• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week velocity-based training on the maximum vertical jump in elite sprinters. Method: Ten elite sprinters were participated in this study (age: 21 ± 0.97 yrs., height: 179 ± 3.54 cm, body mass: 72 ± 2.98 kg). An 8-week velocity-based power training was provided to all subjects for twice per week. Their maximum vertical jumps were measured before and after velocity-based training. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 4 channels of EMG was performed in this study. A paired t-test was used for statistical verification. The significant level was set at α=.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences were found between pre and post the training (p>.05). However, most variables included jump record, knee joint ROM, and muscle activation of rectus femoris showed increased pattern after the training. Conclusion: In this study, an 8-week velocity-based training did not showed the significant training effects. However, knee joint movement which is the key role of the vertical jump revealed positive kinematic and kinetic pattern after the training. From this founding, it is believed that velocity-based training seems positively affect the vertical jump which is the clear measurement of mechanical power of sprinter. In addition, to get more clear evidence of the training more training period would be needed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate relationships and gender differences in dietary supplement (DS) and oriental supplement (OS) prevalence as well as anti-doping awareness during training and the game period. Korea National Sport University athletes (343 male and 136 female) participated in this study and completed DS and OS practice and anti-doping awareness questionnaires. Forty-six percent of athletes used DS during the training period, and there was significantly higher DS use in females (53%) compared to males (43%) (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight percent of athletes used OS, and there was significantly higher OS use in females (35%) than males (26%) (P < 0.05) during the training period. The primary reason of DS use was to supply energy both in males (36%) and females (28%). The main reason for male athletes' OS use was to supply energy (41 %). Meanwhile, the reasons for female athletes' OS use were to supply energy (23%), to maintain health (19%), and to improve recovery ability (20%), which showed a significant gender difference (P < 0.05). Athletes rated their perceived degree of satisfaction, perceived importance, and beliefs in efficacy of DS and OS use all over 50% during the training period, and no gender differences were detected. In a comparison between athletes educated about anti-doping (at least more than one time) and non-received athletes, DS and OS use during the training period was 2.30 (1.47-3.60) and 1.71 (1.03-2.82), respectively. DS and OS use immediately before the game period was 2.38 (1.50-3.80) and 3.99 (1.20-13.28), respectively.Elite athletes' anti-doping education was highly related to increased DS use during the training period and immediately before the game. Although elite athletes use various DS and OS during the training period and before the game period, doping education for elite athletes is related with DS and OS use during the training period and before the game.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.242-249
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop an SNP set that can be useful for marker-assisted breeding (MAB) in watermelon (Citrullus. lanatus L) using Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of 20 commercial elite watermelon inbreds. The result of GBS showed that 77% of approximately 1.1 billion raw reads were mapped on the watermelon genome with an average mapping region of about 4,000 Kb, which indicated genome coverage of 2.3%. After the filtering process, a total of 2,670 SNPs with an average depth of 31.57 and the PIC (Polymorphic Information Content) value of 0.1~0.38 for 20 elite inbreds were obtained. Among those SNPs, 55 SNPs (5 SNPs per chromosome that are equally distributed on each chromosome) were selected. For the understanding genetic relationship of 20 elite inbreds, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) was carried out with 55 SNPs, which resulted in the classification of inbreds into 4 groups based on PC1 (52%) and PC2 (11%), thus causing differentiation between the inbreds. A similar classification pattern for PCA was observed from hierarchical clustering analysis. The SNP set developed in this study has the potential for application to cultivar identification, F1 seed purity test, and marker-assisted backcross (MABC) not only for 20 elite inbreds but also for diverse resources for watermelon breeding.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.131-134
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• 2016

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and also the second leading cause of cancer death among women and also in women that have a high mortality. Previous studies showed that magnesium (Mg) has cytotoxic effects on malignant cell lines. However, the anti-cancer effects of Mg on MCF-7 breast cancer cells are uncertain. This study was aimed at the comparison of the cytotoxic effect of Mg salt (MgCl2) and cisplatin on MCF-7 cells and fibroblasts (as normal cells). After treatment with various concentrations of MgCl2, and cisplatin as a positive control for 24 and 48 hours (h), cytotoxicity activity was measured by MTT assay. In addition, apoptosis was determined by annexin V/propidium iide assay. Both cisplatin and the MgCl2 exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in the MCF-7 cell line, although the LD50 of the Mg was significantly higher when compared to cispaltin ($40{\mu}g/ml$ vs. $20{\mu}g/ml$). Regarding annexin V/propidium results, treatment of MCF-7 cells with LD50 concentrations of cisplatin and Mg showed 59% and 44% apoptosis at 24h, respectively. Finally, the results indicated that Mg has cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells, but less than cisplatin as a conventional chemotherapeutic agent. However, regarding the side effects of chemotherapy drugs, it seems that Mg can be considered as a supplement for the treatment of breast cancer.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.44
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• pp.144-179
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• 2008

This paper explores the formation of global responsibility discourses in the elite US media used in promoting NATO's military interventions in the post-Cold War era. The case study of global responsibility discourses surrounding the Bosnian War (1992-1995) and the Kosovo Conflict (1998-1999) offers an account of the roles of the elite US media in foreign policy. The construction and articulation of global responsibility discourses in the elite US media were closely related to the US government's policy and were formed within the framework of US national interest and domestic responsibility. The cases of military intervention in the post-Cold War period imply that there were more fundamental structure and patterns by which the elite US media approached the 'humanitarian crises': 'benevolent domination' and the subsequent construction of a 'melodramatic national identity' in the war narratives. Presuming that the elite US media's discourse is a primary site for the public for experiencing and understanding distant suffering, this paper concludes that global responsibility discourses within the media may have dangerous ramifications for global democracy because the discourse of responsibility can potentially absorb the creative, progressive energies created by the public's awareness of responsibility on a global scale in order to reinforce the relations of domination.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the kinematic pattern of elite women 100m hurdler race from start to finish and analyze how the change of horizontal velocity makes an influence on the athletes' performance. The analysis was based on the performance of Korean elite 100m hurdler A and international elite hurdlers B and C. Following results were drawn from the analyzation of elite 100m hurdlers' technical characteristics; During the race, hurdler A made more than 8 m/s of horizontal velocity at the 3rd, 4th, 6th, and the 7th hurdle. The horizontal velocity peaked at the 4th hurdle with 8.23 m/s. On the other hand, hurdler B and hurdler C maintained more than 8 m/s of horizontal velocity from the 2nd hurdle through the 10th hurdle. Hurdler B's fastest horizontal velocity was 8.67 m/s from the 6th to the 7th hurdle and hurdler C's fastest horizontal velocity was 8.85 m/s from the 5th to the 8th hurdle. From the start line to the 3rd hurdle, the times achieved by hurdlers A, B, and C were 4.90 sec, 4.65 sec, and 4.52 sec. In the middle of the race, which is from the 4th hurdle to the 7th hurdle, hurdlers A, B, and C ran in 9.10 sec, 8.60 sec, and 8.38 sec. And the latter part of the race to the 10th hurdle, the times hurdlers A, B, and C hit were 12.32 sec, 11.66 sec, and 11.32 sec. To the finish line, it took 1.15 sec for hurdler A, 1.1 sec for B, and 1.06 sec for C. Hence, to set the record of sub-13 sec, hurdler A should improve her acceleration from the start line to the 1st hurdle with the speed more than 5.4 m/s and should maintain more than 8 m/s of horizontal velocity from the 2nd hurdle through the 10th hurdle. In addition, hurdler A should improve her speed endurance to minimize the deceleration of horizontal velocity from the 4th hurdle to the final hurdle. If hurdler A could shorten 0.05 sec of time in each hurdle section, she would be able to set the record under 13 seconds.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.1-20
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• 2017

This study tries to examine the emotion of the elite characters in Son Jangsoon's early novel, The Koreans. In this novel, most characters are found to have an envy feeling, except for two female characters, Heeyeon and Sue Han. Although the writer does not consciously explore the envy feeling here, she excellently represents the harmful effects of the envy feeling. In this novel, the envy feeling is related to the desire for success and its frustration. In 1960's, people had high expectation of improvement in their individual lives. The elite groups were more likely to have a successful life with good education. But in this novel, these elite people suffer from frustration of their desire and experience of the envy feeling. The impressive point in this novel is that not only females but also males are shown to have the envy feeling. Envious people have the tendency to compare themselves with people around them, to feel shame in an inferior position and to aspire for superiority. In these envious characters, the feeling of envy reveals their lack, their inferiority and it never provides them with the way to escape from their suffering situation. The writer suggests that the envy feeling can be overcome by pursuing other valuable things and focussing not on other people's desire but on their own desire.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.162-169
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• 2020

This study was conducted from November 25 to December 4, 2019, to unmask differences in physical fitness based on the weight class of high school Ssirum elite-players. A total of 28 high school Ssirum elite-players were compared and analyzed by measuring physical factors (muscle strength/power, agility, anaerobic power, aerobic ability, flexibility, and isokinetic muscle function) by weight class. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 23.0. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups. There was no difference by weight class in terms of grip strength, sit-ups, sergeant jump, long jump, flexibility, side step, and reaction time. Evaluation of back muscle strength revealed that the group with more than 100 kg had greater strength than lower weight categories, whereas it was lower in the sit-ups, 20 m shuttle run and the relative values anaerobic power. Considering isokinetic muscle function, no difference was observed between the groups of back muscle strength and knee joint. The results of this study indicate that amongst the high school Ssirum elite-players, there is no difference in muscle power, flexibility, agility, and anaerobic average power per body weight, isokinetic trunk strength, and knee flexion strength, when evaluated according to weight class.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.427-435
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• 2012

The purpose of this review study is to examine current status of dietary supplement use to enhance athletic performance capacity in elite athletes based upon anti-doping education, sports type, athletic performance capacity, gender, and age. Several previous review studies have focused on the biochemistry characteristics and intake incidence of dietary supplements and those studies have not showed enough evidence of the reason why elite athletes usually take dietary supplements. Anti-doping education may increase the incidence of dietary supplement use in elite athletes because of increasing expertise of dietary supplements. It would be expected that increased incidence of long-term dietary supplement use may induce positive effects on the body having potential effects on athletic performance capacity, although a trace of nutrients may not directly effect on the outcome of the game. Moreover, it seems that the difference of dietary supplement use based upon gender and age may come from sports type and the difference of dietary supplement intake reason may come from health and body condition maintenance rather than athletic performance capacity when considering dietary supplement use items based upon intake reasons. Most elite athletes consume at least over 2 dietary supplement items in a long period of time rather than 1 dietary supplement item in a short period of time; however, the scientific evidence of dietary supplement use seems to be insufficient. Therefore, further experimental approach studies concerning dietary supplement effects would be needed.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.169-196
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• 2024

In the House of the Parliament of Kazakhstan, which members are re-elected several times, while others are only first-term? Existing studies on the Kazakhstan political elites have mainly discussed the effect of clans on the appointment or replacement of elites. These studies have contributed to explaining the characteristics of Kazakhstan's clientelistic political structure, but the analysis of the relationship between political background and elite appointment or replacement is very poor. The purpose of this study is to analyze what characteristics of members have continuity in the 4th to 8th House of the Parliament of Kazakhstan. As a result, members with activities in Communist Party of the Soviet Union had a higher average seniority than those who did not in the 4th, 6th, and 7th House of the Parliament. And Nur Otan members had a higher average seniority than those who did not in 4th and 5th House of the Parliament. On the other hand, there was no difference in average seniority by local political experience, and the difference by elite type was only partially found in the 6th House of the Parliament. These results reflect the president's strategy for parliamentary control in that the parliament is used as a means of solidifying Kazakhstan's political regime as an authoritarian state. The significance of this study is that for the first time it empirically proved who sustains political survival in the House of the Parliament of Kazakhstan.