• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2171-2174
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• 2012

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a distressing disease with a miserable prospects and early recognition remains a challenge due to ubiquitous symptomatic presentation, deep anatomical location, and aggressive etiology. False positives and problems in distinguishing pancreatitis from adenocarcinoma limit the use of CA 19-9 as both disorders can present with similar symptoms and share radiographic physiognomies. This study aimed to assess the relative increase in accuracy of diagnosing the patients with chronic pancreatitis, benign neoplasm of pancreas and adenocarcinomas with CA 19-9, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A in comparison to CA 19-9 alone. Materials and Methods: This hospital based case control study was carried out in the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, between $1^{st}$ January 2010 and $31^{st}$ December 2011. The variables assessed were age, gender, serum CA19-9, serum haptoglobulin, serum Amyloid A. The data were analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results: Out of 197 cases of pancreatic disease, maximum number of assumed cases were of adenocarcinoma of pancreas (95). Number of males (59) were more than females (36) in assumed cases of adenocarcinoma of pancreas. The mean values of CA19-9 raised considerably in cases of chronic pancreatitis, benign neoplasm and adenocarcinoma of pancreas when compared to controls. The highest augmention in CA19-9 values were in cases of adenocarcinoma of pancreas. The p-value indicates that in cases of chronic pancreatitis, there was not significant increase in precision of diagnosis. Conclusions: These statistics established that haptoglobin and SAA are useful in discriminating cancer from benign conditions as well as healthy controls.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2000

기존의 2개의 컨버터를 병렬 운전하기 위해서는 2개의 변류기 (CT)가 필요하였으나, 본 논문에서는 1개의 변류기만으로도 2개의 컨버터를 병렬 운전 가능한 단일 전류센서 방식의 마스터-슬레이브 운전 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 단일 전류센서 방식의 부하 전류 분배 성능을 확인하기 위하여, 2개의 컨버터를 설계, 제작하였고 기존방법 (예: 최대 전류법)과 부하 전류 분배 성능을 세 가지의 임의 조건하에서 시뮬레이션, 부하 실험을 통하여 비교하였다. 실험 결과 컨버터 2대를 병렬 운전하는 경우, 기존의 방법으로는 2개의 CT가 필요하였으나 제안한 단일 전류센서 방식을 이용한면 1개의 CT만으로도 부하 전류 분배가 잘 이루어짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2009

Objectives: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is considered an ENT emergency. Despite being a well-recognized condition, SSHL remains one of the most controversial issues in otology. Nowadays, more and more patients have an interest in Oriental medicine for treatment of SSHL. So, to ascertain the therapeutic effect of Oriental Medicine on SSHL, nineteen cases of SSHL patients who had taken Oriental medical therapy in Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Hospital were examined and analyzed. Methods: Nineteen patients who received over 10 times acupuncture therapy and a minimum 2 weeks of herbal medicine from Sep. 1, 2007 to Aug. 31, 2008 were examined and analyzed. The patients who were in the categories below were excluded: - within 7 days after onset - didn't fulfill 10 times acupuncture therapy - failed to recheck hearing outcome after treatment - less than 30dB at mean dB from 250Hz${\sim}$4000Hz. Results: The patients consisted of 12 men and 7 women with a mean age of 45.63 years (19${\sim}$76). Before treatment, 17 patients had tinnitus, 16 patients had pressure in the ear and 6 patients had dizziness, and mean dB of all patients was 66.89 dB. After treatment, 9 patients still had tinnitus, 4 patients felt pressure in the ear and 2 patents felt dizziness, and mean dB of all patients was 54.57dB. After treatment, 9 patients showed effectiveness in improving both hearing level and speech discrimination, 6 patients showed effectiveness only on speech discrimination and 4 patients showed no therapeutic effect. Conclusion: Oriental medical therapy had some therapeutic effects on SSHL even it was started 7 days after onset of the disease.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.634-643
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• 1999

본 논문은 재구성 가능한 FPGA 시스템 상에 퍼지 제어기의 구현 방안을 다룬다. 제안한 구현 방안은 퍼지 제어기를 시간적으로 독립적인 여러모듈로 분할 하여 이들을 미리 독립적으로구현하여 둔다음 각 시점에서 원하는 모듈을 불러 사용하는 실행 시점(run-time)재구성 방법으로 하나의 FPGA가 갖는 셀 직접도의 제약으로 인해 하나의 FPGA 칩상에 전체 퍼지 제어기를 구현하기가 불가능한 경우에 효과적으로 이용될수 있다. 이를 위해 퍼지 제어기의 각 모듈은 VHDL언어로 기술되어 FPGA 컴파일러에 의해 합성된후 Xilinx사의 Xact 장비에 의해 최적화 및 배치 배선이 수행되어 FPGA상에 eidnsfhem 가능한 하드웨어 객체(hardware object)상태로만들어진다. 이후 퍼지 제어기를 구현하기 위해서는 각시점에 원하는 무듈의 하드웨어 객체를 불러 FPGA를 재구성한다, 트럭 후진 주차제어용 퍼지 제어기를 제안한 실행 시간 재구성법에 의해 직접 구현하여 제어 동작 상태를 테스트해 봄으로서 제안한 퍼지 제어기 구현 방법의 타당성을 확인하였다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.193-207
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• 1996

지금까지 전자 미디어 관련 제품을 디자인하기 위해서는 일반적으로 산업디자이너는 제품의 하드웨어인 팩 키지를, 그리고 사용자-인터페이스 디자이너들은 그 제품의 소프트웨어적인 요소를 디자인하는 것에 주력하여 왔다. 그러나 컴퓨터 관련 테크놀로지가 끊임없이 진화하면서 이러한 역할의 이분화는 그 개념이 모호해져 대화형 제품 개발을 위해 점차 산업디자이너들의 사용자 인터페이스 디자인에 더 깊이 관여하게 되었다. 나아가 앞으로는 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어뿐만 아니라 제품의 제반 정보들이 하나의 제품으로 인식되어 제품의 물리적 요소 외에도 이에 대해 사용자가 가지고 있는 모든 경험들이 총체적인 사용자 인터페이스 요소로 간주되어 인터페이스 디자인 범주가 확대될 것이다. 이렇듯 인터페이스 디자인 개념의 확대와 그 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있음에도 불구하고 산업디자인 분야에서느 아직까지 인터페이스 디자인 개발 프로세스에 대한 체계적이고 실질적인 연구가 미미한 실정이다. 본고에서는 사용자 인터페이스 디자인의 이론적 고찰과 실증적인 분석을 통하여 효율적인 인터페이스 디자인 개발을 위한 인터렉션 디자인 프로세스의 연구를 그 목적으로 한다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2006

This study was conducted to analyze factors influencing old people's stress and coping with it. The subjects of this study were 1186 people who lived in 6 cities. The data were collected from September, 2003 to March, 2003. The result of this study can be summarized as follow. 1. 14.3% of the respondents was in good health, while 30.6% of them was not in good health. 11.0% of them had good eyesight and 22.2% had a good sense of hearing. 12.0% of them had good teeth. 2. The level of coping with stress was 59.9 points on the basis 100 points. The level of coping with it actively was highest, while the level of coping with it passively was lowest. 3. Factors which influenced old people's stress were job health condition, leisure activity, smoking, hearing ability, and regular exercise. 4. Factors which affected coping with stress were gender, having meals regularly, smoking, job, vigor, preference of foods, and average pocket money per month. As shown in the above results, the level of old people's stress factors and coping with it were significantly low in the groups of low education level, having less pocket money, living alone, being in bad health, having weak eyesight, having bad sense of hearing, having bad teeth, low satisfaction level with leisure, and having no health behavior. Therefore, the method of decreasing stress factors and coping with it should be developed. The government and related organizations must make great efforts to improve old people's quality of life and increase healthy life expectancy.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1989

The effects of an antiprogesterone (RU 486) and an antiestrogen (tamoxifen) on ovulatory response and oocyte morphology were examined in pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-primed immatare female rats (28 days of age): a comparison has been made on two different regirnens primed with a "control" dose (4 IU) and a "superovulatory" dose (40 IU) of PMSG. Females for control control regimen received three consecutive injections of lmg RU486, lmg tamoxifen, or vehicle at 24, 36 and 48hr, and were killed at 72l'r after PMSG. Animals for superovalatory regimen received lmg RU486, 2.5mg tamoxifen, or vehicle fouowlag the injection schedule comparable to control regimen, and were killed at 60 and 72hr after PMSG. Compared to vehicle group, there was a significant reduction in ovulatory response as judged by the proportion of rats ovulating andi or by the mean number of oocytes per rat for each treatment of RU486 and tamoxifen in both regimens. The activity of tamoxifen in inhibiting the ovulatory response was greater in control, but less in superovulatory regimen than that of RU486 based on the dose employed for each antisteroid. In both regimens, RU 486 did not have any effect 6n the changes in the proportion of degenerate oocytes as well as ovarian weight, well tamoxifen treatment resulted in a marked promotion of oocyte degeneration as well as a great reduction in ovarian weight, compared to each parameter of vehicle group. RU486 treatment in each regimen did not alter the serum levels of any steroid hormones observed. Howerver, tamoxifen treatment was associated with significant increases in serum 17$\beta$-estradiol and decreases in progesterone in both regimens; also significant increases in androgens in superovulatory regimen. The results illustrate the relative inhibitory activity of RU486 and tamoxifen indicating major steroid hormone involved in PMSG-induced ovulation: 17$\beta$-estradiol for control and progesterone for superovulatory regimen. It also appears that tamoxifen-associated elevation of circulating 17$\beta$-estradiol andi or androgens could be in part, a contributing factor to the promotion of oocyte degeneration presumably by producing a hostile oviductal environment after ovulation.ent after ovulation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Objectives : To explore the factors influencing antibiotics prescription by primary health physicians for acute upper respiratory infections(URI). Methods : We performed a survey of 370 primary health physicians randomly sampled in April, 2003. The questionnaire consisted of a prescription on the scenario of acute bronchitis case, along with opinions and reasons for prescribing antibiotics on URI. Results : We found that 54.7% of the physicians prescribed antibiotics on the example case of acute bronchitis which is known as not needing antibiotics. Female physicians and ENT physicians had a greater tendency to prescribe antibiotics. The factors influencing antibiotics prescription on URI were the belief about the effectiveness of antibiotics, preference for their own experiences rather than clinical guidelines, perception of patients' expectations, and perception of competitive environment. The prescription of antibiotics in the example case was affected by how much they usually prescribe antibiotics (OR=2.400, 95% CI=1.470-3.917) and the physicians who thought that antibiotics were helpful for their income prescribed antibiotics more than others (OR=6.773, 95% CI=1.816-25.254). Conclusion : These findings demonstrated that the false belief on the effectiveness of antibiotics, patient's expectation of medication and fast relief of symptoms, and perception of competitive environment all affected the physicians prescription of antibiotics on URI. It may help to find barriers to accommodate scientific evidence and clinical guidelines among physicians and to specify subgroups for education about appropriate prescription behaviors.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.159-160
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• 1998

Results of chemistry and biological activity of many years indicate that plants belonging to the Isodon genus are rich in ent-kaurane diterpenoids, which have been revealed to possess biological activities such as antitumor, antibacterial and antiinflammatory effects. In continuation of our research on diterpenoids in medicinal plants of this genus, the acetone extract from the leaves of I. xerophilus, which is a plant native to Yunnan province of China, showed potent antitumor activity against K562. After partition, the most active EtOAc part was studied. Four new diterpenoids named xerophilusin A(l), B(2), C(3), D(4), and eight known compounds including macrocalin B(5) and rabdorosthomin A(6) were isolated, whose structures were elucidated through a series of one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques(DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC and ROESY experiments). Among them, compound 1, 2 and 5 had two unique epoxy units formed by two ether bridges from C-20 to C-7, C-14. Up to now, there are four compounds having such an peculiar structure besides these three compounds. Compound 3 and 4 were two of the few examples possessing $1{\beta}$ substitutes. All the diterpenoid compounds were subjected to the antitumor screening. It is interesting that only xerophilusin A(l), B(2) and macrocalin(5) exhibited significant antitumor activity against K562 by the method of MTT($IC_{50}$ were listed in Table 1.). The results inspired us to infer that the unique ether bridges from C-20 to C-7, C-14 possibly played an important role in the antitumor activity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1987

To validate the comparision of proximal and distal large intestinal motility, the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous motility, the effect of acetylcholine, the effect of atropine on the response of acetylcholine, the effect of histamine and the effect of pyrilamine and cimetidine on the response of histamine were investigated in rabbit. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The amplitude of spontaneous motility was more powerful on the proximal large intestine than that of the distal large intestine, but the frequency of spontaneous motility was similar on the both proximal and distal large intestine in rabbit. 2. Acetylcholine caused the contraction of proximal and distal large intestine, and the contractile response were increased between the concentration of acetylcholne $10^{-9}$ and $5{\times}10^{-6}M$ and $10^{-7}$ and $10^{-4}M$ on the proximal and distal large intestine, respectively, with dose-dependent manner in rabbit. 3. The contractile response induced by acetylcholine was completely blocked by the post-treatment with cholinergic receptor blocker, atropine $10^{-6}M$. 4. Histamine caused the contraction of proximal and distal large intestine and the contractile response were increased between the concentration of histamine $10^{-9}$ and $5{\times}10^{-5}M$ and $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-3}M$ on the proximal and distal large intestine, respectively, with dose-depend ent manner in rabbit. 5. The contractile response induced by histamine was completely blocked by the pretreatment with $H_1$-receptor blocker, pyrilamine $10^{-6}M$, but not blocked by the pretreatment with $H_2$-receptor blocker, cimetidine $10^{-6}M$.