• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.672-679
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to predict the potential distribution and risk of invasive alien plant, Amaranthus patulus, in an agricultural area of South Korea. We collected 254 presence localities of A. patulus using field survey and literature search and stimulated the potential distribution area of A. patulus using maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) with six climatic variables. Two different kinds of agricultural risk index, raster risk index and regional risk index, were estimated. The 'raster risk index' was calculated by multiplying the potential distribution by the field area in $1{\times}1km$ and 'regional risk index' was calculated by multiplying the potential distribution by field area proportion in the total field of South Korea. The predicted potential distribution of A. patulus was almost matched with actual presence data. The annual mean temperature had the highest contribution for distribution modeling of A. patulus. Area under curve (AUC) value of the model was 0.711. The highest regions were Gwangju for potential distribution, Jeju for 'raster risk index' and Gyeongbuk for 'regional risk index'. This different ranks among the index showed the importance about the development of various risk index for evaluating invasive plant risk.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.214-223
• /
• 2022

Among migratory insect pests, Mythimna seperata and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis are invasive pests introduced into South Korea through westerlies from southern China. M. seperata and C. medinalis are insect pests that use rice as a host. They injure rice leaves and inhibit rice growth. To understand the distribution of M. seperata and C. medinalis, it is important to understand environmental factors such as temperature and humidity of their habitat. This study predicted current and future habitat suitability models for understanding the distribution of M. seperata and C. medinalis. Occurrence data, SSPs (Shared Socio-economic Pathways) scenario, and RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) were applied to MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy), a machine learning model among SDM (Species Distribution Model). As a result, M. seperata and C. medinalis are aggregated on the west and south coasts where they have a host after migration from China. As a result of MaxEnt analysis, the contribution was high in the order of Land-cover data and DEM (Digital Elevation Model). In bioclimatic variables, BIO_4 (Temperature seasonality) was high in M. seperata and BIO_2 (Mean Diurnal Range) was found in C. medinalis. The habitat suitability model predicted that M. seperata and C. medinalis could inhabit most rice paddies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.450-463
• /
• 2023

The objective of this study is to derive the core habitat of the Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai utilizing Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models. Expert-based models have been criticized for their subjective criteria, while statistical models face difficulties in on-site validation and integration of expert opinions. To address these limitations, both models were employed, and their outcomes were overlaid to derive the core habitat. Five variables were identified through a comprehensive literature review and spatial analysis based on appearance coordinates. The environmental variables encompass vegetation zone, forest type, crown density, annual precipitation, and effective soil depth. Through surveys involving six experts, importance rankings and SI (Suitability Index) scores were established for each variable, subsequently facilitating the creation of an HSI map. Using the same variables, the MaxEnt model was also executed, resulting in a corresponding map, which was merged to construct the definitive core habitat map. Out of 16 observed locations of K. koreana, 15 were situated within the identified core habitat. Furthermore, an area historically known to host K. koreana but not verified in the present, Mt. Yeongchwi, was found to lack a core habitat. These findings suggest that the developed models exhibit a high degree of accuracy and effectively reflect the current ecological landscape.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.77-78
• /
• 1996

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.1589-1591
• /
• 2013

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
• /
• 2019.08a
• /
• pp.274-274
• /
• 2019

• 녹색21
• /
• s.10
• /
• pp.46-49
• /
• 2006

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.11
• /
• pp.5439-5444
• /
• 2012

Objective: To explore the correlation of human papillomavious (HPV) infection with expression of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in patients with different ethnicity in Xinjiang, China. Methods: 166 biopsy specimens from 83 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC), 63 laryngeal papillomas (LP), and 20 laryngeal inflammatory polyps (LIP) were included in this study. HPV infection was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific types of HPV primers. Expression of p53 and PCNA was assessed using immunohistostaining. Results: The frequency of HPV 6/11 was higher in LP (33.3%) than in LSCC (9.6%) (P<0.0005), whereas the frequency of HPV 16/18 was higher in LSCC (37.3 %) than in LP (6.3%) (P<0.0005). Patients of the Han ethnic group with LSCC had a higher infection rate with HPV 6/11 or HPV 6/11 and HPV 16/18 coinfection than those of Uygur and Kazak ethnicity (P<0.05). Overexpression of p53 and PCNA were higher in LSCC (62.7%, 57.8%) than in LP (38%, 33.3%) (P<0.005, and P<0.005, respectively). That of p53 was not associated with lymph-node metastases and clinical stages, but overexpression of PCNA closely correlated with clinical stage. Conclusions: These results strongly implicate HPV6/11 infection in the carcinogenesis of LSCC and LP, respectively. There was a higher coincidence of increased malignancy of laryngeal tumors with overexpression of p53 and PCNA. Overexpression of p53 may serve as an early risk marker for malignant transformation in HPV infected cells while the overexpression of PCNA may serve as a late marker for progression of LSCC.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2007

The antibacterial activity of Korean honey bee venom (KBV) was examined against seven major bacterial mastitis pathogens, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus uberis isolated from infected mammary quarters of cows. Seven bacterial mastitis pathogens were studied for antibacterial activity of the KBV by disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial count in milk samples. The KBV showed activity against Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. The order of susceptibility of the bacteria against the KBV was Staph. aureus>MRSA>E. coli>Strep. intermedius>Ent. faecium>Strep. oralis>Strep. uberis. The MIC against Staph. aureus, MRSA and E. coli were stronger effect as compared with standard drug. The effect of the KBV ($100{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) on the viability of Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius, Strep. oralis and Strep. uberis in milk differed significantly with each other within 12 h incubation period. The results indicate that KBV has significant antibacterial effects against major bacterial mastitis bacteria, Ent. faecium, E.coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. Results of the study indicate the potential use of KBV as alternative to antibiotic therapy. Further investigations are needed though to confirm its efficacy and its effects on the animals.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.29 no.10
• /
• pp.2017-2022
• /
• 2008

Of the experiments to shorten NMR measuring time by sparse sampling, non-uniform sampling (NUS) is advantageous. NUS miminizes systematic errors which arise due to the lack of samplings by randomization. In this study, I report the real-time acquisition of 3D NMR data using NUS and maximum-entropy (MaxEnt) data processing. The real-time acquisition combined with NUS can reduce NMR measuring time much more. Compared with multidimensional decomposition (MDD) method, which was originally suggested by Jaravine and Orekhov (JACS 2006, 13421-13426), MaxEnt is faster at least several times and more suitable for the realtime acquisition. The designed sampling schedule of current study makes all the spectra during acquisition have the comparable resulting resolutions by MaxEnt. Therefore, one can judge the quality of spectra easily by examining the intensities of peaks. I report two cases of 3D experiments as examples with the simulated subdataset from experimental data. In both cases, the spectra having good qualitie for data analysis could be obtained only with 3% of original data. Its corresponding NMR measuring time was 8 minutes for 3D HNCO of ubiquitin.