• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.657-673
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• 2009

The fixed point algebra $C^*(E)^{\gamma}$ of a gauge action $\gamma$ on a graph $C^*$-algebra $C^*(E)$ and its AF subalgebras $C^*(E)^{\gamma}_{\upsilon}$ associated to each vertex v do play an important role for the study of dynamical properties of $C^*(E)$. In this paper, we consider the stability of $C^*(E)^{\gamma}$ (an AF algebra is either stable or equipped with a (nonzero bounded) trace). It is known that $C^*(E)^{\gamma}$ is stably isomorphic to a graph $C^*$-algebra $C^*(E_{\mathbb{Z}}\;{\times}\;E)$ which we observe being stable. We first give an explicit isomorphism from $C^*(E)^{\gamma}$ to a full hereditary $C^*$-subalgebra of $C^*(E_{\mathbb{N}}\;{\times}\;E)({\subset}\;C^*(E_{\mathbb{Z}}\;{\times}\;E))$ and then show that $C^*(E_{\mathbb{N}}\;{\times}\;E)$ is stable whenever $C^*(E)^{\gamma}$ is so. Thus $C^*(E)^{\gamma}$ cannot be stable if $C^*(E_{\mathbb{N}}\;{\times}\;E)$ admits a trace. It is shown that this is the case if the vertex matrix of E has an eigenvector with an eigenvalue $\lambda$ > 1. The AF algebras $C^*(E)^{\gamma}_{\upsilon}$ are shown to be nonstable whenever E is irreducible. Several examples are discussed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C and E on carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Thirty seven Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments. The four treatments were control(vitamin E 20 IU/kg feed), vitamin C(vitamin C 0.1%/kg feed and vitamin E 20 IU/kg feed), vitamin E(vitamin E 220 IU/kg feed) and vitamin C plus E(vitamin C 0.1%/kg feed and vitamin E 220 IU/kg feed). Hanwoo steers were fed experimental diets for 3 months of the last finishing period. Animals fed the diet containing vitamin C plus E had higher(P<0.05) yield grade than those fed the other diets but quality grade was not different between animals fed the control diet and vitamin-supplemented diets. Proximate analysis in longissimus dorsi was not different between animals fed the control diet and vitamin-supplemented diets. Vitamin C concentration in longissimus dorsi was higher (P<0.05) in the animals fed the vitamin C diet and the vitamin C plus E diet than in those fed the control diet and the vitamin E diet. Vitamin E concentration in longissimus dorsi was higher(P<0.05) in the animals fed the diet supplemented with vitamin E and the diet supplemented with vitamin C plus E than in those fed the control diet and the vitamin C diet. Animals fed the diet supplemented with vitamin C was higher(P<0.05) in myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in the longissimus dorsi than those fed the other diets, but linoleic acid in longissimus dorsi was higher(P<0.05) in the animals fed the vitamin E diet than those fed the other diets. However, saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid were not different between animals fed the control diet and vitamin-supplemented diets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09b
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• pp.147-151
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• 2010

In this study, the clay specimen of Busan-Gyeongnam region was used for unconfined compression test to compare the relationship formula between elasticity modulus at peak($E_f$), elasticity modulus at $q_u$/2($E_{50}$), and cohesion when the sample breaks down by region and by level of cohesion. As the result, the regional results were found to be in the range of $E_f$ = 14c~47c and $E_{50}$ = 43c~137c; by cohesion, the results for very soft ground was $E_f$ = 15c~40c and $E_{50}$ = 54c~101c, $E_f$ = 13c~63c and $E_{50$ = 40c~147c for soft ground, $E_f$ = 18c~47c and $E_{50}$ = 57c~144c for medium ground, and $E_f$ = 25c~45c and $E_{50}$ = 68c~115c for solid ground. The average of the relationship formula between elasticity modulus-cohesion for the clay used in this study was $E_f$ = 32c, $E_{50}$ = 93c. This is 2.5~5 times smaller than the existing relationship formula.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.282-290
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• 2018

Background: Anti-E or paired anti-E/-c antibodies can develop in patients with the Rh CDe phenotype. This study examined the differences in transfusion in patients with the CDe phenotype according to formation of anti-E or anti-E/-c antibodies. Methods: Retrospective reviews were carried out on the results of antibody identification tests performed in 2014. The Rh phenotype and antibody specificity were investigated. The transfusion and medical records of patients with the CDe phenotype were examined. Results: In total, 76 patients were included in the review. Of these 76 patients, 38 (50.0%) were of the CDe phenotype. Anti-E antibodies were the most frequent (60.5%), followed by anti-E/-c antibodies (23.7%). The total transfusion units and platelet transfusion units were significantly higher in patients with anti-E/-c antibodies (P=0.028 and P=0.01, respectively). The distribution of categorized diseases was similar in the patients with the anti-E and anti-E/-c antibodies. A frequency of transfusion episodes greater than or equal to four was higher in patients with hepatobiliary diseases (85.7%). Conclusion: In CDe phenotype patients, platelet transfusion was significantly higher in the anti-E/-c positive group than the anti-E positive group, indicating that platelets play a role in red blood cell alloimmunization. Because E is the most immunogenic antigen in Korea, it is important to define the disease group, in which patients with CDe phenotype require a transfusion of E and c-negative blood.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.203-213
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• 2017

Serum creatinine-based eGFR and serum cystatin C-based eGFR are the most popular methods for measuring renal function. Thyroid hormone is known to affect serum creatinine-based eGFR and serum cystatin C-based eGFR; however, the clinical significance of thyroid dysfunctional patients of renal function evaluation has not been fully elucidated to date. This study examined the effect of thyroid hormone on serum creatinine-based eGFR and serum cystatin C-based eGFR. Moreover, we also evaluated the correlation analysis between serum creatinine-based eGFR and serum cystatin C-based eGFR in patients with thyroid dysfunction. A total of 442 patients with hypothyroidism and 284 patients with hyperthyroidism were investigated. A correlation analysis between thyroid hormone and serum creatinine- (and cystatin C-) based eGFR was performed. A correlation analysis between thyroid hormone and serum cystatin-C based eGFR indicated that serum cystatin-C based eGFR is more of an independent biomarker than serum creatinine-based eGFR in thyroid dysfunction patients. Therefore, serum cystatin C-based eGFR more accurately reflects renal function than serum creatinine-based eGFR in thyroid dysfunction patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.89-90
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• 2018

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 1999

With the increasing elderly population in Korea, dementia has become a mojor health problem in Korea. Several studies have been conducted on the association between dementia and dietary intake, especially vitamin E and vitamin C. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation on the decrease in cognitive function induced by scopolamine(300mg/kg) in rats. Rats were divided into three groups : control, vitamin C, and vitamin E supplementation(2.4g Vit C or Vit E /100g diet) and fed the diets for 6 weeks. There were significant decreases in active avoidance response and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in the control group, but no significant differences were observed in the vitamin E and C groups after scopolamine treatment. Brain dopamine concentration of vitamin E and C groups was significantly higher than those of control group after scopolamine injection. The concentrations of brain norepinephrine also showed similar tendence, even though it was not statistically significant. These results indicate that vitamin E and vitamin C may protect against the cognitive function decrease induced by scopolamine. However, it is still unclear how vitamin E and C influence brain neurotransmitters and improve cognitive function. Further study is need to elucidate the role of vitamin E and C supplementation in the prevention of dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.75-80
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• 1995

It is important to estimate the possibility of recovery in physiologically damaged woody plant. It is suggested that C.E.R(cambial electrical resistance) might be a useful method to predict the permanent wilting point. D/A and A/D converter can be used to measure the C.E.R and it took only 10-20 msec for a measurement and the values were stable during this study. A computer could be used for the continual measurement of C.E.R. There were very big daily changes of C.E.R. was changed according to the changes of indoor temperature, but the phase was slightly different. It is reasoned that daily changes in C.E.R. is induced by the changes of water potential and cambial thickness. It was difficult to detect the changes of C.E.R. caused by changes in soil moisture under high soil water potential. Under low soil water potential, the changes in soil moisture under high soil water potential. Under low soil water potential, the changes of C.E.R. can be detected. After wilting, C.E.R. is increased very rapidly. When C.E.R. is not decreased by watering, it will be permanent wilting point. But it takes several days to confirm the permanent wilting point. To predict the possibility of recovery from wilting, the values of C.E.R. have no meaning. But the changes of C.E.R. are significant. Therefore we can predict the permant wilting point in woody plant by monitoring the change of C.E.R. by the computer.

• Cement Symposium
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• s.48
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• pp.1-5
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• 2021

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

Steroid hormone is known to cause the dynamic changes of mammalian uterus during reproductive cycle, which are modulated via hypothalamus-pituitary -gonad reproductive endocrine axis. Although there were so many studies about estrogenic regulation of uterine growth and differentiation. There is little information about the effect of estrogen on the expression of various transcription factors involved in gene expression. Thus the present study was designed to demonstrate E induced expression of c-fos, c-jun, hsp25 mRNA in rat uterus. Employing Northern blot analysis, we studied the temporal expressions of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) elicited by a single 17beta-estradiol (E) treatment in the uteri of bilaterally ovariectomized adult rats. c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels were increased and peaked at 3h after E administration, and then c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were rapidly decreased to basal control level while, increased hsp25 mRNA levels were sustained till 12h post E treatment. To test the estrogenic effect on the increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels, we also examined the effects of antiestrogen (tamoxifen). Pretreatment with tamoxifen effectively blocked the E-induced increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels at 3h post E treatment. Present results suggest that transient increase of c-fos and c-jun protooncogene mRNA at the early time and simultaneous expression of hsp25 mRNA contribute to the response of uterine tissues to E in adult female rats.