• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.81-97
• /
• 1993

This study was carried out to analyze the factors of the perieved symptoms of fatigue of the industrial workers, to examine the inter-relatisnship of the above factors with their general charactenstics and the environments of working area for the examination of their health status and the effective health management of them. This study was undertaken from December 1 to December 20, 1990. The subjets were 495 workers who had worked at the Industrial complex located in Chonbuk Province. The result of this study were as follows: 1. The worker's percieved symptoms of fatigue were classified to the following seven factors; A) Musculo-Skeletal Symptoms, B) Neuro-Psychial Symptoms, C) Optical Symptoms, D) Heart Symptoms, E) Head Symptoms, F) Respiratory Symptoms, G) Genital Symptoms 2. Analysis of the inter-relationship of their percieved symptoms of fatigue with general characteristics; 1) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to sexuality was significant; Female were higher than Male $(p{\leqq}0.001$, p<0.005) 2) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to age was significant; Age group under 24 years of age were higher than the other's group (p<0.001). 3) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to the level of education was significant; Workers who stand on a low intellectual were higher than workers on a high intellectual level. 4) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue for a week was the highest when worked at sunday. 5) The difference of distribution to their percieved symptoms of fatigue for seasons was high at spring. 3. Analysis of the inter-relationship of their percieved symptoms of fatigue with the environments of working area. 1) The difference of distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to the working department was significant; Production workers were higher than office workers. 2) The difference of distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue related with working posture was significant; Sitting: Musculo-Skeletal symptoms (p<0.05), Optical symptoms (p<0.005) 3) The more dissatisfied with their's own duty they were, the higher became the distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue (p<0.001. p<0.005, p<0.05) 4) The more dissatisfied with their working condition they were, the higher became the degree of their percieved symptoms of fatigue (p<0.001. P<0.05) 5) The difference of distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue according to kinds of job was significant: Workers who has handled heavy materials were higher than who had not handled $(p{\leqq}0.001$, p<0.05). Workers who has handled chemical materials: Optical, symptoms $(p{\leqq}0.001)$. Workers who has handled dusty materials: Respiratory symptoms (p<0.01) 6) The environment of working area was significantly affected to the distribution of their percieved symptoms of fatigue: Workers complains of a illumination problem; Optical symptoms (p<0.005), Heart symptoms (p<0.005) Workers complains of a ventilation problem: Heart symptoms (p<0.05), Optical symptoms, Heart symptoms (p<0.01) Musculo-skeletal symptoms ($p{\leqq}0.001$)

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 1972

우리나라 보은(報恩), 필리핀의 Batangas 토양(土壤)을 공시(供試)로 하여 수도생육(水稻生育)에 있어서 아연결핍(亞鉛缺乏)에 관(關)한 시험(試驗)을 국제미작연구소(國際米作硏究所)(IRRI)에 연구(硏究)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 한국(韓國)의 보은토양(報恩土壤)은 산성(酸性)이며 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)이 적고 수도체내(水稻體內)의 아연함량(亞鉛含量)도 33ppm인 정상적(正常的)인 토양(土壤)이고 비율빈(比律賓)의 Batangas 토양(土壤)은 Alkali며 토양유기물(土壤有機物)이 많고 Ca함량(含量)이 많은 Ca Calareous 토양(土壤)이고 수도체내(水稻體內)의 아연함량(亞鉛含量)도 16ppm으로 심한 아연결피증(亞鉛缺乏症)을 보였다. 2. 수도체내(水稻體內)의 아연분포(亞鉛分布)는 생육(生育)이 왕성(旺盛)한 상위엽(上位葉)에 많이 축적(蓄積)된다. 수도체내아연함량(水稻體內亞鉛含量)이 18ppm 이하(以下)이면 아연결핍(亞鉛缺乏)을 나타낼 우려가 있다. 3. 아연결핍(亞鉛缺乏) 토양(土壤)에는 요소질비료(窒素質肥料)로써 생리적산성비료(生理的酸性肥料)인 유안(硫安)이 좋고 요소(尿素)는 적합(適合)치 않았다. 4. 수도체내(水稻體內)의 Zn 다량흡수(多量吸收)는 Mn 흡수(吸收)를 조해(阻害)하며 수도체내(水稻體內)의 Mn/Zn 비(比)가 클수록 아연결핍(亞鉛缺乏)을 촉진(促進)한다. 5. 아연결핍토양(亞鉛缺乏土壤)인 Batangas 토양(土壤)에 $ZnCl_2$와 F.T.E의 시용효과(施用效果)가 컸으며 수확량(收穫量)은 대비구(對比區)에 비(比)해 유의성(有意性)있게 증수(增收) 되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.126-130
• /
• 1989

인삼 saponin 중에서 조성 비율이 가장 큰 ginsenoside R $b_1$을 약효면에서 훨씬 우수한 ginsenoside-Rd로 선택적 전환할 수 있는 전환효소를 Rhizopus japonicus 배양물로부터 순수하게 정제한 후 그 효소학적 특성을 조사하였다. 본 효소는 pH 4.8~5.0, 45$^{\circ}C$에서 그 활성도가 가장 높았으며 pH4~9의 범위에서 안정하였고, pH5.0에서 6$0^{\circ}C$ 열처리할 경우 50% 실활하는데 2시간이 소요되었다. M $n^{++}$, F $e^{++}$에 의해 효소활성이 촉진되었으며 C $u^{++}$, A $g^+$에 의해서는 저해되었다. 효소 저해제중에는 EDTA, o-phenanthroline 등에 의해 저해되기도 했다. 본 효소는 당류중에는 gentiobiose, cellulose만을, glycoside 중에서는 amygdalin, purnasin, salicin 등을 분해할 수 있었으며 ginsenoside R $b_1$, 이외의 다른 ginsenoside는 전혀 분해할 수 없었다. 본 효소의 Km치는 total saponin 기질 및 ginsenoside Rb group saponin 기질은 ginsenoside R $b_1$으로서 5.0mM 이었으며, gentiobiose는 4.8mM, amygdalin은 3.7mM 이었다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.35-47
• /
• 1971

This is a research on general evaluation of the nursing profession which is a professional job, a suitable calling to women and is developing academically day by day. The author gave some questions to the patients, doctors, people, student nurses-themselves and got the following results; (A) General concept about nursing profession A nurse is a member, of a medical team who works for people′s health promotion(50.8%). The reason that the nursing profession is a good one is that it is a rewarding job to care for sick patients(78.9%). The spirit is the most important factor for the nurse(84.8%) and the nursing profession is a suitable calling to women (76%). The description of nurses as "The angels in white dress" is an appropriate one (44.6%) or only a beautiful expression(47.4%) (B) Nurses as actually seen by doctors and patients. They work only obligatorily (47.8%)-Doctors They try to relieve, the patient′s physical discomforts in all sincerity (65.6%), also they to decrease the patient′s mental apprehension (56.7%). (C) Satisfaction in the nursing profession. Nurses satisfaction in the nursing profession is general(68.8%) and student nurses satisfaction in selecting nursing is fulfilled (50.9%). One reason for dissatisfaction among nurses and student nurses is people's failure to understanding the nursing profession(40.1%), One reason for satisfaction is that it is a rewarding job caring for sick patients(35%). (D) Is the nursing professional job? People think the nursing profession is a professional job like doctors or lawyers (60.2%). (E) Are they academic? People think the nurses are academic(37.8%) but nurses read only interesting items in the "Journal of Korean Nurse"(67.7%). (F) Opinions about nurses′going out of the country. Doctors and nurses agree that after 1-2 years′experience in this country(78.5%) and student nurses want to go out where there is on opportunity(73.1%). Student's purpose of going out is to enrich their stock of information(71.3%), doctors think, it is for training in nursing knowledge and skills (47.8%). (G) Opinions about nurse′s social affairs. They want nurses to be controlled(44.4%) and also think that the nurse's demonstration in the National Conte. was reasonable (36.3%). (H) Would you make your daughter a nurse? They favour their daughter′s becoming a nurse(17.4%) because they think it is a rewarding job to care for sick patients(42.5%).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.1717-1725
• /
• 2000

The objective was to determine the relationship between feed intake levels and patterns, and growth performance and body composition of barrows and gilts using automatic feed intake recording equipment (F.I.R.E.). This system records the time of visits to the feeder and the duration and size of meals for individual animals housed in groups. Ninety-six crossbred pigs were grown from $33.4{\pm}0.51$ to $109.7{\pm}1.39kg$ live weight over a 13-week period. Eight mixed-sex groups of 12 pigs were used and 4 dietary treatments were compared giving 2 pens per treatment. The dietary treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal diets with differing protein levels which ranged from 14.7% to 19% between 30 to 55 kg, from 13.3% to 16.9% between 56 and 85 kg, and from 12.3% to 16.8% for the remainder of the study. Animals were ultrasonically scanned to measure loin-eye area and backfat thickness to estimate carcass fat-free lean content at the beginning and end of the study. Barrows had higher daily feed intake than gilts (2.67 vs. 2.46 kg resp. p<0.05) which was the result of a longer feeder occupation time per visit (4.77 vs. 4.54 min, resp. p<0.05), higher feed consumption rates (30.4 vs. 29.0 g/min, resp. p<0.05), and higher feed intakes per visit (136.9 vs. 126.8 g, resp. p<0.01). Gilts had less backfat and greater loin-eye area than barrows (p<0.05). Diet had no significant effect on growth performance and had limited impact on feeding patterns. Body weight showed high correlations with ADG (r=0.74), feed intake per visit (r=0.51) and feed consumption rate (r=0.69). Positive correlation were also found between daily feed intake and feed intake per visit (r=0.45), feeder occupation time per day (r=0.56), and feed consumption rate (r=0.55), and between daily feed intake and backfat thickness (r=0.32) and feed consumption rate and loin-eye area (r=0.32). There were negative correlations between number of feeder visit per day and daily feed intake (r=-0.54), and between feed intake per visit and number of feeder visits per day (r=-0.43). However, correlations between feed intake traits and carcass traits were generally low. Visits to the feeder were greatest during the morning (0700 to 1100 h) and lowest during the evening and nighttime. These results highlight limited variation among the sexes in feeding patterns and suggest important relationships between feeding behavior and feed intake.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.71-74
• /
• 2004

The macrocycle L exhibited a switch on-off behavior through the fluorescent responses by aromatic imine molecule 1 (X=H) / trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). In the 'switch on' state, it was supposed that the aromatic imine molecule 1 is in the cavity of macrocycle L and a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the nitrogen of azacrown part to the anthryl group is inhibited by the interaction between the aromatic imine molecule 1 and the azacrown part of macrocycle L. In the 'switch off' state, it was supposed that the protonated imine molecule 1 is induced by the continuous addition of TFA and a repulsion between the protonated azacrown part and the protonated imine molecule 1 is occurred. It was considered that this process induces the intermolecular PET from the protonated imine molecule 1 to the anthryl group of macrocycle L because of a proximity effect between the anthryl group and the protonated imine molecule 1. From the investigation of the transient emission decay curve, the macrocycle L showed three components (3.45 ns (79.72%), 0.61 ns (14.53%), and 0.10 ns (5.75%). When the imine molecule 1 was added in the macrocycle L as molar ratio=1:1, the first main component showed a little longer lifetime as 3.68 ns (82.75%) although the other two components were similar as 0.64 ns (14.28%) and 0.08 ns (2.96%). On the contrary, when the imine molecule 3 (X=C1) was added in the macrocycle L as molar ratio=l:1, all the three components were decreased such as 3.27 ns (69.83%), 0.44 ns (13.24%), and 0.06 ns (16.93%). The fluorescent pH titration of macrocycle L was carried out from pH=3 to pH=9. The macrocycle L and C $U^{2+}$- macrocycle L complex were intersected at about pH=5, while the E $u^{3+}$ -macrocycle L complex was intersected at about pH=5.5. In addtion, we investigated the fluorescence change of macrocycle L as a function of the substituent constant ($\sigma$$_{p}$$^{o}$) showing in the para-substituent with electron withdrawing groups (X=F, Cl) and electron donating groups (X=C $H_3$, OC $H_3$, N(C $H_3$)$_2$), respectively, as well as non-substituent (X=H).).ctively, as well as non-substituent (X=H).

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 1999년도 제17회 학술발표회 논문개요집
• /
• pp.162-162
• /
• 1999

초고주파 집적회로의 핵심소자로 각광을 받고 있는 GaAs MESFET(MEtal-emiconductor)은 게이트 형성 공정이 가장 중요하며, WNx 내화금속을 이용한 planar 게이트 구조의 경우 임계전압(Vth:threshold voltage)의 균일도가 우수할 뿐만 아니라 특히 Side-wall을 이용한 self-align 게이트는 소오스 저항을 줄일 수 있어 고성능의 소자 제작을 가능하게 한다.(1) 본 연구의 핵심이 되는 Side-wall을 형성하기 위하여 PECVD법에 의한 SiOx 박막을 증착하고, 건식식각법을 이용하여 SiOx side-wall을 형성하였다. 이 공정을 이용하여 소오스 저항이 낮고 임계전압의 균일도가 우수한 고성능의 self-aligned gate MESFET을 제작하였다. 3inch GaAs 기판상에 이온주입법에 의한 채널 형성, d.c. 스퍼터링법에 의한 WNx 증착, PECVD법에 의한 SiOx 증착, MERIE(Magnetic Enhanced Reactive Ion Etcing)에 의한 Side-wall 형성, LDD(Lightly Doped Drain)와 N+ 이온주입, 그리고 RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing)를 사용하여 활성화 공정을 수행하였다. 채널은 40keV, 4312/cm2로, LDD는 50keV, 8e12/cm2로 이온주입하였고, 4000A의 SiOx를 증착한 후 2500A의 Side-wall을 형성하였다. 옴익 접촉은 AuGe/Ni/Au 합금을 이용하였고, 소자의 최종 Passivation은 SiNx 박막을 이용하였다. 제작된 소자의 전기적 특성은 hp4145B parameter analyzer를 이용한 전압-전류 측정을 통하여 평가하였다. Side-wall 형성은 0.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이상의 패턴크기에서 수직으로 잘 형성되었고, 본 연궁에서는 게이트 길이가 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$인 MESFET을 제작하였다. d.c. 특성 측정 결과 Vds=2.0V에서 임계전압은 -0.78V, 트랜스컨덕턴스는 354mS/mm, 그리고 포화전류는 171mA/mm로 평가되었다. 특히 본 연구에서 개발된 트랜지스터의 게이트 전압 변화에 따른 균일한 트랜스 컨덕턴스의 특성은 RF 소자로 사용할 때 마이크로 웨이브의 왜곡특성을 없애주기 때문에 균일한 신호의 전달을 가능하게 한다. 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$$\times$100$\mu\textrm{m}$ 게이트 MESFET을 이용한 S-parameter 측정과 Curve fitting 으로부터 차단주파수 fT는 40GHz 이상으로 평가되었고, 특히 균일한 트랜스컨덕턴스의 경향과 함께 차단주파수 역시 게이트 바이어스, 즉 소오스-드레스인 전류의 변화에 따라 균일한 값을 보였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 Side-wall 공정은 게이트 길이가 0.3$\mu\textrm{m}$까지 작은 경우에도 사용가능하며, WNx self-align gate MEESFET은 낮은 소오스저항, 균일한 임계전압 특성, 그리고 높고 균일한 트랜스 컨덕턴스 특성으로 HHP(Hend-Held Phone) 및 PCS(Personal communication System)와 같은 이동 통신용 단말기의 MMICs(Monolithic Microwave Integrates Circuits)의 제작에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 2010

In order to improve the availability of phytase and probiotics together, a phytase gene from Aspergillus ficuum has been expressed in Lactobacillus. In this study, the transformed Lactobacillus with phytase gene was fed to pigs to determine its effect on pig production, feed conversion and gut microbes. Forty eight, 60-day-old, castrated pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Pietrain) were assigned to 6 groups, 8 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 was added with chlortetracycline (500 mg/kg), group 3 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CMP, $CaHPO_{4}$) removed, group 4 was added with the natural Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 5 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 6 was added with phytase (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed. The results showed: i) the average daily gain (ADG) was improved in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p<0.05); ii) the diarrhea rates in the groups added with Lactobacillus were lower than in the other groups (p<0.05), in which the transformed Lactobacillus had more effect on reducing digestive disease; iii) the transformed Lactobacillus was most effective in improving the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), compared with the other groups (p<0.05); iv) Lactobacillus could increase lactic acid bacterium number and ammonia concentrations, and decrease pH values and E. coli number in pig feces (p<0.05); v) the phytase activity in the feces of pigs fed with the transformed Lactobacillus was 133.32 U/g, which was higher than in group 4 (9.58 U/g, p<0.05), and was almost the same as group 6 (135.94 U/g); vi) the transformed Lactobacillus could increase serum concentrations of IgA, triglyceride, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (p<0.05), and had no significant effect on other serum indexes (p>0.05).

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.40-44
• /
• 2001

해당화의 항산화 활성 및 ascorbic acid(vitamin C)와 ${\beta}-carotene$ (provitamin A)의 부위별 및 채취시기별 함량분포를 조사하였다. 항산화활성에서는 뿌리 $(RC_{50}\;=\;0.5{\mu}g/ml$이하)와 줄기 $(RC_{50}\;=\;0.5{\mu}g/ml)$부분이 특히 강하였으며 부위별로 보면 뿌리, 줄기, 잎, 열매 순으로 나타났고, 부위별 ascorbic acid함량분포를 보면 해당화는 잎, 열매, 줄기, 뿌리 순으로 감소하였으며 특히 11월에 채취한 시료의 경우 잎에 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 이는 열매의 함량을 기준으로 할 때 해당화는 약 4.2배로 매우 높은 함량임을 알 수 있다. 해당화는 11월에 채취한 것이 9월에 채취한 것보다 약 $1.59\;{\sim}\;1.77$배 높은 함량을 보였으며, 부위별 ${\beta}-carotene$의 함량분포를 보면 해당화는 열매, 잎 순으로 함량이 낮아짐을 알 수 있으며, 11월에 채취한 해당화 열매의 f-carotene 함량이 높았고, 줄기와 뿌리에서는 ${\beta}-carotene$이 확인되지 않았으나 ether extract량으로 볼 때 carotene 이외의 성분의 존재를 예측할 수 있었다. 잎의 ${\beta}-carotene$ 함량은 해당화의 경우는 9월에 채취한 것이 11월에 채취 한 것보다 약간 높았다. 이상의 실험 결과로 볼 때 해당화에는 ${\beta}-carotene$이나 비타민 C 같은 항산화 비타민을 많이 함유하고 있어 앞으로 이를 이용한 기능성 식품 개발이 기대되어진다.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1975

담자균(擔子菌) Pleurotus ostreatus, Pholiota nameko, Flammulina velutipes가 생산(生産)하는 각종(各種) 효소(酵素)에 의(依)한 톱밥류와 농산물 폐물인 고구마줄기, 옥수수대 및 보리짚의 영양사료(榮養飼料)에 관하며 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 활엽수, 포플라 및 밤나무의 톱밥과 고구마줄기 옥수수대 및 보리짚의 비율을 $42{\sim}49$ 대(對) 30으로 조절(調節)하고 쌀겨 $18{\sim}25$의 비율로 배합한 기질(基質)에서 수분함량(水分含量) $67{\sim}70%$, 온도(溫度) $24{\sim}26^{\circ}C$가 발육(發育)에 적합(適合)하였다. 2. 20일간(日間) 각시험구(各試驗區)에서 생장(生長)시킨 후(後) 원료기질중(原料基質中)의 섬유를 조사(調査)한 바, $47{\sim}50%$ 분해(分解)하여 다당류화(多糖類化)시켰고 리그닌은 $20{\sim}25%$ 분해(分解)하였고 단백질함량은 처음의 약 3배량(倍量)이었다. 3. 조(粗)섬유의 농후사료화(濃厚飼料化)가 가능(可能)하였다.