• Advances in materials Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2017

The terrorist attacks and dangers by bomb blast have turned into an emerging issue throughout the world and the protection of the people and structures against terrorist acts depends on the prediction of the response of structures under blast and shock load. In this paper, behavior of aluminum and unidirectionally reinforced E-Glass Epoxy composite plates with and without focal circular holes subjected to shock loading has been identified. For isotropic and orthotropic plates (with and without holes) the classical normal mode approach has been utilized as a part of the processing of theoretical results. To obtain the accurate results, convergence of the results was considered and a number of modes were selected for plate with and without hole individually. Using a shock tube as a loading device, tests have been conducted to composite plates to verify the theoretical results. Moreover, peak dynamic strains, investigated by experiments are also compared with the theoretical values and deviation of the results are discussed accordingly. The strain-time histories are likewise indicated for a specific gauge area for aluminum and composite plates. Comparison of dynamic-amplification factors between the isotropic and the orthotropic plates with and without hole has been discussed.

• Composites Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2016

Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites have drawn increasing attentions worldwide for decades due to its outstanding properties. Stress concentration factor (SCF) as an essential parameter in materials science are critically considered in structure design and application, strength assessment and failure prediction. However, investigation of stress concentration in FRP composites has been rarely reported so far. In this study, three resource-conserving analyses (Isotropic analysis, Orthotropic analysis and Finite element analysis) were introduced to plot the $K_T^A-d/W$ curve for E-glass/epoxy composite plate with the geometrical defect of circular hole placed centrally. The plates were loaded to uniaxial direction for simplification. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out via ACP (ANSYS composite prepost module). Based on the least squares method, a simple expression of fitting equation could be given based on the simulated results of a set of discrete points. Finally, all three achievable solutions were presented graphically for explicit comparison. In addition, the investigation into customized efficient SCFs has also been carried out for further reference.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2020

In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of the friction coefficient and wear area change of carbon/epoxy and E-glass/epoxy composites depending on the fiber direction (0°/90°). We compared the results of the case where the sliding direction is parallel to the fiber direction (0°) with that of the case where it is perpendicular to the fiber direction (90°). The ball-on-plate wear test equipment was used to cause wear in both directions. Two types of specimens were prepared with thicknesses of 3 mm-one made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite (CFRP) and the other of glass fiber reinforced plastic composite (GFRP). A normal force of 20 N was applied to the specimen and the sliding speed was 10 mm/s and the sliding distance was set to 20 m to perform the wear test. The CFRP demonstrates superior tribological characteristics compared to the GFRP. This outcome is attributed to graphitization of carbon, which serves as solid lubricating particles. In addition, both CFRP and GFRP are worn more in the 90° direction than in the 0° direction. This is due to the greater occurrence of fiber breakage and separation in the 90° direction than in the 0° direction. This study is expected to be utilized as basic data for understanding the friction and wear characteristics of CFRP and GFRP composites along the fiber direction and to apply the appropriate material.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1995

With the contact angle of phase dropping epoxy resin on the inorganic filler(glass plate) surface treated with air plasma, we have studied about the interfacial wettability between epoxy resin and glass plate as a simple model of glass fiber reinforced composite materials. The contact angle on the inorganic filler surface varied with surface treatment conditions. The contact angle significantly depends on plasma treating time and environment temperature in the oven. From the view point of plasma treatment condition in this work, when discharge conditions were pressure 200mtorr, voltage 800V, magnetic flux density 8OGauss, optimum treatment time were proved as 3,4 and 5 minutes for the environment of >$80^{\circ}C$, >$100^{\circ}C$ and >$120^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2009

In this paper, through an evaluation process conducted on several designs of mini-LIPCA (Lightweight Piezo-Composite curved Actuator), an optimal design of a mini-LIPCA has been proposed. Comparing with the LIPCA-C2, the design of the mini-LIPCA comes with reduced overall size and a thinner active layer. Since a variation in the number and lay-up of fiber composite layers may strongly affect the performance of the device, one is able to configure several designs of mini-LIPCA. The evaluation process is then followed in order to determine a configuration which characterizes the possibly optimal performance. That is, a design of a mini-LIPCA is said to be optimal if it is capable of producing a maximum out-of-plane displacement. The size of the LIPCA to be investigated was selected to be $10\;mm\;{\times}\;20\;mm$ in which the thickness of PZT plate is about 0.1 mm. The thickness of glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy are about 0.09 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The evaluation process has been conducted thoroughly, i.e., analytical estimation, numerical approximation and the experimental measurement are all involved. Firstly, the design equation was used to calculate essential parameters of proposed lay-up configurations. Secondly, ANSYS, a commercial FEA package, was utilized to estimate displacement outputs of the actuators upon being excited. Finally, experimental measurements were able to verify the predicted results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.105-126
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• 2016

In the present study, modelling and vibration control of axially moving laminated Carbon nanotubes/fiber/polymer composite (CNTFPC) plate under initial tension are investigated. Orthotropic visco-Pasternak foundation is developed to consider the influences of orthotropy angle, damping coefficient, normal and shear modulus. The governing equations of the laminated CNTFPC plates are derived based on new form of first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) which is simpler than the conventional one due to reducing the number of unknowns and governing equations, and significantly, it does not require a shear correction factor. Halpin-Tsai model is utilized to evaluate the material properties of two-phase composite consist of uniformly distributed and randomly oriented CNTs through the epoxy resin matrix. Afterwards, the structural properties of CNT reinforced polymer matrix which is assumed as a new matrix and then reinforced with E-Glass fiber are calculated by fiber micromechanics approach. Employing Hamilton's principle, the equations of motion are obtained and solved by Hybrid analytical numerical method. Results indicate that the critical speed of moving laminated CNTFPC plate can be improved by adding appropriate values of CNTs. These findings can be used in design and manufacturing of marine vessels and aircrafts.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.473-484
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• 2018

Free vibration of cross-ply laminated plates using a higher-order shear deformation theory is studied. The arbitrary number of layers is oriented in symmetric and anti-symmetric manners. The plate kinematics are based on higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and the vibrational behaviour of multi-layered plates are analysed under simply supported boundary conditions. The differential equations are obtained in terms of displacement and rotational functions by substituting the stress-strain relations and strain-displacement relations in the governing equations and separable method is adopted for these functions to get a set of ordinary differential equations in term of single variable, which are coupled. These displacement and rotational functions are approximated using cubic and quantic splines which results in to the system of algebraic equations with unknown spline coefficients. Incurring the boundary conditions with the algebraic equations, a generalized eigen value problem is obtained. This eigen value problem is solved numerically to find the eigen frequency parameter and associated eigenvectors which are the spline coefficients.The material properties of Kevlar-49/epoxy, Graphite/Epoxy and E-glass epoxy are used to show the parametric effects of the plates aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio, stacking sequence, number of lamina and ply orientations on the frequency parameter of the plate. The current results are verified with those results obtained in the previous work and the new results are presented in tables and graphs.