• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2018

This paper interprets the relationship between the physical activity of the human and the signal of the brain to show the meaningful results in the process of sending and receiving information to the connected muscles. When a person works or thinks, a specific brain signal is generated from the brain and being trasmmited to the connected part. The EMG signal, which has muscle activity information, outputs the result of the muscle activation as an electrical signal, which outputs muscle activity information usually due to muscle contraction and relaxation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the two signals, which are difficult to identify easily by visual data extraction and data acquisition by extracting such EMG and EMG in real time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ribcage stabilization using a belt in the supine position during double leg lowering (DLL) by investigating the electromyographic (EMG) activities of the abdominal muscles. Methods : Twenty-two subjects with lumbar extension syndrome were recruited. EMG activity was recorded from rectus abdominalis (RA) and internal oblique abdominalis (IO), external oblique abdominalis (EO) muscles while subjects performed three double leg lowering exercises: double leg lowering (DLL), double leg lowering with abdominal draw-in maneuver (DLL-ADIM), and double leg lowering with ribcage stabilization using a belt (DLL-belt). RA, IO, and EO EMG activity were analyzed via one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bonferroni correction was performed where significant differences were identified (p<.017, .05/3). Results : RA, IO, and EO EMG activity differed significantly among the three exercises (p<.05). The use of post hoc pair-wise comparison with Bonferroni correction showed that RA muscle activity significantly differed among the three exercises (p<.017), and IO muscle activity in the DLL exercise was significantly decreased compared to the DLL-ADIM and DLL-belt exercises (p<.017). There was no significant difference between IO muscle activity for DLL-ADIM and DLL-belt exercises (p>.017). EO muscle activity in the DLL-belt exercise was significantly increased compared to both DLL and DLL-ADIM exercises (p<.017), but there was no significant difference between EO muscle activity for DLL and DLL-ADIM exercises (p>.017). Conclusion : DLL-belt is a more effective exercise for activating the abdominal muscles than DLL-ADIM exercise. Therefore, we recommend DLL-belt exercises for strengthening the abdominal muscles.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.24-31
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• 2009

This study aimed to investigate the effect of differing heel heights on the electromyographic (EMG) activity in vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) during stair ascending and descending activities. A total of 26 healthy women volunteered to perform stair-ascending and stair-descending tasks with 3 heel heights: barefoot, 3 cm, and 7 cm. The EMG activities of the VM and VL were recorded during the tasks. During the stair ascending and descending tasks, the EMG activities of both VM and VL significantly changed with differing the heel heights (p<.05). Moreover, the EMG activities of VM and VL during the stair ascending task were significantly higher than the corresponding values during the stair-descending task (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences between the VM:VL EMG ratios for the 3 heel heights (p>.05). The VM:VL EMG ratios between the 2 tasks differed significantly in the 7 cm high heel condition (p<.05). Despite an increase in the EMG activities in both VM and VL during stair ascending and descending tasks, there was no change in the relative EMG intensities of VM and VL, which was measured by calculating the VM:VL ratio this result indicates that no VM:VL imbalances were elicited. The relative EMG intensities of VM and VL during stair descent were lower than the corresponding values during the ascent, suggesting that VM and VL may show an imbalance in the eccentric activation during the weight-acceptance phase. This study provides useful information that will facilitate future research on how heel height affects muscle activity around the knee joint.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of electromyography (EMG)-biofeedback training on lower extremity muscle activity and balance of patients with total knee replacement (TKR). Methods: Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: experimental and control group. Subjects in the experimental group (n=10) were provided with quadriceps setting exercise by EMG-biofeedback (QSE+BF) and those in the control group were provided with QSE. Subjects in both groups were provided with the respective training programs for 20 minutes per session, five times per week, for a period of six weeks. To test significance, data analysis was performed using repeated-ANOVAs. Results: Statistically significant differences in muscle activity of the rectus femoris muscle and the vastus lateralis, and dynamic balance ability were observed in the experimental group, compared with the control group. In comparison of the muscle activity of the rectus femoris muscle and the vastus lateralis, and dynamic balance ability between different training periods within the groups, both groups showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion: EMG-biofeedback training is effective in improving lower extremity muscle activity and balance ability of patients with TKR, and should be effective in patients with other diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of glenohumeral (GH) rotation position in modified knee push-up plus exercise (MKPUP) by examining the surface electromyography (EMG) amplitude in serratus anterior (SA), pectoralis major (PM), and upper trapezius (UTz) and the activity ratio of each muscle. Methods: A total of 22 healthy subjects volunteered for the study. Each subject performed the MKPUP at $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ of GH joint internal rotation. EMG of the SA and PM, UTz was compared between GH rotation positions and each muscle activity ratio. EMG was used to measure the muscle activity in terms of ratios to maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Results: The difference in EMG activity during the exercise in three GH joint internal rotation positions was observed with the SA and the PM. The greater the GH joint internal rotation angle was, the lower the activity of the PM. In contrast, the SA showed higher activity. However, the activity of UT was similar under all conditions. The ratio of the SA and the PM was considerably greater at $90^{\circ}$ GH joint internal rotation than at $0^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. Conclusion: When excessive activation of the PM or imbalanced activation between the PM and the SA occurs, the MKPUP exercise is most effective at $90^{\circ}$ of GH joint internal rotation. Use of this position would be a beneficial strategy for selective strengthening of the SA and minimizing PM activation.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effects of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback on the muscle activity of the trapezius, shoulder pain, function, and range of motion (ROM) in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). Methods: Sixteen patients (9 males and 7 females) with SAIS participated voluntarily. The main outcome measures were muscle activity of the trapezius, shoulder pain (VAS), ROM, and the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). Exercises with EMG biofeedback consisted of shoulder flexion in a standing position, shoulder external rotation in a side-lying position, and shoulder horizontal abduction in a prone position. Post measurements were taken immediately after EMG biofeedback training. Results: Middle and lower trapezius activity, as well as ROM, was significantly increased by exercise with EMG biofeedback (p<0.05). In addition, VAS and SPADI scores significantly decreased post-EMG biofeedback training (p<0.05). Conclusion: EMG biofeedback intervention is an effective exercise for SAIS patients to restore activity of the middle and lower trapezius and to improve pain, shoulder function, and ROM.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.296-304
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• 2009

The purpose of this study were to examine the effect of two different pelvic alignments and the back belt on electromyographic(EMG) activity of the erector spinae during lifting. The results were as follows: 1) EMG activity of erector spinae was greater when the pelvis was tilted anteriorly than when the pelvis was tilted posteriorly during lifting. 2) EMG activity of erector spinae was greater when the back belt than when without the back belt during lifting. These results suggest that the greater EMG activity of erector spinae with an anterior pelvic tilt position and with back belt during lifting may ensure optimal muscular support for the spine while handling loads.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.101-111
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine EMG biofeedback training effect on the muscle activities in 3 unilateral facial palsy patients along with multiple baseline design across subjects. The auditory feedback about facial muscles (orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, frontalis) was provided with each patient during facial exercise training. Electromyographic (EMG) activity during maximal voluntary contraction and maximal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude elected by supramaximal electrical stimulation on facial nerve of facial muscles were measured pre- and post- EMG biofeedback training to evaluate motor learning. EMG activity during maximal voluntary contraction was increased after EMG biofeedback training and CMAP amplitude elected by supramaximal electrical stimulation was not changed in all subjects. The results indicate that EMG biofeedback training is useful method to improve motor learning of facial excercise training in unilateral facial palsy patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the effect of differing ground contact conditions on the eletromyographic(EMG) activity in rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medialis during step-up activity in patients with hemiparesis. Methods : 10 hemiparetic patients performed step-up activity on three different ground contact conditions: entire ground contact, 2/3 ground contact, 1/3 groud contact. Result : The EMG activities of gastrocnemius medialis significantly changed on 1/3 ground contact(p<.05). However, no significant changed rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior between three differing ground contact conditions (p>.05). Conclusion : This study provides that EMG activities of gastrocnemius medialis significantly changed on different ground contacts. Therefore, this method can be used to strengthen the gastrocnemius medialis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare electromyography (EMG) activity for the middle and lower trapezius muscle according to various shoulder abduction angles. Thirty healthy male subjects were recruited for this study. Each subject performed three repetitions of horizontal abduction at $75^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $125^{\circ}$, $160^{\circ}$, and $180^{\circ}$ of shoulder abduction angle in a prone position. Surface EMG activity was recorded from the middle and lower trapezius while the subjects held for five seconds at a predetermined position. The EMG activity was normalized using the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) elicited using a manual muscle testing technique. A repeatedly measured ANOVA was performed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. The EMG activity of the middle and lower trapezius was significantly different among shoulder abduction angles (p<.05). The greatest level of muscle activity for the middle and lower trapezius were demonstrated at $90^{\circ}$ and $160^{\circ}$ of shoulder abduction angle, respectively. These results suggest that middle and lower trapezius strengthening exercise and manual muscle testing should be performed at different shoulder abduction angles.