• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this thesis is to examine the effect of acupuncture treatment at the GB37 on normal humans by using the power spectral analysis of the EEG. Methods : EEG (Electroencephalogram) power spectrum exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. In this thesis, the power spectrum was measured by the complexity. the 32 channels EEG study was carried out in the 13 subjects (12 males ; age=22.58 years old, 1 females ; 22 years old). Results : In the ${\alpha}$ (alpha) band, the power values at F7, F3, F4, F8, FTC2, C4, T4, CP1, CP2, TCP2, TT2, Pz, P4, Po1, Po2, O1, Oz, O2 channels (p<0.05) during the GB37-acupoint treatment were significantly changed. And in many channels were decreased. In the ${\beta}$ (beta) band, the power values at Cz, C4, T4, Tcp1, T6, Po1, O1, Oz, O2 channels (p<0.05) during the GB37-acupoint treatment were significantly changed. And in many channels were decreased. In the ${\delta}$(delta) band, the power values at Fp1, TT2 channels (p<0.05) during the GB37-acupoint treatment were significantly changed. And in many channels were decreased. In the $\theta$ (theta) band, the power values at Fp1, F8, FTC2, Pz channels (p<0.05) during the GB37-acupoint treatment were significantly changed. And in many channels were decreased. Conclusions : This results suggest that the acupuncture treatment at the GB37 significantly mostly change the power spectrum value on the alpha (18 channels), beta (9 channels) bands.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.968-975
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• 2014

This paper proposed a evaluation method for individual's subjective preferred location using EEG and emotional assessment. Visual stimulus were sequentially presented a total six points(the top and the bottom of the left, the top and the bottom of the center and the top and the bottom of the right on the screen). EEG were measured from twenty subjects according to each six points. At the same time, we were executed evaluation of subjects preferred location from emotional assessment. Alpha and beta wave were measured in Fp1, Fp2, F7 and F8 location, followed by ten to twenty electrode system. Correlations and variations of alpha and beta wave from each channel were calculated and analyzed. Because of the number of subjects population under 30, we used Speareman test for a correlation analysis between alpha and beta wave. Also, emotional assessments which compose of visual sense harmony, visual sense stability, stability of position and the visibility were performed and were analyzed by average and frequency. After visual stimulus, emotional assessments were performed. From the variance analysis of EEG, beta wave from F7 was appeared statistically significant as significance probability of 0.006. Also, between alpha wave and beta wave appeared a negative correlation(r=-0.190). From the post-hoc test of F7 beta wave, location 1, 5 and 6 appeared to difference statistically significant. Emotional assessment result according to six positions showed 0.00 significance probability. Thus, location and emotional assessment appeared to influence on each other. From the average and frequency analysis of emotional assessment, location 2 showed obtained of best emotional assessment score and appeared lower beta wave than other locations. Finally, most subjects showed a preference for location 2. Through obtained results in this paper, will be helpful to about human emotional assessment and EEG research.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between smartphone addiction propensities and compare muscle activity of the forearms and brain wave depend on the type of smartphone when inputting text messages. Method: We used an EMG to measure the change in muscle activity by attaching pads to the four muscles in both forearms of all 16 participants. We simultaneously conducted EEG measurements by observing the changes in alpha and beta waves recorded from electrode attached to both ears and the forehead of the participants. The participants had to input a given text using three different types of smartphones for ten minutes each. Result: The comparison of the EMG when inputting text involved a one way analysis of variance and the results showed that the iPad3 was highest for muscle activity followed by GALAXY Note2 and iPhone4. For EEG measurement, a one way analysis of variance was also used and the results showed iPhone4 was higest followed by GALAXY Note2 and finally iPad3 for EEG stress score. Conclusion: The results are thought to be used as reference data for smart phone users.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2002년도 추계공동학술대회 정보환경 변화에 따른 신정보기술 패러다임
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• pp.461-467
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• 2002

뇌에서 얻은 시계열 신호들은 대부분 불규칙하고 복잡한 파형을 가지고 있으며, 1980년대 중반까지만 해도 이러한 신호들은 확률론 과정(stochastic process)으로 발생된 '소음'(noise)으로 여겨졌다. 하지만 최근 들어 뇌에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되었고 EEG를 이용한 생체신호의 비선형분석에 관한 연구가 진행되면서 뇌에서 발생되는 신호는 의미 있는 신호로 분석되어지고 있다. 이에 비선형 분석방법인 상관차원을 이용하여 라벤더 향기 전과 향기 후의 뇌파의 변화를 분석하고, 주파수 대역별로 delta파, theta파, alpha파, beta파로 나누어서 라벤더 향이 뇌에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 즉, 뇌에서 발생되는 신호의 특징을 찾기 위해 다른 향보다 강하게 반응하는 라벤더 향을 후각자극으로 제시하여 EEG를 측정한 후, 16채널에 대한 상관차원을 구하고 라벤더 향이 뇌에 미치는 영향을 분석한다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2018

The colors of packaging of herbicides and non-selective herbicides on the market in Korea are defined as brown and red, respectively, according to the notification of RDA. The present study aimed to understand consumer's electroencephalographic (EEG) response when looking at brown and red colors of herbicide and non-selective herbicide packaging papers. The EEG cap was placed on the scalp of each participant (men and women, 10 to 20 years old) and white (control) - brown - white - red colors were sequentially displayed for 5 seconds using the computer monitor. The EEG was measured and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. For the brown color of the herbicide, men showed a decrease in concentration and a distracting response due to a decrease in the ratio of mid beta to theta (RMT) and the spectral edge of frequency (SEF90). In women, an increase in the ratio of SMR to theta (RSMT) and the spectral edge frequency 50% of the alpha (ASEF) was observed in different brain regions and these EEG changes may enhance the relaxation, stabilization and awakening states of the brain. For the red color of the non-selective herbicide, ASEF increased psychological stability in men. In women, a decrease in absolute high beta (AHB) may associate with a decrease in attention state of the brain. Overall data of the present study clearly revealed that the colors of two herbicides showed significantly different EEG response and gender difference.

• 한국산업정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업정보학회 2002년도 추계공동학술대회
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• pp.461-467
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• 2002

뇌에서 얻은 시계열 신호들은 대부분 불규칙하고 복잡한 파형을 가지고 있으며, 1980년대 중반까지만 해도 이러한 신호들은 확률론 과정(stochastic process)으로 발생된 '소음'(noise)으로 여겨졌다. 하지만 최근 들어 뇌에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되었고 EEG를 이용한 생체신호의 비선형 분석에 관한 연구가 진행되면서 뇌에서 발생되는 신호는 의미 있는 신호로 분석되어지고 있다. 이에 비선형 분석방법인 상관차원을 이용하여 라벤더 향기 전과 향기 후의 뇌파의 변화를 분석하고, 주파수 대역별로 delta파, theta파, alpha파, beta파로 나누어서 라벤더 향이 뇌에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 즉, 뇌에서 발생되는 신호의 특징을 찾기 위해 다른 향보다 강하게 반응하는 라벤더 향을 후각 자극으로 제시하여 EEG를 측정한 후, 16채널에 대한 상관차원을 구하고 라벤더 향이 뇌에 미치는 영향을 분석한다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propofol on cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in seven dogs. Propofol infusion was accomplished from low concentration to high concentration in series, and each concentration was infused for 20 minutes (M0: 0, M0.5: 0.5, M1.0:1.0, and M1.5: 1.5 mg/kg/min of infusion rate). EEG was recorded via needle electrode placed at Cz, which was applied to International 10-20 system. Arterial blood pressure. blood gas analysis and ECG were also measured. Hoemodynamics, Pa$CO_2$, PaO$_2$, heart rate and respiratory rate were variable, but were net significant(p>0.05). The power spectra of EEG in every concentration was compared wish those of control (MO). The powers at a1l frequencies at M1.0 and Ml.5 were decreased. Especially, the powers of the frequencies over 20 Hz were significantly decreased (p<0.O5). Powers at frequencies between 8 and 15Hz at MO.S were significantly increased (p<0.05) in response to the painful stimuli. It was inferred that they may reflect activity of the brain which is consciously processing the external Stimuli. Like the Power spectra, al1 the band powers of He EEG ($\delta$ 1-4, $\theta$4-8, $\alpha$ 8-13, $\beta$L13-21. $\beta$H 21-30, \ulcorner 30-50, and total 1-5OHz) were decreased in proportion to the increase of infusion rate at M1 .0 and M1.5. Especially, decrease of $\beta$H and ${\gamma}$ were significant(p<0.01). At M0.5, $\alpha$ band was significantly increased(p<0.05) among all the bands. Seizure activities which were concide with occurrence of spike wave were shown in all dogs at Ml .0 and M1.5.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2005

To assess anesthetic depth using quantitative electroencephalography (q-EEG), we recorded processed EEG (raw EEG) till 100 minutes in beagle dogs anesthetized for 60 minutes with tiletamine/zolazepam (n=5, TZ group), xylazine/ketamine (n=5, XK group) and propofol (n=5, PI group) by intermittent bolus injection. Raw EEG was converted into 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF) and median frequency (MF) through fast fourier transformation (FFT) method. 95% SEF value of TZ group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the XK group from 10 minutes to 100 minutes. 95% SEF value of PI group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the XK group from 10 minutes to 40 minutes, and significantly low (p<0.05) than XK group at 90 and 100 minutes. MF was significantly higher (p<0.05) in TZ group from 60 minutes to 100 minutes. Based on these results, using dissociative agent with ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic agent is more potent in CNS depressed than using dissociative agent alone, and low doses of propofol has a disinhibitory effect on CNS.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.167-179
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• 1999

냉동생물학 연구분야 중 동면의 기전은 미래의 우주과학과 저온생물학이 풀어야 될 중요한 과제로서, 박쥐를 비롯한 동면동물을 사용하는 응용과학에서 가장 주목을 받아 오고 있다. 동면동물의 동면돌입 현상이 체온하강과 함께 뇌 전도상 전간발작 (epileptic seizure)을 유도시킨다는 가설을 검증하기 위하여 여러 가지 박쥐를 포함하는 동면동물을 대상으로 박쥐의 정상 동면돌입과정과 전간발작유발인자인 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), pentylenetetrazol (metrazol), intermittent light stimulation (ILS)이 박쥐의 체온 (Tb), 심박률 (HR), 뇌전도 (EEG), 뇌영상 (brain mapping) 등에 미치는 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 정상 동면돌입과정에 있어서는 안주애기박쥐는 1∼2개의 고평부를 형성하지만 대체로 2시 간 후에 동면에 안정 (심박률 15회/분)되었고 작은갈색박쥐는 2시간 30분에 동면온도에서 안정되었다. THC는 햄스터의 체온을 감소시켰고, pentylenetetrazol (metrazol)의 유의한 체온하강효과는 볼 수 없었으나, ILS는 긴가락박쥐, 쇠박쥐의 체온과 심박률을 하강시켰으며, 문둥이박쥐는 정상적으로 동면돌입시 뇌전도상 epileptic seizure시 나타나는 뇌파 (3 spikes and wave/sec)를 나타내었으며, 사람의 경우 ILS 자극 (Intensity 4∼8, 20 flashes/sec)을 받은 9명 중 1명에서 epileptic seizure시의 EEG상의 뇌영상 (brain map) (우측 후두엽의 일부만이 활성)으로 추측되는 소견을 볼 수 있었다. 이상의 실험결과는, 북부 온대지방의 동면동물인 박쥐와 햄스터의 경우 동면돌입과 체온하강 및 전간발작과 상당한 관련성이 있음을 암시한다고 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.141-157
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study is to examine the effects of acupuncture at PC7(Daereung) on normal human EEG using power spectral analysis. Methods : EEG power spectrum exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. In this study, power spectrum was used as a measure of complexity. 30 subjects (16 males and 14 females; averaged age = 23.4 years) were engaged with thirty channel EEG study. Results : In $\alpha$(alpha) band, the power values at Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8 channels(p<0.05) during PC7 treatment were significantly decreased. But, the power values at Fz channel(p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment was significantly decreased. In $\beta$(beta) band, the power values at Fp1, Fp2 channels(p<0.05) during PC7 treatment were significantly decreased. But, the power values at Fz channel(p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment was significantly decreased and at F8, TCP2 channels(p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment were increased. In $\theta$(theta) band, the power values at Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8 channels(p<0.05) during PC7 treatment were significantly decreased. But, the power values at Fz channel(p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment was significantly decreased. In $\delta$(delta) band, the power values at Fp1, Fp2, F7, Fz, F8 channels (p<0.05) during PC7 treatment were significantly decreased. But, the power values at Fz channel (p<0.05) during non-acupoint treatment was significantly decreased. $\alpha/\beta$ values during PC7 treatment were decreased. $\beta/\theta$ values during PC7 treatment were decreased. Conclusion : These results suggest that acupuncture at PC7 induce the change on $\alpha$(alpha), $\beta$(beta), $\theta$ (theta), $\delta$(delta) wave values being decreased and and bothe $\alpha/\beta$ and $\beta/\theta$ values being decreased respectively. This is considered that acupuncture at PC7 affects the activity of cerebral cortex and endocrine system.