• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.637-640
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• 2006

1997년 외환위기와 국내외 회계부정 사건들로 인하여 회계투명성 확보가 중요하게 부각되면서 산출된 재무정보에 대한 신뢰성만을 평가, 공시하던 기존의 재무보고 모형과 달리 재무정보 산출물뿐만 아니라 이 정보의 일련의 생성과정을 평가하고 결과를 공시하는 재무보고 내부통제시스템이 만들어지고 있다. 현재의 재무보고 내부통제시스템은 기존의 재무회계 정보시스템과 별도로 구성되어 재무정보 생성과정에서 필요로 하는 평가, 승인 및 인증 시통제에 대한 낮은 확신을 제공하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 다양한 환경에 유연하게 적용할 수 있고 기존 시스템과의 연동을 쉽게 할 수 있는 J2EE 아키텍처를 활용하여 재무회계 정보시스템과 인터페이스를 통하여 주요 재무정보를 추출 EJB 컴포넌트로 구성하고 이 컴포넌트를 활용하여 수동통제보다는 자동통제를 할 수 있고 적발통제보다는 예측통제를 가능하게 하는 AC EJB 컴포넌트가 적용된 재무보고 내부통제시스템 개선 방안을 제시한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

External lyogels containing prostaglandin $E_1$ ethyl ester $(PGE_1-EE)$, a prodrug of prostaglandin $E_1\;(PGE_1)$ as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were formulated to overcome the aqueous instability and enhance the percutaneous absorption. Lyogels of $PGE_1-EE$ were prepared with ethanol (EtOH)/proplyene glycol (PG) cosolvent system as a vehicle, cineol as an enhancer, and hydroxypropylcellusose as a gelling agent. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies were performed to determine the rate of $PGE_1$ absorption through rat or hairless mouse skin. The permeability of $PGE_1-EE$ lyogel with enhancer was 16-fold greater than that of lyogel without enhancer. Cosolvent produced 9-fold increase in percutaneous absorption. Pharmacodynamic effects of lyogels were evaluated in mature male cats in terms of intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Lyogels containing 0.1 % of $PGE_1-EE$ showed higher ICP compared to intraurethral preparation of $PGE_1$ (1 %) and enhancer-free control lyogel. The shelf-life $(t_{10%})$ of lyogel at refrigerated condition $(4^{\circ}C)$ was calculated as 928 days, which is 4.2 times longer than that of control hydrogel. As a result, $PGE_1-EE$ was formulated successfully to a lyogel system with a selective enhancer and cosolvent system for the topical delivery of $PGE_1$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 1996

Three hundred and twenty-four 1 day old chicks were used to determine the effects of fat source and energy to protein ratio on growth performance , carcass composition and the efficiency on nutrient utilization. Chicks were assigned. in a completely randomized design, to 3*3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Chicks received one of three fat sources (n0 fat, tallow, corn oil) and one of three energy to protein ratios(16, 14 and 12kcal ME/g CP). All diets were formulated to be isocaloric(3.2Mcal ME/kg diets) using published ME values for the diet ingredients. Addition of tat to the diet increased ADG, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased percentage body DM and ether extract(EE), but percentage CP was not different, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased efficiency of protein and energy deposition. Addition of fat ad either fallow or corn oil yielded similar results. Reducing the energy to protein ratio of the diet did not affect ADG or gain to feed, but tended to decrease average daily feed intake(p=0.80), as well as resulting in linear(p<0.05) reductions in body percentage DM., EE and also total EE. Increasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect percentage or total body Cp. Adding fat to poultry diets improved growth performance and the efficiency of growth chicks. Decreasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect growth performance, but reduced EE in the body of Chicks.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1985 no.06
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• pp.22-25
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• 1985

본고에서, "나선형 주사 방법에 의한 고속 NMR 영상화" 방법을 제안하고 그에 따른 실험 결과를 보였다. 이것은 2차원 FID 영역을 나선형 궤적으로 스캐닝하며 데이타를 받을 수 있도록 경사 자계 파형 (gradient pulse)을 가하여 빠른 시간에 (수십 msec - 수초)내에 영상 정보를 얻어낸 후, 재구성 알고리즘을 씀으로써 영상을 얻어내는 방법이다. 이 방법의 장점은 첫째로 $T_2$ 감쇄에 의한 PSF (Point Spread Function)가 윈형 대칭으로 주어지므로 영상화 했을때 물체의 구조 식별이 기존의 EPI (Echo Planar Imaging) 방법에 비해서 선명하며, 둘째로 나선형 궤적을 구현하기 의한 경사 자계 파형에서 불연속 점을 없앰과 동시에 파형의 세기가 점차로 증가하는 형태이므로, 기존의, 파형 왜곡에 의해 영상에 미치는 영향을 최소화 할 수가 있으며, 세째로 나선형 스캔을 사이 사이에 끼워 넣는 방법을 씀으로써 해상도를 향상시킬 수가 있다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.264-269
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• 2006

A $0.12GHz{\sim}1.4GHz$ DLL-based clock generator with the capability of multiplied four phase clock generation was designed using a 0.18um CMOS process. An adaptive bandwidth DLL with a regulated supply delay line was used for a multiphase clock generation and a low jitter. An extra phase detector (PD) in a reference DLL solves the problem of the initial VCDL delay and achieves a fast lock time. Twice multiplied four phase clocks were generated at the outputs of four edge combiners, where the timing alignment was achieved using a coarse lock signal and the 10 multiphase clocks with T/8 time difference. Those four clocks were combined one more time using a static XOR circuit. Therefore the four times multiplication was achieved. With a 1.8V supply, the rms jitter of 2.1ps and the peak-to-peak jitter of 14.4ps were measured at 1.25GHz output. The operating range is $0.12GHz{\sim}1.4GHz$. It consumes 57mW and occupies 450*325um2 of die area.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2016

This study was to evaluate the effect of ginseng (Panax ginseng) seed oil on the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase. Each ginseng seed oils (HE, SE, EE) exhibited a significant inhibitory effect (p<0.001) at all concentrations (10 and 20 mg/ml) on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity. HE is the highest inhibitory activity (86.92%) at a concentration of 20 mg/ml, SE and EE showed an inhibitory effect of 77.13% and 65.83%, respectively. And also, Each ginseng seed oils (HE, SE, EE) exhibited a significant inhibitory effect (p<0.001) at all concentrations (1 and 2 mg/ml) on ${\alpha}$-amylase activity. HE is the highest inhibitory activity (89.68%) at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, SE and EE showed an inhibitory effect of 76.99% and 65.70%, respectively.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.19-44
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• 2021

Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is receiving increased investments in the energy sector under the belt and road initiative (BRI) project since its inception in 2013. SSA has a worse energy efficiency ratio coupled with deficient electricity access, through analysis showed varied impacts on the SSA countries due to the BRI initiative. This study dilves into the influencing factors for Energy Efficiency (EE) in 38 SSA countries, applying the probit and logit approach for 2000-2018. The Multiple-regression model shows significant results of some variables such as foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and port infrastructure quality being significant on EE under BRI initiative countries. However, the logit and probit models produce similar results and the marginal effect for the entire variable, except energy imports that do not likely impact EE. Furthermore, the interaction of quality of port infrastructure and foreign direct investment variables produces significant results, highlighting the increased investments SSA receives under the BRI initiative in the energy and transport sectors. The model Percent correctly predicted (PCP) value was about 84%, indicating it correctly classified the variables and about 16% not classified. The study recommends EE performance standards should be incorporated on energy projects in SSA to ensure that these projects are energy efficient and decouple SSA's energy demand from economic growth. The research proffers suggestions for policy regarding the BRI initiative in SSA and the implications on sustainable energy and building a community with a shared future.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.907-925
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• 2002

Due to the emersion of J2EE(Java 2, Enterprise Edition), many enterprises inside and outside of the country have been developing the enterprise applications appropriate to the J2EE model. With the help of the component model of Enterprise Java Beans(EJH) which is the J2EE core technology, we can develop the distributed object applications quite simple. EJB application can be implemented by using the component-oriented object transaction middleware and the most applications utilize the distributed transaction. EJB developers can concentrate on the business logic because the EJB server covers the middleware service. Due to these characteristics, EJB technology became popular and then the study for EJB based application has been done quite actively However, the research of metrics for measuring the performance during run-time of the EJB applications has not been done enough. Tn this paper, we explore the workflow for the EJB application service on the run-time and classify the internal operation into several elements. We propose the metrics for evaluating the performance up to the bean level by using the classified elements. First, we analyze the lifecycle according to the bean types which comes from the EJB application on the run-time as to extract each factor used in performance measurement. We also find factors related to a performance and allocate the Performance factors to the metrics as the bean types. We also consider the characteristics like the bean's activation and message passing which happens during bean message call and then analyze the relations of the beans participating in the workflow of the application to make the workflow performance measurement possible. And we devise means to bring performance enhancement of the EJB application using the propose.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of conventional culture and real-time PCR for detection of Cronobacter spp. in powdered foods. Infant formula, baby food and Misugaru inoculated with Cronobacter were enriched in distilled water as first enrichment step, followed by incubating in Enterobacteriaceae enrichment (EE) broth as second enrichment step. A loopful of enriched sample was streaked onto Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen agar, followed by incubating at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. One milliliter of the enriched distilled water and EE broth were used in real-time PCR assay. No statistical differences were observed in the number of positive samples between culture method and real-time PCR (p>0.05) in all types of food samples. The number of positives of real-time PCR was higher in the first enrichment media (distilled water) than the second enrichment media (EE broth), though there was no significant difference (p>0.05). It appears that some components of the second enrichment broth, EE broth, inhibit the reaction of real-time PCR. These results show that real-time PCR using a single enrichment with distilled water could be useful as an effective screening method for detection of Cronobacter while saving much time and labor compared to conventional culture method.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.250-255
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• 2010

This study examined the physiological activities as well as the total polyphenol and flavonoid content of water extract (WE), ethanol extract (EE) and hot water extract of Calystegia japonica leaves under high pressure (HWE). The xanthine oxidase inhibitory rate of EE was the highest with a value of 98.89% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, whereas the rate of WE and HWE was over 90% at a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of HWE was the highest at 18.88%. The nitrite scavenging abilities were 64.59-66.46% at conditions of pH 1.2 and 1.0 mg/mL, and 52.78-55.89% at pH 3.0. The electron donating ability of EE was the highest with a value of 84.80% at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. All extracts showed the highest degree of electron donating at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ mL, and this effect decreased as the extract concentration increased. The EE had the highest content of total polyphenol compound (173.89 mg/g) and flavonoid compounds (40.68 mg/g).