• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study is to propose a directionfor fire safety education and to discuss the current issues of fire extinguisher training A survey was conducted, and the results show that only 52.1% of homes have a fire extinguisher, whereas over 93% of public and private work places (e.g., schools and businesses) have a fire extinguisher. Approximately 90% of the survey participants had fire extinguisher training experience. However, only 65.8% of the public and private work places conducted fire extinguisher training regularly. 42.5% of survey participants had not been trained in the past year. In the survey result on fire extinguisher knowledge, participants showed a score of 3.95/5.00 for how to use a fire extinguisher and a score of 3.00/5.00 for the meaning of the ABC ratings of fire extinguishers. An independent T-test showed that the "the installation of fire extinguishers in the house" and "regular fire safety education in your group" have influences on the "the knowledge of fire extinguishers" (p < .05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.503-508
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• 2004

This study was conducted to estimate the growth curve parameters of crossbreds between Korean native boars and Landrace sows and their relationships with meat qualities. The data used were weight-age data and carcass data from 131 males and 122 females raised at N.L.R.I in Korea. Growth curve parameters were estimated from nonlinear regression using Gompertz model individually. Average mature weight(A), average maturing rate(k), and average inflection point(u) showing maximum growth rate estimated were 179.54${\pm}$6.06kg, 0.3154${\pm}$0.0059, and 5.50${\pm}$0.11 months in females, and 179.84${\pm}$6.33kg, 0.3049${\pm}$0.0061, and 5.24${\pm}$0.13 months in males, respectively. For the growth curve parameters and derived statistics, the phenotypic correlations of maturing rate with gain rate at inflection, mature weight, and inflection point were - .30, - .77, and - .93 in male, and - .31, - .78 and - .94 in female, respectively. Matrure weight was positively correlated to the inflection point as + .89 in both male and female, indicating that late maturing pigs with lower k had longer maturing period with increasing gain rate and reached point of inflection later than early maturing pigs with higher k, and grew to larger mature weight. Backfat thickness and erode fat contents were correlated with mature weight positively in male and negatively in female, and correlated with gain rate at inflection point positively in both male and female, of which coefficients were as high as .42 and .50 in male, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2003

Growth Hormone (GH) gene is a member of gene family through the evolutionary process from a small common ancestral gene by a series of gene duplications. The role of the GH in growth and performance controls has been extensively studied in human, mice and livestock. Many researchers have considered GH as a strong candidate gene for evaluation of genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with economic traits in cattle. We report here a novel missense mutation within the exon 5 of the bovine Growth Hormone (bGH) gene. We could amplified 522 bp fragments from eight unrelated Hanwoo cattle by PCR, then, subsequently cloned and sequenced. An Msp I RFLP corresponding to a C to T transition was observed at position 2258 nt. From this result, we could predict a missense mutation (Arg to Trp) at codon 166 in a highly conserved region among many mammals. Codominant Mendelian segregation of the two alleles, Msp I (+) and Msp I (－), was observed in two full-sib F2 families (n = 32, African taurine Bos taurus ${\times}$ African zebu Bos indicus) and eight half-sib Hanwoo families. For the availability of genetic marker, we have performed PCR-RFLP with a large number of individual animals from 15 different cattle breeds (European and Asian taurines, and African indicines). Consideration of breed frequencies of Msp I (－) allele in relation to breed type and their geographic origins, shows higher frequencies in humped breeds or Asian cattle breeds than in humpless or European breeds. This result indicates that the missense mutation can be contributed the functional significance such as the signal transduction through the receptor binding, also may be used as a marker for selection of the economic traits in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2010

Many athletes have been using occlusal stabilization appliances to improve their performance. Few studies have examined the benefits of such an appliance in golf. We determined the effect of such appliances on the masticatory muscle activities and driving distances of professional golf players. The appliances were customized for each player and adjusted using a computerized device. The electromyographic muscle activities and driving distances with and without the appliance were measured and compared using the K7 Analyzer and the GolfAchiever II assembly. A paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. The muscle activities of the temporo-frontal and masseter muscles with the appliance were significantly more stable than those without the appliance, and the driving distances with the appliance were significantly different from those without it. Although there were intra-individual differences, professional golf players with temporomandibular disorders showed a greater improvement in performance.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.89-95
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• 1984

The effect of hydrocortisone or Panax ginseng, and/or a combination of hydrocortisone and Panax ginseng on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-P)-induced transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in 4 normal healthy adult volunteers. Increasing concentrations of Panax ginseng 0.16-1.60${\mu}g$/ml caused a doserelated inhibition of PHA-P transformation of lymphocytes. A combination of 500${\mu}g$/ml hydrocortisone and 0.80${\mu}g$/ml Panax ginseng produced a greater suppression of PHA-P stimulation than either drug used alone. This suggests that Panax ginseng has a steroid-like effect in vitro, and may have a potentiating effect with hydrocortisone on T-cell mediated immunity. The in vivo effects of Panax ginseng were further studied in 6 healthy adult volunteers. PHA-P transformation studies were performed before and after Panax ginseng capsules were taken for 2 weeks and at a higher dosage at 4 weeks. Our results showed that in 3 subjects, there was significant inhibition of PHA-P transformation at 4 weeks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.5-6
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• 2002

The new spectrometer for X-ray Induced Electron Emission Spectroscopy (XIEES) .has been recently developed in KRISS in collaboration with PTI (Russia). The spectrometer allows to perform research using the XAFS, SXAFS, XANES techniques (D.C.Koningsberger and R.Prins, 1988) as well as the number of techniques from XIEES field(L.A.Bakaleinikov et all, 1992). The experiments may be carried out with registration of transmitted through the sample x-rays (to investigate bulk samples) or/and total electron yield (TEY) from the sample surface that gives the high (down to several atomic mono-layers in soft x-ray region) near surface sensitivity. The combination of these methods together give the possibility to obtain a quantitative information on elemental composition, chemical state, atomic structure for powder samples and solids, including non-crystalline materials (the long range order is not required). The optical design of spectrometer is made according to Johannesson true focusing schematics and presented on the Fig.1. Five stepping motors are used to maintain the focusing condition during the photon energy scan (crystal angle, crystal position along rail, sample goniometer rail angle, sample goniometer position along rail and sample goniometer angle relatively of rail). All movements can be done independently and simultaneously that speeds up the setting of photon energy and allows the using of crystals with different Rowland radil. At present six curved crystals with different d-values and one flat synthetic multilayer are installed on revolver-type monochromator. This arrangement allows the wide range of x-rays from 100 eV up to 25 keV to be obtained. Another 4 stepping motors set exit slit width, sample angle, channeltron position and x-ray detector position. The differential pumping allows to unite vacuum chambers of spectrometer and x-ray generator avoiding the absorption of soft x-rays on Be foil of a window and in atmosphere. Another feature of vacuum system is separation of walls of vacuum chamber (which are deformed by the atmospheric pressure) from optical elements of spectrometer. This warrantees that the optical elements are precisely positioned. The detecting system of the spectrometer consists of two proportional counters, one scintillating detector and one channeltron detector. First proportional counter can be used as I/sub 0/-detector in transmission mode or by measuring the fluorescence from exit slit edge. The last installation can be used to measure the reference data (that is necessary in XANES measurements), in this case the reference sample is installed on slit knife edge. The second proportional counter measures the intensity of x-rays transmitted through the sample. The scintillating detector is used in the same way but on the air for the hard x-rays and for alignment purposes. Total electron yield from the sample is measured by channeltron. The spectrometer is fully controlled by special software that gives the high flexibility and reliability in carrying out of the experiments. Fig.2 and fig.3 present the typical XAFS spectra measured with spectrometer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.120-124
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• 2007

Fusarium proliferatum KGL0401 was previously isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. francheti plant roots and exhibited higher GA productivity than wild type Gibberella fujikuroi. The :tim of this work was to find out an optimal culture condition for GA production. Various carbon(fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose) and nitrogen($KNO_3$, urea, glycine, $NaNO_3,\;NH_4Cl$) sources were used for this study. GAs activities were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The highest yield of $GA_3$ was found in the growth medium supplemented with sucrose as carbon source and $NH_4Cl$ as nitrogen source. The optimum carbon-nitrogen concentration for $GA_3$ production was found to be 0.5 M:0.17 M. Supernatant was prepared from the culture fluid of F. proliferatum KGL0401 cultured for 7 days at 3 0'E and the 10 ul supernatant was treated with 2 leaf-rice seedling.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2009

It has been postulated that endoplasmic (ER) stress is involved in the development of several diseases. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms have not been fully understood. Therefore, we characterized a genetic network of genes induced by ER stress using cDNA microarray and gene set expression coherence analysis (GSECA), and identified gene function as well as several transcription regulators associated with ER stress. We analyzed time-dependent gene expression profiles in thapsigargin-treated Sk-Hep1 using an oligonucleotide expression chip, and then selected functional gene sets with significantly high expression coherence which was processed into functional clusters according to the expression similarities. The functions related to sugar binding, lysosome, ribosomal protein, ER lumen, and ER to golgi transport increased, whereas the functions with mRNA processing, DNA replication, DNA repair, cell cycle, electron transport chain and helicase activity decreased. Furthermore, functional clusters were investigated for the enrichment of regulatory motifs using GSECA, and several transcriptional regulators associated with regulation of ER-induced gene expression were found.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2001

The application of Nd:YAG laser and irrigants to the root surface can change its surface configurations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Nd:YAG laser and irrigants on the apical seal of obturated canals. In this study, 66 single rooted teeth were randomly assigned to 4 group of 14 teeth each. 8 teeth were served us positive and negative controls. The teeth were divided into 6 groups as follows. Group A: Nd:YAG laser, 5% NaOCl + Rc-prep Group B: Nd:YAG laser, Saline Group C: 5% NaOCl + Rc-prep Group D: Saline Group E: Positive control Group F: Negative control 66 teeth were instrumented using Maillefer ProFile$^{\circledR}$ (Orifice Shapers, .04 taper, .06 taper Dentsply, Switzerland). Two of each group were selected at random, and the canal wall surfaces were examined under a SEM. 12 teeth of each group were obturated using by lateral condensation technique. Specimens were immersed in india ink for 7days, decalcified by 10% nitric acid, dehydrated by 75. 80. 85, 90, 95 and 100% alcohol in order cleared by methyl salicylate and then measured of dye penetration with stereomicroscope($\times$15 magnification) and Image Pro plus. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA test and Duncan's Multiple Range test. The results were as follows : 1. The mean leakage was 0.128$\pm$0.376 for group A, 0.237$\pm$0.325 for group B, 0.397$\pm$0.468 for group C, 0.586$\pm$0.402 for group D, and there were statistically significant differences between group A and group D, group B and group D. (p<0.05). 2. Group A had better sealing ability than Group C, but there was statistically no significant differences. (p>0.05). 3. Group B had better sealing ability than Group D and there was statistically significant difference. (p<0.05). 4 Group A had better sealing ability than Group B, but there was statistically no significant difference. (p>0.05). 5. Group C had better sealing ability than Group D, but there was statistically no significant difference. (p>0.05). 6. As a result of observation under SEM, Smear layers were removed in Group A, B. but Smear layers were partially removed and smear plugs were remained in Group C, Smear layers were not removed in Group D. To be specially, Melting of smear layer were showed in Group C. 7. These results suggests that the laser has a potential in reducing the apical microleakage of obturated canals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.83-89
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• 2006

Cellular functions are carried out by a concerted action of biochemical pathways whose components have genetic interactions. Abnormalities in the activity of the genes that constitute or modulate these pathways frequently have oncogenic implications. Therefore, identifying the upstream regulatory genes for major biochemical pathways and defining their roles in carcinogenesis can have important consequences in establishing an effective target-oriented antitumor strategy We have analyzed the gene expression profiles of human liver cancer samples using cDNA microarray chips enriched in liver and/or stomach-expressed cDNA elements, and identified groups of genes that can tell tumors from non-tumors or normal liver, or classify tumors according to clinical parameters such as tumor grade, age, and inflammation grade. We also set up a high-throughput cell-based assay system (cell chip) that can monitor the activity of major biochemical pathways through a reporter assay. Then, we applied the cell chip platform for the analysis of the HCC-associated genes discovered from transcriptome profiling, and found a number of cancer marker genes having a potential of modulating the activity of cancer-related biochemical pathways such as E2F, TCF, p53, Stat, Smad, AP-1, c-Myc, HIF and NF-kB. Some of these marker genes were previously blown to modulate these pathways, while most of the others not. Upon a fast-track phenotype analysis, a subset of the genes showed increased colony forming abilities in soft agar and altered cell morphology or adherence characteristics in the presence of purified matrix proteins. We are currently analyzing these selected marker genes in more detail for their effects on various biological Processes and for Possible clinical roles in liver cancer development.