• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.517-521
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• 2005

Background : The balances of the proteinases and antiproteinases system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various exudative pleural effusions. The aim of this study was to examine the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels in exudative pleural effusions. Methods : The study included 33 tuberculous effusions, 17 malignant, and 5 transudates. The pleural levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were determined using a commercially available ELISA assay. Results : The group of tuberculous effusions showed higher pleural MMP-1 levels than the malignant and transudates. The pleural TIMP-1 levels of the tuberculous and malignant effusions were higher than the transudates. Conclusion : Elevated pleural MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels were found in tuberculous effusions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2018

Objective: Present investigation was aimed to study the Single Nucleotide Variants of the luteinizing hormone beta ($LH{\beta}$) gene and to analyze their association with the semen quality (fresh and post-thawed frozen semen) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in Murrah buffalo bulls. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and Sanger sequencing method is used to study genetic variability in $LH{\beta}$ gene. LH assay was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. A fixed general linear model was used to analyze association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of $LH{\beta}$ gene with semen quality in 109 and LH concentrations in 80 Murrah bulls. Results: $LH{\beta}$ gene was found to be polymorphic. Total six SNPs were identified in $LH{\beta}$ gene g C356090A, g C356113T, g A356701G, g G355869A, g G356330C, and g G356606T. Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism variants of pattern 2 of exon 1+pattern 2 of exon 2+pattern 1 of exon 3 had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on sperm concentration (million/mL), percent mass motility, acrosome integrity and membrane integrity in fresh and frozen semen whereas significant (p<0.05) effect was observed on percent live spermatozoa. SSCP variants of pattern 2 of exon 1+pattern 2 of exon 2+pattern 1 of exon 3 had highly significant (p<0.01) effect on luteinizing hormone concentrations too. Conclusion: The observed association between SSCP variants of $LH{\beta}$ gene with semen quality parameters and LH concentrations indicated the possibilities of using $LH{\beta}$ as a candidate gene for identification of markers for semen quality traits and LH concentrations in Murrah buffaloes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

Objectives : The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Hyperici Japonici Herba on the proliferation and activation of eosinophils which were prepared from lung cells of asthma-induced mice by ovalbumin(OVA) treatment. Methods : C57BL/6 mouse was exposed to OVA three times a week for 6 weeks. The mouse lung tissues were dissected out, chopped and dessiciated with collagenase(1${\mu}g$/ml). Eosinophils were activated by rIL-3/rmIL-5 co-treatments. The lung cells were treated with extract of Hyperici Japonici Herba(EHH), incubated for 48 hr at $37^{\circ}C$, and analyzed by flow cytometer. ELBA, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry stain. Results : The cell number ratio of granulocyte, $CD3e^-$/$CCR3^+$, $CD3e^+$/$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD23^+$/$B220^+$ cells was increased in rmIL-5/rIL-3 treated control group compared to the normal group. Cells numbers in the experimental animal group treated with EHH was all decreased. In ELISA analysis, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 protein levels and histamine release level were greatly increased in the control group compared to the normal animal group, then significantly decreased in the experimental group with 100 ${\mu}g$/ml of EHH treatment. In RT-PCR analysis, the HT value of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, CCR3, Eotaxin were increased in the control group compared to the normal animal group, then decreased in the experimental group with 100 ${\mu}g$/ml of EHH treatment. And eosinophil proliferation levels were 18847${\pm}$1527(cpm) in the control group, 4676${\pm}$972(cpm) in the positive control group, and 8675${\pm}$159(cpm), 11352${\pm}$1005(cpm), 14325${\pm}$677(cpm) in the experimental group with 100 ${\mu}g$/ml, 10 ${\mu}g$/ml, 1 ${\mu}g$/ml of EHH treatment. Conclusions : The present data suggested that Hyperici Japonici Herba may have an effects on the inhibition of parameters associated with asthma responses in eosinpophils, and thus implicate the possibility for the clinical application of EHH.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2002

Based on accumulated data during 1977-2001, seasonal fluctuations of migrated aphids at Daegwallyeong highlands were analyzed. In addition, rates of PLRV transmission by migrated aphids were investigated by inoculation on indicator plant, Physazis floridana, and ELISA in 2000-2001, and the change of PLRV transmission rates by aphids was compared with that of 1989-1991. The average migrated aphid population densities in 1976-1980, 1991-1995, and 1996-2000 were 575.2, 2959.4 and 2281.6, respectively, showing gradual increase in recent years. The average peak time of aphid migration was from early to mid June during 1977-2001, showing any significant differences over the years. The dominant species, however, changed slowly; before mid 1980s M. persicae flied dominantly, but after mid 1980s Aphis gossypii did. Hahm et al. (1991) reported that PLRV transmission rate of migrated aphids during 1989-1991 was 6.7-10.0%. In 2000-2001, however, migrated aphids at Daegwallyeong highland showed 10.1-11.0%. Although present PLRV transmission rate was slightly higher than that of 10 years ago, taking increased population densities and diversity of migrated aphids into account, there was no significant change of PLRV transmission rate over the years.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

This work was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Paulownia coreana Uyeki on abirritant, atopy and acne skin. Paulownia coreana Uyeki has been used as a traditional medicine having anti-febrile, anti-inflammation effect in Korea, Paulownia coreana Uyeki loaves were extracted with 70% EtOH. Its superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production were examined. The extract inhibitied the generation of NO and $PGE_2$ induced by LPS in the macrophage cell line (Raw 264.7). Consistent with the inhibitory effects on No and $PGE_2$ generation, the extract inhibited expression of iNOS and COX-2. In further study, it was found that the extract prevented $IkB-{\alpha}$ degradation, as demonstrated by western blot analysis of $IkB-{\alpha}$ protein level. However, the extract treatment did not affect cell viability at $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration in both human skin fibroblast and Raw 264.7 cells in vitro. Thus, the present study suggests that Paulownia coreana Uyeki leaves extract have significant anti-inflammatory activity and potential as an anti-irritation material.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.885-890
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• 2017

For the construction of the microbial monitoring method, anti-Salmonella polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were produced from a rabbit and purified by saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation and protein A affinity column. The reactivity of anti-Salmonella pAbs was compared to that of commercial ones by using an indirect ELISA. The specificity of anti-Salmonella pAbs was investigated using 20 Salmonella serotypes and 20 non-Salmonella strains. A capturing ability of anti-Salmonella pAbs was investigated by exposing antibody-immobilized gold biosensor to different concentration of Salmonella mixture. Anti-Salmonella pAbs were successfully produced and purified with an antibody concentration of 2.0 mg/mL The reactivity of purified anti-Salmonella pAbs was greater than that of commercial one at all tested concentrations. All Salmonella serotypes, except S. Diarizonae, showed excellent binding efficiency with purified anti-Salmonella pAbs. Moreover, the purified anti-Salmonella pAbs showed excellent specificity against all non-Salmonella strains. The anti-Salmonella pAbs immobilized on the gold biosensor demonstrated the successful capturing capability against Salmonella with a dose-response manner. Therefore, the anti-Salmonella pAbs exhibited sufficient reactivity, specificity, as well as capturing capability against Salmonella to be considered as a bio-recognition element.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1989

An analytical study was conducted using the Galerkin technique to determine behaviour of thin fibrereinforced and laminated composite pipes under soil pressure. Geometric nonlinearity and material linearity have been assumed. It is assumed that vertical and lateral soil pressure are proportional to the depth and lateral displacement of the pipe respectively. It is also assumed that radial shear stress is negligible because the ratio of thickness to the radius of pipe is very small. The above results are verified by the finite element analysis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

Numerous physiological effects are attributed to conjugated linoleic acid(CLA). The purpose of this study is to consider these effects with respect to the cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer. Both isomers are natural products. The c9,t11-CLA isomer is the principal dietary form of CLA, but the concentrations of this isomer and the t10,c12-CLA Isomer in dairy products or beef vary depending on the diet fed to cows or steers, respectively. The influence of dietary CLA isomers on the immune response was examined, body weight and weight ratio of organ to body of Balb/C mice. Mice were divided into four groups of 8 mice. Balb/C mice were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 1% CLA (c9,t11-CLA isomer : t10,c12-CLA isomer = 2:3) (Group 1), 1% CLA (c9,t11-CLA isomer t10,c12-CLA isomer : 1:1) (Group 2), 1% safflower oil (Group 3) or nothing (Control) for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, serum, gut lumen lavage, fat, liver, spleen and thymus were taken. Measurement of total immunoglobulin were executed using sandwich ELISA. Serum levels of IgA and IgM showed that group fed with t10,c12-CLA isomer significantly were higher than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. In addition serum level of IgG showed that group fed with t10,c9-CLA isomer significantly were lower than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. However, no significantly differences were observed in the serum IgE and secretory IgA. Weight ratio of spleen to body showed no significant differences. In weight ratio of liver and thymus to body, tl0,c9-CLA isomer significantly were respectively higher than group fed with c9,t11-CLA isomer. In weight ratio of fat to body, tl0,c9-CLA isomer significantly were respectively lower than group fed with c9,tl1-CLA isomer. In conclusion, t10,c12-CLA isomer produced a situation favorable for immunopotentiative effect and body composition. But it should be protected against hepatomegaly induced lipid accumulation in liver.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.63-81
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• 2005

Herbal acupuncture has been used to prevent and treat the cerebrovascular accident, such as a stroke, and many studies of acupuncture and moxibustion concerning to the stroke have been undertaken in the human and various animals. The main characteristics of herbal acupuncture are a combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine. It was not well known the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of herbal acupuncture on transient forebrain ischemic injury, although it has been used frequently in clinics. In this study, neuroprotective effects of folium artemisiae argyi (艾葉)' herbal acupuncture on the $LR_3$ (Taechung) on the transient forebrain ischemia were investigated in Sprague-Dawely rats. Expressions of cFos, FosB and BDNF protein in the hippocampus and cortex were observed at 2 hrs and 48 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia by immunohistochemistry and ELISA technique. Expression of cFos protein was increased slightly in the hippocampus and cortex at 2 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia, but FosB protein was increased highly comparing to cFos protein. However, pretreatment with folium artemisiae argyi' herbal acupuncture on $LR_3$ significantly increased expression of cFos protein and significantly decreased expression of FosB protein compared to control group. These features were observed in the motor cortex and retrosplenial granular cortex as well as the hippocampus. Also, pretreatment with folium artemisiae argyi' herbal acupuncture on $LR_3$ significantly increased the expression of BDNF protein in the hippocampus ($263.26{\pm}44.56pg/ml$ extracted by water, $275.35{\pm}51.47pg/ml$ extracted by moxa tar)and the cortex ($102.33{\pm}13.65pg/ml$ extracted by water, $109.54{\pm}9.37pg/ml$ extracted by moxa tar) compared to the hippocampus $(134.07{\pm}2.96pg/ml)$ and the cortex $(61.16{\pm}4.11pg/ml)$ in control group at 48 hrs after transient forebrain ischemia. These results suggest that pretreatment with folium artemisiae argyi'herbal acupuncture on $LR_3$ has neuroprotective effect on transient forebrain ischemia and the herbal acupunture on $LR_3$ may be related to antioxidative function of folium artemisiae argyi.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2015

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been more widely used to study pharmacology. Oxytectracycline (OTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and works by interfering with the ability to produce essential proteins of bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of exposure to OTC on behavioral changes or endocrine response in zebrafish. The behavioral effects of exposure to OTC (50, 100 or 200 mg/l) were characterized in several novelty-based paradigms such as the novel tank or open field test in zebrafish. Moreover, to investigate effects of exposure to OTC on endocrine response, we measured whole-body cortisol level using cortisol ELISA kit. As results of novel tank test, duration in top and immobile duration were significantly increased by the exposure to OTC in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). In addition, moving distance, highly mobile, velocity and zone transition were significantly decreased by the exposure to OTC in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). As results of open field test, the exposure to OTC increased immobile duration significantly (p<0.05). However, moving distance, mobile duration and velocity were significantly decreased by the exposure to OTC in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). Besides, the exposure to OTC elevated whole-body cortisol levels in zebrafish. These results suggest that the exposure to OTC may induce chemical stress in zebrafish.