acid(AA), and significantly increased SFA contents after 3 weeks of the oil-based diet. The dietary-induced effects on fatty acid composition of platelet PL were observed mostly after 3 weeks of the oil-based diet. The dietary-induced effects on fatty acid composition of platelet PL were observed mostly after 3 weeks. Plasma TXB2 levels were increased after 3 and 5 weeks of dietary treatment. However, only the CO and CNO groups showed significantly increased plasma TXB2 levles after 3 and 5 weeks of dietary treatment. However, only the CO and CNO groups showed significantly increased plasma TXB2 levels after 5 weeks of experimental diets, when compared with initial values. Degree of platelet aggregation increased only in the CO group after dietary treatment. As a result, at week 5 the degree of platelet aggregation of the CO group was significantly higher than those of the PO and CNO groups. Among the three oil-based diets, the PO-based diet seems to have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis by influencing plasma TXB2 levels and the degree of platelet aggregation, while the CO-based diet showed the most adverse effects. Our results imply that plasma TXB2 levels might be affected by dietary fatty acid composition.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, dietary habits, and blood components of smokers with non-smokers in the Seoul area and its vicinity. The results showed that non-smokers had higher intakes of brown rice, grains, fruit, vegetable and kimchi than the smokers. Smokers consumed more protein (p<0.001), vitamin B1 (p<0.001), vitamin B2 (p<0.007), niacin (p<0.0001), zinc (p<0.031) and phosphorus (p<0.005) than did non-smokers, whereas non-smokers' intakes of vitamin A (p<0.037), and folic acid (p<0.043) was higher than that of smokers. Individuals who smoked tended to have significantly higher levels of hemoglobin and monocytes. There were no significant differences by smoking status for dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which were in normal ranges. No significant differences by smoking status were shown for plasma homocysteine, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, vitamin C, and vitamin A. In conclusion, because smokers maintain a less healthy diet and life-style, it is to be recommended that educational programs be developed for smokers, guiding them into adopting better dietary habits in order to maintain and improve their health.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the possibility of the use of dried mackerel, which is enriched with docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) acids, as a means of increasing the intake of these n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and to investigate the effect of the consumption of mackerel on tissue triglyceride, cholesterol contents and fatty acid compositions. Twenty male mice were fed on 5% palm oil (control group) and 5% dried mackerel (mackerel group) diets for four weeks. Total triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels tended to decrease in serum, heart and kidney of the mackerel group compared to the control group, while HDL-cholesterol levels were increased with the intake of mackerel. In fatty acid compositions of serum and heart, the mackerel group showed increased percentages of n-3 fatty acids, especially DHA and EPA, and decreased percentages of arachidonic (20:4n-6, AA) and docosapentaenoic (22:5n-6, DPAn-6) acids compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was a similar tendency in kidney and adipose tissue but AA levels were not significantly different between the control and mackerel groups. These results indicate that intake of dried mackerel as the n-3 vehicle for increasing tissue n-3 fatty acids may be associated with improvement in lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.942-948
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine whether the length of the feeding of the controlled experimental diet to the dam resulted in changes to the dam milk or pup brain fatty acid composition. As a first method, females have been obtained at 3 weeks of age and fed the experimental diet throughout their growth to adulthood including mating, pregnancy, and lactational periods. As a second method, in order to shorten this long and expensive process, time-pregnant dams were obtained as early as possible from a commercial supplier, on day 3 of gestation, and immediately switched to the experimental diet. At birth, the milk of dams prepared by these two different methods was compared by collecting the stomach contents of the pups. This showed a slight increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in the pup stomach contents from the time-pregnant dams. There were no significant changes in the brain fatty acid composition of pups between the two different lengths of the experimental diet intake. By the 10 days of age, there were only minor differences in the milk fatty acid composition of pup stomach contents from the two sets of dams. However, the pup brains of the time-pregnant groups at 10 days showed increased AA and DHA due to intake of the chow diet including AA, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Thus, the history of the maternal feeding could affect the results under these particular circumstances, but the differences were minimal.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 2012

Growth and survival (%) of the larvae and spats of Scapharca broughtonii fed on three different microalgal species (Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri and Chaetoceros simplex) were investigated with the analysis of fatty acid composition. The larvae fed on mixed diet with three microalgal species showed the highest growth in shell length ($261.3{\pm}13.5{\mu}m$) and survival ($27.4{\pm}5.3%$). The growth and survival (%) of the larvae fed on the single diet with C. simplex were significantly higher than those of the larvae fed on I. galbana or P. lutheri (P < 0.05). The growth and survival (%) of S. broughtonii spats reared for 30 days were also highest in the mixed diet group with $1,114.8{\pm}128.0{\mu}m$ and $61.3{\pm}5.5%$, respectively, and followed by C. simplex, I. galbana and P. lutheri. With respect to composition of fatty acid of the single or mixed microalgal diet, the content of PUFA and n-3 HUFA were the highest in C. simplex. This result can be considered as the reason for high growth and survival (%) of the larvae and the spats. C. simplex was the best species as the single diet, but the mixed diet with three microalgal species showed better dietary value than single diet did for the larvae and spat of S. broughtonii.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.4 s.84
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• pp.546-551
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• 2007

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of feeding dried mackerel as a means of increasing the intake of these n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on fatty acid compositions in liver and nervous tissue. Twenty male mice aged at 4 weeks were fed on the control (5% palm oil, control group) and 5% dried mackerel diets (mackerel group) for four weeks. In fatty acid compositions of liver and cortex, levels of total n-3 fatty acid, specially docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) acids, were increased in the mackerel group compared to the control group, while docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6, DPAn-6) levels were decreased (p<0.05). In cerebellum and retina, levels of DHA were not significantly different between the control and mackerel groups, but levels of total n-6 fatty acids and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, AA) were decreased in the mackerel group. These results indicated that intake of 5% dried mackerel increased levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cortex. Thus, we will investigate the relationship between brain function and cortex fatty acid compositions following intake of mackerel by assessing discrimination leaning ability.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.555-564
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• 2008

Essential fatty acids are important essential nutrients during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to compare fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids and essential fatty acid intakes between Korean pregnant women with a single baby and Korean pregnant women with twins. A total of 116 pregnant women who had maintained their health without any symptoms of pregnancy complications participated in the study. The subjects consisted of 57 women of singleton pregnancy and 58 women of twin pregnancy at the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd trimester of pregnancy. A 24-hour dietary recall was administered to each subject to obtain dietary information. The mean ages of the singleton pregnancy group and the twin pregnancy group were 31.44 years and 32.27 years, respectively, and the mean height values were 161.86 cm and 160.64 cm, respectively. The mean daily energy intakes in the singleton pregnancy group were 1639.95 kcal, 1904.71 kcal, and 1882.82 kcal for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester group, respectively. The mean daily energy intakes in the twin pregnancy group were 1745.99 kcal, 2203.46 kcal, and 2092.26 kcal for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester group, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean fatty acid intakes by the type of pregnancy (i.e., singleton vs. twins) and the stage of pregnancy (i.e., 1st vs. 2nd vs. 3rd trimester). However, the mean total fatty acid intake of those at the 1st trimester among the singleton pregnancy group tended to be higher than that of those at the 1st trimester among the twin pregnancy group. Such a trend seemed to be retro-versed. That is, the mean total fatty acid intakes of the twin pregnancy group were higher compared to the singleton pregnancy group for the 2nd and 3rd trimester group. The LA and total n6 concentrations of serum phospholipids of the singleton pregnancy group were significantly higher as the gestational age increased(p<0.05). The $\alpha-LNA$(p<0.05), EPA(p<0.05), and total n3(p<0.001) concentrations of serum phospholipids of the twin pregnancy group were significantly lower as the gestational age increased. The $\alpha-LNA$ concentrations of serum phospholipids in the singleton pregnancy group at the 3rd trimester were significantly higher than that in the twin pregnancy group at the same trimester(p<0.05). The serum phospholipids levels of AA and DHA of the twin pregnancy group were generally higher compared to those of the singleton pregnancy group. Particularly the differences reached at the level of statistical significance for those at the 1st trimester(p<0.01). It is concluded that the study findings imply that fatty acid metabolism may meaningfully differ by the type and stage of pregnancy. Future research needs to be conducted to more elucidate grounding etiology and possible roles of dietary fatty acid intake levels in relation to the study findings.