• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1411-1421
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of apo E polymorphisms and dietary counseling on the levels of plasma lipids in hyperlipidemic patients. The changes of serum lipids were assessed f3r 34 hyperlipidemic out-patients who changed their basal diet containing 20.1% fat(236.0mg cholesterol/day), 15.7% protein, and 64.2% carbohydrate to a diet containing 18.3% fat(109.8mg cholesterol/day), 15.7% protein, and 66.0% carbohydrate for 12 weeks. At the beginning of this study, the levels of plasma LDL-cholesterol were high according to apo E genotypes in the following order : E2/3

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2005

Elimination reactions of $XC_6H_4CH_2CO_2C_6H_3-2-Y-4-NO_2$ have been studied under various conditions. When X was moderately electron-withdrawing, Y = H, and base-solvent was $R_2$NH-MeCN, the reaction proceeded by the E2 mechanism via an E1cb-like transition state. Concave downward curve was noted in the Hammett plots. When X = 4-$NO_2$, Y = Cl, $CF_3,\;NO_2$, and the base-solvent was ${R_2NH/R_2NH_2}^+$ in 70 mol % MeCN(aq), the reaction proceeded by the E2 mechanism. The mechanism changed to a competing E2 and E1cb when X = 4-$NO_2$ and Y = H, MeO, and to the E1cb when X = 2,4-($NO_2)_2$, and Y = $NO_2$. From these results, a plausible pathway of the change of the mechanism from E2 to the E1cb extreme is proposed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.936-951
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• 1997

As fat consumption has increased in Korea , serum cholesterol concentrations have risen and the prevalence of atherosclerosis increased. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association among apolipoprotein E (Apo E) phenotypes, dietary fat consumption, plasma lipoprotein levels and fatty acid compositions of red blood cells in young healthy women. Seventy-one percent of participants had Apo E3/3, 14.9 percent had ApoE3/2 , 11.8% had Apo E4/3 and 1.2% had Apo E4.2. The subjects daily consumed approximately 1760kcal containing 29 energy % of fat. The ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat in a diet was 0. 73 . There were no significant differences of nutrient intakes according to Apo E phenotypes. Total cholesterol concentrations of subjects averaged approximately 160mg/dl , but 12 percent of them had over 200mg/dl, which is higher than the range recommended by the National Cholesterol Deucation Program. Notably, most subjects with 210mg/dl had Apo E4 isoforms. Subjects with Apo E4 isoforms had significantly higher total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations than those with Apo E3/2. Also subjects carrying Apo E4 isoforms tended to accumulated more fat in the body. Their BMI , WHR and arm fat area appeared to be how can arm fat area be greater no you mean grater, please check work vsage than subjects with Apo E3 isoforms, but not significantly. Fat intakes slightly influenced serum cholesterol levels. Myristic aicd intakes were positively correlated to serum total and LDL-choelsterol levels. Polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes were negatively correlated to serum total choelsterollevels. The results of 소냐 study suggest that , people with Apo E4 isoforms need to prevent the raising of serum total and LDL -cholesterol concentrations by reducing calorie and fat intakes and by maintaining a normal weight.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.1187-1193
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• 2002

There are POP3(Post Office Progocol 3) and IMAP4(Internet Message Access Protocol 4) for E-Mail service of wire Internet For mobile e-mail service that use wireless Internet, must use exclusive use mobile e-mail server in the case of POP3 e-mail or flow e-mail conversion and because e-mail is kept in sever side with remote file server in case of IMAP4 mail that is used by Web-Mail, utilization of mobile e-mail service is difficult by mobile client who there is no IMAP4 rules. This thesis embodying e-mail extraction engine for mobile that do to design markup language converter of XML base, and use Web-Mail of recently been generalizing IMAP4 base in mobile, presented mobile e-mail service method to do so that can use Web-Mail that is based on IMAP4 as well as POP3 mail service in mobile environment.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2001

A new oxygenated monoterpene (4) was isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial part of Erechtites hieracifolia together with six known components, a dimethylheptane (1), three ionone derivatives (2, 3 and 7) and two phenylpropanoids (5 and 6). Their structures were identified by means of physico-chemical and spectral data to be (2E, 5E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal (1), 3(R)-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-$\beta$-ionone (2), 3(R)-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-7-ionol (3), (3E, 6E)-3,7-dimethylocta-3,5-dien-1,2,7-triol(4), 2-hydroxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenyl-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (5), 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenyl -$\beta$-D-glucopyra-noside (6) and (6R, 9R)-3-oxo-$\beta$-ionol-$\alpha$-D -glucopyranoside (7).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1936-1942
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• 2010

To examine the effect of overdosed functional food in liver-injured patients, we tried to investigate the dose effect of Allium sativum L. (also called garlic) extract on rats with CCl4-induced liver damage, by comparatively examinating the hepatic function of each group. 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided equally (n=7) into normal, control, positive control, and three experimental subgroups (E1, E2 and E3), respectively. For each kg of body weight, hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal administration of $0.5\;m{\ell}$ (0.20 g/kg/day) $CCl_4$, which was diluted in equal amount of olive oil, once a day on every other day for total 5 times. Hot water extraction was performed using domestically cultivated organic garlics, and the obtained extract was injected by sonde, once daily during 4 weeks, to each experimental subgroups by different dosage of 0.35 g/kg(E1), 0.70 g/kg(E2), 1.40 g/kg(E3), respectively. Results showed that the injection of garlic extract positively influenced the physiological activation which lowered the oxidative stress, changed the toxicity, and functionally improved the hepatic condition. Comparing the dose effect between the three experimental subgroups (E1, E2, E3), results of the maximal-dosed subgroup (E3) showed less significance compared with the lower-dosed subgroups(E1 and E2), which seems to resulted from the (increased) toxicity of garlic.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.268-280
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• 2011

Background: Dengue virus, which belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, causes fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) with infection risk of 2.5 billion people worldwide. However, approved vaccines are still not available. Here, we explored the immune responses induced by alternating prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccine, adenovirus, and vaccinia virus expressing E protein of dengue virus type 2 (DenV2). Methods: Following immunization with DNA vaccine (pDE), adenovirus (rAd-E), and/or vaccinia virus (VV-E) expressing E protein, E protein-specific IgG and its isotypes were determined by conventional ELISA. Intracellular CD154 and cytokine staining was used for enumerating CD4+ T cells specific for E protein. E protein-specific CD8+ T cell responses were evaluated by in vivo CTL killing activity and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ staining. Results: Among three constructs, VV-E induced the most potent IgG responses, Th1-type cytokine production by stimulated CD4+ T cells, and the CD8+ T cell response. Furthermore, when the three constructs were used for alternating prime-boost vaccination, the results revealed a different pattern of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. i) Priming with VV-E induced higher E-specific IgG level but it was decreased rapidly. ii) Strong CD8+ T cell responses specific for E protein were induced when VV-E was used for the priming step, and such CD8+ T cell responses were significantly boosted with pDE. iii) Priming with rAd-E induced stronger CD4+ T cell responses which subsequently boosted with pDE to a greater extent than VV-E and rAd-E. Conclusion: These results indicate that priming with live viral vector vaccines could induce different patterns of E protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses which were significantly enhanced by booster vaccination with the DNA vaccine. Therefore, our observation will provide valuable information for the establishment of optimal prime-boost vaccination against DenV.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.75-93
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• 2023

A cross sectional survey method was used to determine the utilization of e-resources and their influence on the reading culture of 119 undergraduate students registered with the JD Amin library of Federal University Dutse. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive (frequency counts and means) and inferential statistics (regression analysis). The research found that databases (mean=4.00) and e-journal (mean=4.00) are available to the undergraduate students. It further found that e-resources are often utilized by the undergraduate student, with social media (mean=4.00), databases (mean=4.00) and e-journal (mean=4.00). the most commonly used e-resources. It was also found that erratic power supply (mean=3.91) and inability to seek, obtain and evaluate information (mean=3.67) are the prominent factors hindering the utilization of e-resources. The regression analysis rejected the null hypotheses of the study where it shows that the level of utilization of e-resources have positive statistical correlation (r=0.772) with the reading culture of undergraduate students. The study proposed a conceptual model for the sustainable reading culture of students by libraries providing of e-resources. The general conclusion of the research is that e-resources are necessary tools and are moderately available and adequately utilized for influencing reading culture. The study recommended that Internet facilities should be made available to undergraduate students to facilitate more utilization of e-resources.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.454-462
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• 2000

Interleukin-4(IL-4) is known to be a major cytokine regulating immunoglobulin E(IgE) response by the induction of IgE production and type II IgE receptor(IgER II: CD23) expression. Recently, however, the role of neuroendocrine factors has been implicated in modulating the IgE response. Among various neuroendocrine growth factors, we investigated the effects of the insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) since IL-4 and IGF-1 share common intracellular signaling molecules, such as the insulin receptor substrate-1/2(IRS-1/2) to induce a specific cellular response. In the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, IGF-1 was capable of inducing a substantial level of IgE production in a dose-dependent manner. It also noticeably upregulated the IL-4-induced or IL-4 plus anti-CD40-induced IgE production. Similarly, the IGF-1-induced IgE production was enhanced by IL-4 or anti-CD40 in an additive manner, which became saturated at high concentrations of IGF-1. Although IGF-1 alone did not induce IgER II (CD23) expression, it augmented the IL-4-induced surface CD23 expression in a manner similar to the action of anti-CD40. These results imply that IGF-1 is likely to utilize common signaling pathways with IL-4 and anti-CD40 to induce IgE and IgER II expression. In support of this notion, we observed that IGF-1 enhanced the IL-4-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription 6(STAT6) activation and independently induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. Both of these bind to the IgE(C) or IgER II (CD23) promoters. Together, our data suggest that IL-4 and IGF-1 work cooperatively to activate STAT6 and $NF-{\kappa}B$. This leads to the subsequent binding of these transcription factors to the $C{\varepsilon}$ and CD23 promoters to enhance the expression of IgE and IgER II. The observed differential ability of IGF-1 on the induction of IgE vs. IgER II is discussed based on the different structure of the two promoters.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.199-211
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• 2021

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), produced by the endometrial cups of the placenta after the first trimester, is a specific glycoprotein that displays dual luteinizing hormone (LH)-like and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-like effects in non-equid species. However, in equidaes, eCG exhibits only LH-like activity. To identify the specific biological functions of glycosylated sites in eCG, we constructed the following site mutants of N- and O-linked glycosylation: eCGβ/αΔ56, substitution of α-subunit⁵⁶ N-linked glycosylation site; eCGβ-D/α, deletion of the O-linked glycosylation sites at the β-subunit, and eCGβ-D/αΔ56, double mutant. We produced recombinant eCG (rec-eCG) proteins in Chinese hamster ovary suspension (CHO-S) cells. We examined the biological activity of rec-eCG proteins in CHO-K1 cells expressing the eLH/CG receptor and found that signal transduction activities of deglycosylated mutants remarkably decreased. The EC₅₀ levels of eCGβ/αΔ56, eCGβ-D/α, and eCGβ-D/αΔ56 mutants decreased by 2.1-, 5.6-, and 3.4-fold, respectively, compared to that of wild-type eCG. The Rmax values of the mutants were 56%-80% those of wild-type eCG (141.9 nmol/10⁴ cells). Our results indicate that the biological activity of eCG is greatly affected by the removal of N- and O-linked glycosylation sites in cells expressing eLH/CGR. These results provide important information on rec-eCG in the regulation of specific glycosylation sites and improve our understanding of the specific biological activity of rec-eCG glycosylation sites in equidaes.