• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 2019

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitations associated with chronic inflammatory response due to noxious particles or gases in the lung. Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among inflammation, oxidative stress, and airflow limitation severity in retired miners with COPD. Methods: The levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP) as a biomarker for inflammation, degree of reactive oxygen metabolites(dROMs) and biological antioxidants potential(BAP) in plasma as biomarkers for oxidative stress were measured in 211 male subjects with COPD. Degree of airflow limitation severity as determined by spirometry was divided into three grades grouped according to the classification of the Global Initiatives for Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD)(1, mild; 2, moderate; $3{\leq}$, severe or more) using a fixed ratio, post- bronchodilator $FEV_1/FVC$ < 0.7. Results: Mean levels of dROMs significantly increased in relation to airflow limitation severity(GOLD 1, 317.8 U.CARR vs. GOLD 2, 320.3 U.CARR vs. GOLD $3{\leq}$, 350.9 U.CARR, p=0.047) and dROMs levels were correlated with serum hsCRP levels(r=0.514, p<0.001). Mean levels of hsCRP were higher in current smokers(non-smoker, 1.47 mg/L vs. smoker, 2.34 mg/L, p=0.006), and tended to increase with degree of airflow limitation severity(p=0.071). Mean levels of BAP were lower in current smokers(non-smoker, $1873{\mu}mol/L$ vs. smoker, $1754{\mu}mol/L$, p=0.006). Conclusions: These results suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress are related to airflow limitation severity in retired miners with COPD, and there was a correlation between inflammation and oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative and the anti-inflammatory effects of Danpitang(DPT) extract in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods : The macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells were used and MTT assay was performed to measure the cell viabilities at the various concentrations of DPT($50-400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Nitric oxide(NO) was measured in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Expressions of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were also performed by real-time PCR. Protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 was confirmed by western blot. The anti-oxidant activities of DPT was measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results : 1. There was no cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells treated with DPT compared to the control. 2. DPT treated group significantly inhibited NO production compared to the LPS treated group. 3. DPT treated group significantly decreased mRNA expressions of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 compared to the LPS treated group. 4. To evaluate the safety of the products for the human body, Adverse events, SCORAD Index Assessment were conducted; There were no severe adverse events during this study. And SCORAD Index showed a statistically significant decrease in treatment group in baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Therefore, it is suggested that products, if used for certain period, should be safe for the human body. 5. DPT was found to have high DPPH free radical scavenging ability. Conclusions : According to the above results, DPT can be used as a therapy in various anti-inflammatory skin diseases.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.307-318
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine effects of brewery meal-based fermented feedstuff supplemented with Aspergillus oryzae(AO) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae(SC) on luminal micro-organism of Korean native cattle. Two cows equipped with luminal cannulas were used as experimental animals. Experiment was done with three treatment groups: $71.5\%$ of commercial feed and $28.5\%$ of com silage(control): $45.0\%$ of commercial feed, $26.5\%$ of fermented feedstuff supplemented with AO and $28.5\%$ of corn silage(TAO): $45.0\%$ of commercial feed, $26.5\%$ of fermented ffedstuff supplemented with SC and $28.5\%$ of corn silage(TSC). The number of total viable bacteria (p<0.05), anaerobic fungi and protozoa(p<0.05) was higher in TAO and TSC than in control. The number of proteolytic bacteria(p<0.05), cellulolytic bacteria and xylan fermenters tended to be higher in TAO and TSC than in control. The dry matter recovery (DMR) of protozoa was higher in TAO and TSC than in control(p<0.05). The crude protein (CP) content of total microbes and protozoa was higher in TSC than in control and TAO (p<0.05). The CP content of bacteria was higher in TAO and TSC than in control(p<0.05). The ether extract(EE) content of the total microbes was higher in TAO than in control and TSC(p<0.05), and the EE of protozoa and bacteria were higher in TSC than in control and TAO(p<0.05). The ratio of essential amino acids of total microbe was higher in control than in TAO and TSC(p<0.05). The ratio of methionine and alanine of bacteria was higher in TAO and TSC than in control(p<0.05). The results suggested that the feeding of fermented feedstuff supplemented with AO or SC had an influence on the numbers of ruminal microorganism and the changes of microbial body composition.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2005

This study was conducted to compare and evaluate fermentable and nutritional characteristics of brewery meal-based fermented feedstuffs supplemented with Aspergillus oryzae (AO) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC). Experiments were divided into three treatment groups; fermented feedstuff supplemented with $1\%$ of AO(FFAO), fermented feedstuff supplemented with $1\%$ of SC(FFSC), and fermented feedstuff supplemented with $0.5\%$ of AO and $0.5\%$ of SC(FFAS). For changes of crude protein contents by 48 h fermentation, there were no significant differences among treatments. Ether extract(EE) contents were significantly increased by 48 h fermentation (p<0.05). Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) contents of FFAO, FFSC and FFAS were significantly decreased by 48 h fermentation(p<0.05), but acid detergent fiber(ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents were not different. The pH of FFAO and FFAS was decreased more rapidly than that of FFSC(p<0.05), reaching a plateau after 24 h. Alcohol content was increased rapidly until 18 h in FFAO and was increased rapidly until 12 h in FFSC and FFAS, and alcohol content of FFAO, FFSC and FFAS was maintained constantly after 24 h. The ammonia N content of FFAO, FFSC and FFAS was 0.022, 0.073 and $0.040\%$ at 48 h, respectively, and then ammonia N was over twice higher in FFSC than in FFAO and FFAS(p<0.05). Dextrose content was increased until 6 h in FFAO but was rapidly decreased in FFSC and FFAS until 6 h(p<0.05). Lactate content was higher in FFAO and FFAS than in FFSC(p<0.05). Consequently, when we added AO in formulation of fermented feedstuff with brewery meal which moisture content was high, EE, alcohol, and lactate contents were increased, but NDF and ammonia N contents were reduced. Therefore, it is expected that AO will be effective to increase the feed value and the preservation of fermented feedstuff with a high moisture content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1604-1609
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• 2003

A metabolism trial with four ruminally fistulated sheep was conducted in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to examine the effect of concentrate to roughage ratio (70:30 vs. 85:15) and oil source (soybean oil vs. rapeseed oil) on the ruminal fermentation pattern and $C_{18}$-fatty acids composition including trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (trans11-ODA) and cis9, trans11-18:2 (cis9, trans11-CLA) in the rumen fluid and plasma. Oil was added to the concentrate at 5% level of the total diet (DM basis) and chopped rye grass hay was fed as roughage. An increased level of concentrate (85%) within supplemented oil slightly lowered pH but increased ammonia concentration. Supplementation of rapeseed oil relatively increased pH and ammonia concentration. Higher concentrate level resulted in increased tendencies of total VFA concentration while oil source did not affect the total VFA concentration and VFA proportion. Whole tract digestibilities of DM, CP, EE, NDF and OM in diets slightly increased at higher concentrate level. Proportions of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) in the rumen fluid were influenced by the fatty acid composition of oil source but oil source did not affect the in vitro formations of trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA. Slightly increased trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA proportions, however, were observed from the sheep fed high roughage diet supplemented with both soybean oil and rapeseed oil. The $C_{18:1}$ and $C_{18:2}$ composition in supplemented oils responded to those in plasma of sheep. Effects of concentrate to roughage ratio and oil source on trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA proportions in plasma were found to be small. Proportion of cis9, trans11-CLA in plasma tended to be increased from the sheep fed high roughage diet and collection time at 9h post feeding.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2009

Aerosol Deposition (AD) is anovel way to fabricate bioactive ceramic coatings in biomedical implants and prostheses applications. In the present work, silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on commercially pure titanium were prepared by aerosol deposition using Si-HA powders. The incorporation of silicon in the HA lattice is known to improve the bioactivity of the HA, makingsilicon-substitute HA an attractive alternative to pure HA in biomedical applications. Si-HA powders with the chemical formula $Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6-x(SiO_4)x(OH)_2-x$, having silicon contents up to x=0.5 (1.4 wt%), were synthesized by solid-state reaction of $Ca_2P_2O_7$, $CaCO_3$, and $SiO_2$. The Si-HA powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). The corresponding coatings were also analyzed by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The results revealed that a single-phase Si-HA was obtained without any secondary phases such as $\alpha$- or $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) for both the powders and the coatings.The Si-HA coating was about $5\;{\mu}m$ thick, had a densemicrostructure with no cracks or pores. In addition, the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells grown on the Si-HA coatings were significantly higher than those on the bare Ti and pure HA coating. These results revealed the stimulatory effects induced by siliconsubstitution on the cellular response to the HA coating.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.775-779
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• 2008

Vallecular cyst is an uncommon but potentially dangerous condition causing stridor and has been associated with sudden airway obstruction resulting in death due to its anatomical location in neonates. It may also present with various degrees of feeding problems resulting in failure to thrive. When a vallecular cyst is suspected clinically, endoscopic laryngoscopy is necessary to visualize it. Other conditions leading to neonatal stridor such as laryngomalacia and other laryngotracheal abnormalities should be ruled out. Marsupialization with a $CO_2$ laser is the most effective and safest treatment to prevent recurrence. We report a case of a 1-month-old male infant with a vallecular cyst synchronous with gastroesophageal reflux, and failure to thrive. He was referred to our hospital because of hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, feeding-cyanosis, chest retraction and failure to thrive. Diagnostic workup revealed a cyst at the tongue base, suggesting a vallecular cyst. The cyst was removed by laryngomicrosurgery with $CO_2$ laser. After the surgery, the symptoms improved and the body weight increased steadily. We report a successfully treated case of neonatal vallecular cyst with symptoms of upper respiratory obstruction, gastroesophageal reflux, and failure to thrive.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.771-777
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• 2007

Several endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs) were monitored to evaluate the estrogenic activities and the concentrations by yeast two-hybrid assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in sewage treatment plant(STP) which consist of industrial and domestic line. In the influent of domestic line, estrone, 17$\beta$-estradiol, 17$\alpha$-ethinylestradiol and alkylphenolethoxylate(APE) were detected up to 167.1, 39.7, 7.3 and 145.4 ng/L, respectively. The average removal efficiency of 17$\beta$-estradiol after the activated sludge process was 77.5% and further removed to 80.8% after the sand filtration-ozonation step. These results suggests that the activated sludge process has limited potential to remove the estrogenic activity effectively. The contributions of the estrogenic chemicals to the estrogenic activities were 70.7, 23.3, 3.7 and 2.3% for estrone, 17$\beta$-estradiol 17$\alpha$-ethinylestradiol and APE, respectively, in the domestic line effluents. Therefore, 17$\beta$-estradiol and estrone contributed most of the estrogenic activity in the domestic line effluents.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

The gonad index (GI), reproductive cycle with gonad developmental phases, first sexual maturity and the sex ratio of the jedo venus, Protothaca jedensis, on the coastal waters of Boryeong, Korea were investigated by histological study. Samples were collected from the subtidal zone of Boryeong, Korea from January to December, 1999. Monthly changes in the gonad index in femal and male clams gradually increased from February and reached the maximum in May, and then the values rapidly decreased from June and reached the minimum in November as seen in variations of the reproductive cycle. The spawning period of this species was once a year between May and July, there was a spawning peak between June and July when seawater temperature was over 20$^{\circ}C$. The reproductive cycle of this species in female and male clams can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage (December to March), late active stage (February to June), ripe stage (April to July), partially spawned stage (May to July) and spent/inactive stage (July to January). Percentages of first sexual maturity of female and male clams of 30.1-35.0 mm in shell length were 52.6% and 60.0%, respectively, and 100% for the clams over 45.1 mm in shell length. The sex ratio of individuals > 30.1 mm in shell length was 1:1 (X$^2$ = 0.40, p > 0.05).

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 1998

Spermatogenesis and reproductive cycle of the razor clam, solen grandis, were investigated monthly by histological and cytological observations. Samples were collected from natural intertidal population at Oshik-do, Kunsan, Korea, for one year, beginning from January to December, 1993. solen grandis is dioecious. Morphological structures of the spermatozoon of this species ar esimilar to those of other bivalve spermatozoa having a primitive type; i.e., a small head, a cap-shaped acrosome and a short mid-piece with four mitochondria surrounding axial filament. The head of spermatozoon is approximately 2 \mu m in length and sperm tail is about 20 \mu m long. The axoneme of tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of peripheral microtubules at the periphery and a pair of central microtubules at the center. Four spherical mitochondria form the paranucleus. Spawning occures once a year between early June and July, and the main spawning was observed in July when seawater temperature reaches above 20 \circ C. The reproductive cycle of male razor clam can be divieded into fivesuccessive stages; early active (December to january), late active (January to march), mature (March to early August), partially spawned (June to July), and spent/inactive stage (August to December).