• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2013

The expression of transgenic traits in genetically modified crops is sometimes associated with decreases in crop performance or fitness. These decreases in performance or fitness of transgenic plants in unfavourable conditions may provide valuable information about the ecological consequences of transgene escape. In a glasshouse trial, we tested the cost associated with resistance to herbicides by comparing the growth, yield, and competitive ability of transgenic rice with its parental non-transgenic line. This new line was developed for constitutive overexpression of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) to increase resistance to herbicides. We evaluated nine agronomic traits of transgenic and non-transgenic rice grown in a replacement series design over four densities. Competitive ability was also assessed between transgenic and non-transgenic plants by analyzing their relative yields based on biomass and seed weight data. Our results indicated that non-transgenic plants showed greater performance than did the transgenic plants when those genotypes were grown in mixtures. The non-transgenic rice plants exhibited superior competitive ability at certain combinations of planting densities and genotype proportions. These results suggest that PPO-herbicide resistance incurs some costs in plant performance and competitive ability.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

The goal of this paper is to determine the suitability evaluation indices of a riverside reservoir space planning by classifying major indicators and calculating AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) based weights of them. The major indicators were set up based on literature review and questionnaire survey to experts. Four indicator categories were developed: location, environment, resource availability and economical efficiency. And they were divided into 12 sub-categories for calculating AHP-based weights. First, as for the major indicator categories, the calculation shows that the weighted index of environment is the most important at 0.458, followed by location at 0.128, economical efficiency at 0.170 and resource availability at 0.154. This suggests that environment is getting more public attention and the reservoir is regarded as a facility that is connected to a river. Those weight values were considered in calculating final weights for each of 12 sub-categories. Among them water quality and ecological environment take top ranks at 0.190 and 0.186, respectively. The lower ranks include access 0.112, resource availability of site 0.082, tourism resource 0.078, users 0.076, available land 0.052, area of site 0.031, shape of site and deterioration level 0.030 and percentage of private land 0.030 - which represents general considerations in other space planning. The difference of the top rank (water quality, 0.190) and the last one (percentage of private land, 0.027) is 0.163. The above result shows that users regard environmental aspect and resource availability more important than easiness of construction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.39-60
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• 2018

National parks are designated for the purpose of maintenance, conservation and utilization of different habitats. Therefore, it is necessary to select habitats of a high value as a protected area in order to balance conservation and development. However, the existing national park boundary adjustment and new designation criteria only focused on the endangered species and protected area, without proper evaluation of the habitat value of actual species. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively evaluate habitat function in terms of biodiversity and habitat value, so that it can be referred to for the designation and boundary adjustment of national parks. We assessed species diversity and habitat values for each of the habitat types, for mammals only, as they are able to choose preferred habitats. In order to evaluate biodiversity, we used Maxent to derive species richness map and used InVEST's Habitat quality model to evaluate habitat value. As a result of evaluation, species richness was high in the national park boundary area. Also, even if the same edge is adjacent to the development area depending on the land cover, the species richness is low. Compared with Wolaksan and Sobaeksan National Park, the species richness and habitat value of the northern area, which is connected with other forests, were higher than those of the southern area where roads were developed. Therefore, it is expected that the use of the result of this study for the national park boundary adjustment and management will enhance the function of the national park as a habitat.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.169-180
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• 2014

Since Seoul city supplied 'Sangsang Children's Park', domestic children's parks are changing from formal facilities to creative play space recently. From eco-friendly safe playground model development project, the awareness of eco-friendly playground, namely children's park is increasing and its necessity is magnified. However, we could not know how well most children's parks aimed at the eco-friendly playground reflect eco-friendly features and whether they are eco-friendly or not because there are not the specific planning guidelines and evaluation standards for making the eco-friendly playground or children's park. Therefore, in this study we established the environment-friendliness evaluation standards of children's parks and estimated the environment-friendly features of the 9 parks built on the subject of green among Sangsang Children's Parks. In the observational survey of the 9 parks, we evaluated the environment-friendliness of these parks in the 8 fields(location and placement, ecological environment, play space, play equipment and facilities, additional facilities, materials and resources, energy saving, environmental load reduction) according to the levels(suitable, partial reflection, unsuitable, non-reflection) of reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. The assessment results showed that 4 items (location and placement, additional facilities, play space, play equipment and facilities) were suitable and others (energy saving, environmental load reduction, ecological environment, materials and resources) were partial reflection or unsuitable. Therefore, on the basis of these results, this study proposed the planning indicators to be considered first and the planning factors that should be complemented and improved in the construction of eco-friendly children's park in future.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

Riverside forests make a river bank stable because trees of them hold together the stone and soil by roots and decrease the speed of running fluid by trunks. So they become known to have positive effects on flood prevention. So This study will be a basic study to preserve and restore of riverside forests. The goal of this study is to classify types of Han riverside forests between Yangpyeng and Yeoju gun. and find out sites of planting. Results of this study can be summarized as follows; The evaluation indicators were set up based on literature review and site survey. Two indicator categories were developed: natural environment and human environment. And they were divided into 5 sub-categories for calculating weights. As for the major indicator categories, the weighted index of natural environment is at 0.5. And the weighted index of human environment is at 0.5 followed by access at 0.15, the range of user at 0.15, cultivated land at 0.1 and legislation at 0.1. This study selected 53 sites for riverside forests planting. They were classified with types of bank(11), level-upped riverside(32), island(10). The amount of the length of 11 bank types is 23,050m, the area of 32 level-upped riverside types is $4,490,000m^2$ and the area of 10 island types is $4,590,000m^2$. After the evaluation of 53 riverside forests, this study selected 12 sites of riverside forests. They were two bank types, nine level-upped riverside types, and one island type. Rebuilding riverside forests are to accomplish the green network which links and divides region. It will be one of the best ecological methods to construct friendly environmental region.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2020

This study was conducted as a basic study to develop the HSI(Habitat Suitability Index) model of Pelophylax chosenicus based on the research on the ecological and habitat status of Pelophylax chosenicus and the literature research on the HSI model. The habitat variables of Pelophylax chosenicus are the altitude of the spawning pond, the habitat area, the distance from wetland, the soil(aptitude grade for paddy field), the place for eating such as paddy field and wetlands(land cover) and the distance from Predator(Lithobates catesbeianus) distribution area. Based on the existing literature of Pelophylax chosenicus, the results of field surveys and expert opinions, the SI(Suitability Index) model and HSI model were developed and applied to the site to examine the applicability of the HSI model. As a result of application, SI 4 and SI 5 with varying SI values seem to have a major influence on the HSI. In addition, it is considered that the HSI model is an arithmetic mean of SI models, which has a major impact on HSI. The HSI model can be an important basis for the habitat evaluation and restoration model of Pelophylax chosenicus. In particular, it is highly applicable to the selection and evaluation of alternative habitats for Pelophylax chosenicus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.83-93
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• 2018

In Germany has a long history of ecological restoration and restoration management. At the beginning of the 1990s, the "Erfolgskontrolle" was used as an evaluation program after the restoration project and many exchanges of views took place. It is the time, in Korea, there is a need for a comprehensive evaluation program after the restoration project, as there is no evaluation method yet. At this time it may be the "Erfolgskontrolle" in Germany as a practical model for the Korean restoration management program. The purpose of this study is to identify the concept and character of the "Erfolgskontrolle" and to demonstrate the implication and potential of application, through the analysis of the implementation example of the revaluation of river revitalization. To achieve the goal was carried out theoretical and 3 exemplary revitalization research cases. And it was endeavored to deliver the German way of acting and the basic idea to Korea. For the restoration, the "precautionary principle" should be considered first, the upper legal regulation should not be violated. In order to apply "Erfolgskontrolle" in practice, the goal formulation should be clear and systematically evaluated. And through the collection of typified cases, the comprehensive and unified theory should be established, it is possible, thus the qualitative assessment of the restoration project.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.307-318
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• 2010

This study was to analyze the ecological conditions, based on physical habitat, chemical, and biological conditions before (2006, 2007) and after ecological restoration (2009) in five sites of Changwon Stream (CS) and six sites of Nam Stream (NS), respectively, and then to compare ecological health between the two period. The analysis of ecological health was based on the multimetric models of Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) along with water chemistry in the streams. For the study, the models of IBI and QHEI were modified as 8 and 11 metric attributes, respectively. For the evaluations, the survey was conducted in the period of 2006~2007 before the restoration and in 2009 after the restoration by the city. Chemical conditions, based on conductivity, in both streams showed a typical longitudinal declines along the axis of the upstream-to-downstream. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in water quality between the two periods. Values of IBI in the CS and NS averaged 21.6 and 19.7, respectively, indicating a C grade in the criteria of Ministry of Environment, Korea, and there was no significant differences in the IBI between the two periods. Values of QHEI after the restoration averaged 29.2 and 63.2 in the CS and NS, respectively and the values decreased markedly especially, in the NS (35.3) after the restoration. The habitat disturbance was mainly attributed to destructions (i.e., the narrower width of riparian vegetation and higher substrate exposure by the air) of artificial materials by massive flood in 2009. Overall, our results suggest that the restoration was not effective in the two streams between the two periods, even if the budget was used a lot and that such ecological restoration, not considered the natural disaster, may not effect for the stream restoration.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.683-693
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• 2012

The urban waterfront well created, could provide mental stability and comfort and also foster personality. In addition it could provide the calmness and rest of mind. Especially, recently the urban waterfronts are restored here and there and are created whenever developing a new town The purpose of this study is to develop a method of calculating the weight of each evaluation criterion for deciding the priority of restoration among for deciding the priority of restoration among the urban waterfronts. The method includes the analytic hierarchy process that can calculate the reasonable weight of each evaluation criterion, because the importance (weights) of evaluation criteria appears to be different among the evaluators; the results of this study can be summarized as that this method can be useful for calculating the weights of evaluation criteria, and also that the superiority of ecological resources is the most important factor (highest weight) in selecting the best waterfront, followed by accessibility, tourism vacation, and proximity to parks. And then the lowest factor in importance is the scale of reservoir.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2010

Diverse problems in wind environment has occurred through rapid urbanization and growth of high-rise building numbers, This study aims to propose the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation method and evaluation standard of wind environment in site planning of high rise apartment housing. The CFD simulation method proposed in this study is not existing detail simulation, but it is the method that a designer can correct and develop the design through immediate evaluation of design options in concept design phase. Therefore, the proposed CFD simulation method of wind environment in this study uses the BIM based CFD tool in which the 3D model in concept design phase can be used as for the CFD simulation. In this paper, the study examines existing evaluation standards of comfortableness level in wind environment for pedestrian near buildings, and selects new evaluation method which is possible to apply to the proposed CFD simulation method. In addition, it is to examine calculation time-spending and appropriate mesh division method for finding CFD result which is useful to find the best design options in aspect of wind environment in concept design phase. Furthermore, it proposes the wind environment evaluation method through BIM based CFD simulation.