• ETRI Journal
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.513-519
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• 2004

This paper presents a low power 16-bit adiabatic reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor with efficient charge recovery logic (ECRL) registers. The processor consists of registers, a control block, a register file, a program counter, and an arithmetic and logical unit (ALU). Adiabatic circuits based on ECRL are designed using a $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. An adiabatic latch based on ECRL is proposed for signal interfaces for the first time, and an efficient four-phase supply clock generator is designed to provide power for the adiabatic processor. A static CMOS processor with the same architecture is designed to compare the energy consumption of adiabatic and non-adiabatic microprocessors. Simulation results show that the power consumption of the adiabatic microprocessor is about 1/3 compared to that of the static CMOS microprocessor.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2013

This study examined differences in the activity of upper limb muscles according to how an ultrasound head is gripped. Twenty-two adult males were participated in the study. Each participant was asked to apply ultrasound treatment on to a lump of pork meat by two different ultrasound head grip patterns: spherical and cylindrical grips. Muscle activity was measured in the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and pronator teres (PT), triceps brachii (TB), middle deltoid (MD), and upper trapezius (UT) muscles. There were no significant differences in the EMG signals of any muscle according to the ultrasound head grip pattern (p>.05). There were significant differences in the EMG signal of each type of muscle (p<.05). The EMG signal of UT was the lowest and that of TB was lower than ECRL and FCU. There were interactions between ECRL and FCU, between ECRL and PT, between FCU and ECRL, and between FCU and MD. The EMG signal of ECRL using the cylindrical head was low and that of FCU with the cylindrical head was high, while the opposite was the case with the spherical head ($p_{adj}$ <.05/15). The results of this study indicate that the wrist muscles worked actively when the participants applied ultrasound therapy using both spherical and cylindrical heads. A spherical head might induce imbalanced muscle activity among the wrist muscles, leading to deviation of the wrist joint. Therefore, the cylindrical head is recommended for ultrasound therapy because it produced a constant, repeated force.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

단열회로를 이용한 16-bit 저전력 마이크로프로세서를 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 설계한 마이크로프로세서는 콘트롤 블록, 멀티포트 레지스터 파일, 프로그램 카운터 그리고 ALU로 구성되어 있다. 또한 저전력 단열 프로세서에 필요한 효율적인 4-phase 전원클럭 발생기도 설계하였다. 단열회로는 ECRL(Efficient Charge Recovery Logic)을 기반으로 설계되었고 0.35㎛ CMOS 공정을 이용하여 구현하였다. 단열프로세서와 일반적인 프로세서와 에너지를 비교하기 위해서 CMOS를 기반으로 한 프로세서를 설계하여 에너지 비교를 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 기존의 CMOS 프로세서보다 2.9∼3.1배의 에너지 감소효과를 보였다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2003

A 16-bit adiabatic low-power Micro-processor core is designed. The processor consists of control block, multi-port register file and ALU. A simplified four-phase clock generator is designed to provide supply clocks for adiabatic processor. All the clock line charge on the capacitive interconnections is recovered to recycle the energy. Adiabatic circuits are designed based on ECRL(efficient charge recovery logic) and $0.35\mu\textrm$ CMOS technology is used. Simulation results show that the power consumption of the adiabatic Microprocessor core is reduced by a factor of 2.9~3.1 compared to that of conventional CMOS Microprocessor

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2004

단열회로를 이용하여 16-bit ALU와 단열회로에 4가지 위상을 가지는 전원클럭을 공급하기 위한 전원클럭 발생기를 설계하였다. 4개의 전원클럭 신호선의 전하는 AC 형태의 전원클럭을 통해서 복원되어 에너지 소모를 줄인다. 구현에 사용한 단열회로는 ECRL(efficient charge recovery logic) 형태를 기본으로 하였으며 0.35㎛ CMOS 공정을 사용하여 설계하였고 3.3V 전원을 사용하였다. 회로설계 후 layout을 진행하였으며, layout 후 LPE(layout parasitic extraction)를 수행하여 이를 모의실험에 사용하였다. 모의실험결과 전원클럭 발생기를 포함한 단열회로를 이용한 ALU는 동일한 구조를 갖는 기존의 CMOS ALU보다 1.15～1.77배 정도의 에너지소모를 감소 시켰다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.526-534
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activities of stroke patients and healthy participants during bimanual tasks. Design: A cross sectional study. Methods: A total of 25 participants (13 hemiparetic stroke patients and 12 healthy participants) were recruited. The muscle activities using electromyogram (EMG) during bimanual tasks were collected from the following muscles: extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii (TB). The bimanual tasks included eight tasks consisted of (1) raising the wrists up and down, (2) supinating and pronating the palms, (3) touching the shoulder with fingertips, (4) drawing vertical dot, (5) reaching for a cup and bring it in to drink, (6) drawing a circle outward and (7) inward, and (8) grasping the fingers. The EMG data collected from the muscles of paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients and the average from both sides of healthy subjects were normalized and compared after calculating the percentage of maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Results: The ECRL, BB and TB of the paretic side of the stroke patients showed relatively greater muscle activity compared to the non-paretic side as well asaverage of the healthy subject duringall tasks (p<0.05). In addition, the ECRL showed the highest muscle activity during most of the tasks. All of the non-paretic side musclesfrom stroke patients showed higher muscle activity compared to those of healthy subjects. Conclusions: The current study showed that muscle activities of upper extremity varied between paretic and non-paretic sides of stroke patients during bimanual tasks. Interestingly, the non-paretic side muscle activities were also different from those of normal participants.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2001

단열회로를 이용한 8-b×8-b 파이프라인 승산기와 4가지 위상을 가지는 전원클럭을 공급하기 위한 개선 된 구조의 전원클럭 발생기를 설계하였다. 전원클럭 신호선의 전하는 복원되어 에너지 소모를 줄인다. 단열회로는 ECRL 형태를 기본으로 하였으며 0.6㎛ CMOS 공정을 사용하여 설계하였다. 개선된 전원클럭 발생기는 기존회로보다 4∼11% 정도 효율이 높았다. 모의실험결과 제안하는 단열회로 승산기는 CMOS 승산기보다 2.6∼3.5배 정도의 에너지를 감소시켰다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.43-43
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• 2001

단열회로를 이용한 8-b×8-b 파이프라인 승산기와 4가지 위상을 가지는 전원클럭을 공급하기 위한 개선 된 구조의 전원클럭 발생기를 설계하였다. 전원클럭 신호선의 전하는 복원되어 에너지 소모를 줄인다. 단열회로는 ECRL 형태를 기본으로 하였으며 0.6㎛ CMOS 공정을 사용하여 설계하였다. 개선된 전원클럭 발생기는 기존회로보다 4∼11% 정도 효율이 높았다. 모의실험결과 제안하는 단열회로 승산기는 CMOS 승산기보다 2.6∼3.5배 정도의 에너지를 감소시켰다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 거울되먹임치료를 이용하여 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 근육 활성도와 상지 기능적 평가에 미치는 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 환자는 거울되먹임 치료군 8명과 동작관찰 훈련군 8명으로 나누어 총 8주간 주 5회, 30분간 시행하였고, 상지 기능을 평가하기 위해 뇌졸중 기능회복 평가와 도수 기능 검사를 이용하였다. 위등세모근, 중간어깨세모근, 위팔두갈래근, 노쪽손목굽힘근, 긴노쪽손목폄근의 근활성도를 평가하기 위해 표면 근전도 시스템을 이용하였고, 연구 결과 노쪽손목굽힘근을 제외한 위등세모근, 중간어깨세모근, 위팔두갈래근, 긴노쪽손목폄근의 근활성도와 뇌졸중 기능회복 검사, 도수 기능 검사 점수에서 대조군과 실험군 모두 전, 후 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이에 따라 거울되먹임 치료가 동작관찰 훈련보다 상지 근활성도와 상지 기능을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
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• pp.1563-1566
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• 2002

A 16-bit adiabatic datapath for micro-power RISC processor is designed. The datapath is composed of a 3-read and 1-write multi-port adiabatic register file and an arithmetic and logic unit. A four-phase clock generator is also designed to provide supply clocks fer adiabatic circuits and the driving capability control scheme is proposed. All the clock line charge on the capacitive interconnections is recovered to recycle energy. Adiabatic circuits are designed based on efficient charge recovery logic(ECRL) and are implemented using a 0.35 fm CMOS technology. Functional and energy simulation is carried out to show the feasibility of adiabatic datapath. Simulation results show that the power consumption of the adiabatic datapath including supply clock generator is reduced by a factor of 1.4∼1.5 compared to that of the conventional CMOS.