• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.46-60
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• 2008

Lyocell is a regenerated cellulosic fiber manufactured by an environmentally friendly process. The major advantages of lyocell are the excellent drape forming property, the genuine bulkiness, smooth surface, and high dry/wet tenacities. However, one drawback of lyocell is its fibrillation property, which would degrade its aesthetic quality and lower the consumer satisfaction. In our previous studies, lyocell was treated with epichlorohydrin, a non-formalin based crosslinker, to reduce its fibrillation tendency. To investigate the changes of physical properties upon ECH-treatment, the hand characteristics of ECH-treated fabric were observed using KES-FB system and the 3D-virtual sewing image of the fabrics were obtained using 3D CAD simulation system in this study. Since epichlorohydrin(ECH) treatment was conducted in the alkaline medium, the weight reduction was observed in all treated lyocell. The treated lyocell became light, smooth and flexible in spite of ECH crosslinker application. LT and RT in tensile property upon the ECH treatment did not change significantly, however, EMT and WT in the tensile property increased. The significant decrease in bending rigidity was resulted in all ECH-treated lyocell, which is the result of the weight loss upon the alkali condition of ECH treatment. The bending rigidity increased again in the ECH 30% treated lyocell, however, the B value is still lower than the original. Therefore, the ECH-treated lyocell would be more stretchable and softer than the original. Shear rigidity was also decreased in all ECH-treated lyocell, which would result in more drape and body fitting when it is made as a garment. The ECH-treated fabric showed the softer smoother surface according to SMD value from KES evaluation. The virtual 3D sewing image of the ECH-treated lyocell did not show a significant change from that of the original except ECH 30% treated lyocell. ECH 30% treated lyocell showed a stiffer and more puckered image than the original.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2006

Lyocell is a not only environmentally-friendly but also very advantageous fiber. When Lyocell is soaked in water, its wet tenacity does not decrease and elongation and moisture regain of it are better than cotton. However, one drawback of lyocell is its fibrillation. The fibrills of lyocell were generated during wet process such as scouring and dyeing deteriorates the dyeing color depth and the appearance of fabric. The purpose of this study was to decrease the fibrillation tendency of lyocell fabric using crosslinking agent, epichlorohydrine(ECH). The effects of NaOH scouring and ECH crosslinking were observed. The different types of ECH addition methods to lyocell and the various concentrations of ECH in crosslinking reaction onto dyeing characteristic and fibriallation were investigated. Weight loss and whiteness index of crosslinked lyocell by ECH were examined. K/S values of ECH treated lyocell fabrics dyed with reactive dye were measured and SEM images of untreated and treated lyocells were observed extensively to define the fibrillation tendency. The results were as follows ; 1) ECH treatment showed the effect of weight loss and scouring because ECH crosslinking reaction was conducted in alkaline condition. 2) The increase in ECH concentration from 5 to 30% does not affected K/S value changes. 3) ECH crosslinking can effectively prevent the fibrillation tendency of lyocell.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1506-1515
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• 2009

본 연구는 만성적인 알코올 섭취로 유발된 알코올성지방간 쥐에서 청국장식이가 지질대사 및 간 기능개선에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 실험동물은 생후 7주령된 Sprague Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 35마리에게 30일간 에탄올이 첨가된 액체식이를 공급하여 알코올성지방간을 유발시킨 후 다시 실험동물을 에탄올＋카제인식이군(ECD)과 에탄올＋청국장식이군(EChD)으로 나누어 각각 총 열량의 36%에 해당하는 에탄올이 함유된 액체 형태의 실험식이를 제공하였다. 실험식이 제공 후 10, 20, 30일째에 각각 혈액과 간을 수집하여 혈액의 지질수준, 간 조직 내 지질과산화물 수준과 그와 관련된 효소의 활성도 및 간 기능 지표 분석에 사용하였다. 실험결과, 식이섭취량은 두 식이군간 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았고, 일일 평균체중증가량은 각 실험식이를 공급한 20일과 30일에서 EChD군이 ECD군보다 유의하게 높았다. 또한 ECD군은 모든 실험기간 동안 알코올성지방간 상태를 보였으나, EChD군은 10일에서만 지방간 상태를 보였다. 혈청의 총 지질 함량, 중성지방 그리고 총 콜레스테롤은 각 실험식이를 공급한 모든 기간에서 ECD군이 EChD군보다 유의하게 높았고, 혈청 HDL-콜레스테롤은 EChD군이 ECD군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 지질과산화 지표인 간 조직 TBARS 함량은 모든 기간에서 ECD군이 EChD군보다 유의하게 높았고, 간의 conjugated diene 함량은 각 실험식이를 10일간 공급하였을 때만 ECD군이 EChD군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 간 조직 내 항산화효소인 SOD 활성도는 각 실험식이를 30일간 공급하였을 때, 간 catalase와 GPx 활성도는 각 실험식이를 20일과 30일간 공급하였을 때 각각 EChD군이 ECD군보다 유의하게 높았다. 간 기능 지표인 혈청 GOT 활성도는 각 실험식이를 10일과 20일간 공급하였을 때, 혈청 GPT 활성도는 각 실험식이를 10일간 공급하였을 때 각각 ECD군이 EChD군보다 유의하게 높았다. 혈청 LDH 활성도는 각 실험식이를 공급한 모든 기간에서, 혈청 γ-GTP 활성도는 각 실험식이를 20일간 공급하였을 때 각각 ECD군이 EChD군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 혈청 알코올 농도는 각 실험식이를 20일간 공급하였을 때 ECD군이 EChD군보다 유의하게 높았다. ADH 활성도는 각 실험식이를 30일간 공급하였을 때, ALDH 활성도는 각 실험식이를 20일과 30일간 공급하였을 때 각각 EChD군이 ECD군보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과 청국장의 급여는 간의 중성지방 함량을 감소시켜 알코올로 인한 지방간 생성을 감소시키고, 혈중 총 지질과 중성지방 및 총 콜레스테롤 함량을 감소시키며 항동맥경화 인자인 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 증가시켰다. 또한 간의 TBARS 함량과 conjugated diene 함량을 감소시키고, 간 SOD와 catalase 및 GPx 등 항산화 효소의 활성도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 혈청 GOT, GPT, LDH 및 γ-GTP 활성도를 감소시켰으며 간 알코올 분해효소인 ADH와 ALDH 활성도는 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 전통발효식품인 청국장은 알코올 섭취로 인해 증가된 혈중 지질 수준과 간의 지질과산화물 수준을 감소시키고, 간 기능 지표 수준을 개선시키며, 항산화 및 알코올 분해효소 활성을 증가시켜 알코올에 의한 산화적 스트레스를 감소시키고 알코올 대사의 중간생성물인 아세트알데히드의 생성을 감소시켜 알코올의 독성으로부터 세포를 보호하여 알코올에 의한 간 손상과 간질환의 발생을 지연시키거나 개선하는데 유용한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2007

This study was performed to apply the more rapid and accurate sample preparation, and the high selectivity and sensitivity of the analyte detection by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method was validated for 49 agrochemicals in the CORESTA Agrochemical Advisory Committee guide and amenable to GC-MS/MS determination. In QuEChERS method, the effects of sorbents (PSA, $C_{18}$ and GCB) and matrix of the analytes in tobacco types (flue-cured, burley and oriental) were investigated. MS/MS acquisition provided high specificity and selectivity for agrochemicals and low limit of quantification. QuEChERS by using PSA alone and the matrix-matched standards gave good recoveries and RSD values in three types of tobaccos. QuEChERS method was no needed to be complex clean-up procedure and would be used as the fast and easy method for agrochemical residue analysis in tobacco.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2008

Objectives : The present study was to investigate the effect of extract of Chelidonii herba (ECH) on the proliferation and activation of eosinophils which were prepared from lung cells of asthma-induced mouse by ovalbumin (OVA) treatment. Methods : C57BL/6 mouse was exposed to OVA three times a week for 6 weeks. The mouse lung tissues were dissected out, chopped and dossiciated with collagenase (1 ${\mu}g$/ml). Eosinophils were activated by rIL-3/rmIL-5 co-treatments. The lung cells were treated with ECH, incubated for 48 hr at $37^{\circ}C$, and analyzed by flow cytometery, ELISA, RT-PCR, and immuno-histochemical analysis. Results : In FACS analysis, number of granulocyte/lymphocyte, $CD3e^-$/$CCR3^+$, $CD3e^+$/$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD23^+$/$B220^+$ in asthma-induced lung cells were significantly decreased by ECH treatment compared to the control group. And mRNA expression for IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, CCR3 and eotaxin in asthma-induced lung cells, which was induced by rIL-3 plus rmIL-5 treatments, was significantly decreased by ECH treatment. In ELISA analysis, production levels of IL-3, IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in asthma-induced lung cells, which were induced by rIL-3 plus rmIL-5 co-treatment, were significantly decreased by ECH treatment. ECH treatments significantly inhibited the proliferation of eosinohils prepared from asthma-induced mouse lung tissues compared to the non-ECH treated control cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ECH treatment significantly decreased the levels of eosipnphil activation compared to non-treated cells. Conclusions : The present data suggested that Chelidonium majus L. may have an effect on the inhibition of parameters associated with asthma responses in eosinpophils, and thus implicate the possibility for the clinical application of Chelidonium majus L.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2023

QuEChERS is used worldwide as a universal sample preparation method with many benefits, such as being quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe. This study examined whether QuEChERS can be employed in isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID-MS) for accurate analysis of pesticides in food. The ratios of fortified values and measured values of malathion and fenitrothion using the QuEChERS method were compared with those using the solid phase extract (SPE) method which was previously used in this laboratory. The separations of the two pesticides on DB-5MS and VF-1701MS columns were compared. Malathion and fenitrothion were fortified into kimchi cabbage and pretreated with the QuEChERS method and the SPE method. The results obtained using the DB-5MS column varied according to the sample preparation method, column and pesticide level. Using the VF-1701 column, ratios were 98-102% by both QuEChERS and Carb/NH₂ SPE method for all fortification level. Malathion and fenitrothion were fortified into strawberry samples for comparison with kimchi cabbage. The results for the strawberry samples indicated that the ratios were not influenced by the sample preparation methods or GC column. The QuEChERS method could be acceptable in the ID-MS method for pesticide residue analysis in food, however other conditions should be carefully considered for accurate determination, such as the column, amount of analyte and food matrix.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1268-1280
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• 2023

Echinacoside (ECH) is a naturally occurring phenylethanoid glycoside, isolated from Echinacea angustifolia, and this study aimed to analyze its effect on thermogenesis and its interaction with dopaminergic receptors 1 and 5 (DRD1 and DRD5) in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and mice models. We employed RT-PCR, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, a staining method, and an assay kit to determine its impact. ECH showed a substantial increase in browning signals in vitro and a decrease in adipogenic signals in vivo. Additionally, analysis of the iWAT showed that the key genes involved in beiging, mitochondrial biogenesis, and ATP-dependent thermogenesis were upregulated while adipogenesis and lipogenesis genes were downregulated. OXPHOS complexes, Ca²⁺ signaling proteins as well as intracellular Ca²⁺ levelswere also upregulated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes following ECH treatment. This was collectively explained by mechanistic studies which showed that ECH mediated the beiging process via the DRD1/5-cAMP-PKA and subsequent downstream molecules, whereas it co-mediated the α1-AR-signaling thermogenesis via the DRD1/5/SERCA2b/RyR2/CKmt pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Animal experiments revealed that there was a 12.28% reduction in body weight gain after the ECH treatment for six weeks. The effects of ECH treatment on adipose tissue can offer more insights into the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1340-1347
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• 2024

Ehretia asperula is a medicinal plant of the Ehretiaceae family used to treat inflammatory disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The anti-inflammatory potential was determined based on enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition, which showed that the 95% ethanol extract (95ECH) was most effective with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 34.09 ㎍/mL. The effects of 95ECH on phagocytosis, NO production, gene, and protein expression of the cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase/ nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells were examined using the neutral red uptake and Griess assays, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that 95ECH suppressed phagocytosis and the NO production in activated macrophage cells (p < 0.01). Conversely, 95ECH regulated the expression levels of mRNAs for cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) as well as the corresponding proteins. In addition, PGE2 production was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by 95ECH, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 mRNAs was decreased in activated macrophage cells, as expected. Therefore, 95ECH from E. asperula leaves contains potentially valuable compounds for use in inflammation management.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.242-256
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• 2012

QuEChERS(Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe)분석법은 고체상의 분말을 시료에 직접 주입하여 농약성분을 추출하는 방법으로 분석법이 간단하고 빠르기 때문에 많이 연구되고 있다. 이 방법은 기존 분석법에 비하여 적은 시료량과 상대적으로 많은 불순물을 포함하고 있기 때문에 LC-MS/MS 등의 감도가 높은 분석기기를 필요로 하며, HPLC나 GC 분석을 위해서는 개선이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 QuEChERS AOAC Official 2007.01 법을 개선하여 사과, 포도, 배, 단감 4가지 과일을 대상으로 UPLC-PDA, GC-${\mu}ECD$ 및 GC-NPD 을 이용하기 위한 QuEChERS 분석법을 개발하고자 하였으며 그 결과를 QuEChERS AOAC Official 2007. 01법을 적용한 LC-MS/MS 분석결과와 비교하였다. QuEChERS AOAC Official 2007. 01법을 이용한 네가지 과일별 회수율은 각각 사과 71.1~104%, 포도 75.7~132.2%, 배 84.8~108.7%, 감 78.3~127.4%이었으며, 개선된 QuEChERS법을 이용한 네가지 작물별 회수율은 각각 사과 70.9~112.9%, 포도 71.3~101, 배 71.3~126%, 감 76.4~122.5% 이었으며, 두 방법 모두 다성분 분석법의 회수율 기준인 70~130%이내 조건을 만족하였다. 대부분의 농약이 변형한 방법으로 실험을 수행하였을 때 좋은 회수율이 보이므로 ECD, NPD 및 UVD와 같이 현재 분석기관에서 많이 보급된 분석 장비로 사용하여 다성분 동시분석이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to improve the defects of chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon by ECH and to describe the change of hand of chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon fabrics. The chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon were manufactured by crosslinking process using ECH as crosslinking agent, 2 wt% aqueous acetic acid as a solvent of chitosan and ECH, and 20 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide as crosslinking catalyst. Viscose rayon were first immersed in the pad bath of the mixed solution of chitosan and ECH, padded up to 100 wt% wet pick-up on weight of fiber(owf), precured on pin frames at $130^{\circ}C$ for 2 minutes, immersed in NaOH solution and finally wash and dry. Antimicrobial properties of the viscose rayon treated with chitosan were measured by the shake flask C.T.M. 0923 test method with staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538) as the microorganism. When the concentration of chitosan was increased chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon's LT, WT, B, 2HB and MIU were increased and G, 2HG, SMD, T and $T_m$ were decreased. On the other hand, WT, EM were decreased and RT was increased at $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ ECH. The optimum condition for crosslinking was that ECH concentration was between $1{\times}10^{-2}M\;and\;5{\times}10^{-2}M$. Antimicrobial effects of rayon fabric treated with chitosan was excellent.