• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 2011

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is one of the major protein turnover mechanisms that plays important roles in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. It is composed of E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 ubiquitin ligases that transfer ubiquitin to the substrates that are subjected to degradation in the 26S proteasome. The Skp1, Cullin, F-box protein (SCF) E3 ligases are the largest E3 gene family, in which the F-box protein is the key component to determine substrate specificity. Although the SCF E3 ligase and its F-box proteins have been extensively studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, only limited studies have been reported on the role of F-box proteins in other fungi. Recently, a number of studies revealed that F-box proteins are required for fungal pathogenicity. In this communication, we review the current understanding of F-box proteins in pathogenic fungi.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 1999

To elucidate the role of vir-box in the expression of the virE gene, the vir-box was modified by site-directed mutagenesis and tested for ${\beta}$-galactosidase activities. A, C, T T, A, C substitutions at -62, -63, and -65 positions, destroying the 5'-region of the vir-box and A T at position -55, destroying the 3'-region of the vir-box respectively, showed only 17% promoter activity. When the vir-box was modified to contain perfect dyad symmetry structure (DSR) by the substitutions T, G A, T at -60 an d-61 positions, ${\beta}$-glactosidase activity increased 302%. These results indicate that the 5' and 3'-region of vir-box as well as the imperfect DSR of the vir-box itself may play a very important role in the regulation of virE gene expression.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.565-577
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• 2022

In this study, a series of three-dimensional numerical parametric study was conducted to investigate deformation mechanisms of an existing box culvert due to an adjacent multi-propped basement excavation in clays. Field measurements from an excavation case history are first used to calibrate a baseline Hardening Soil Small Strain (HS-small) model, which is subsequently adopted for parametric study. Results indicate that the basement-box culvert interaction along the basement centerline can be considered as a plane strain condition when the length of excavation (L) reaches 14 H_e (i.e., final excavation depth). If a plane strain condition (i.e., L/H_e=12.0) is assumed for analyzing the basement-box culvert interaction of a short excavation (i.e., L/H_e=2.0), the maximum settlement and horizontal movement of the box culvert are overestimated significantly by up to 15.7 and 5.1 times, respectively. It is also found that the deformation of box culvert can be greatly affected by the basement excavation if the distance between the box culvert and retaining wall is less than 1.5 H_e. The induced deformation in the box culvert can be dramatically reduced by improving the ground inside the excavation or implementing other precautionary measures. For example, by adding jet grouting columns within the basement and installing an isolation wall behind the retaining structures, the maximum settlements of box culvert are shown to reduce by 37.2% and 13.4%, respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.13-16
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• 2005

For the high-throughput-screening system (HTS) of depigmenting agents using a protein chip, effects of oligonucleotide-inhibitor sequence on the binding of Mitf protein to E box of MC1R was investigated. The sequence of oligonucletide-inhibitor affected the binding of the target DNA to Mitf, depending on the location of the sequence variation in the inhibitor nucleotide. The oligonucletide-inhibitor that changed the CATGTG sequence didn't show enough inhibition of the target DNA to Mitf, whereas significant inhibition was observed when the sequence outside the CATGTG was changed. This result indicated that CATCTG is crucial sequence for the binding of Mitf to I-box which initiates the transcription of pigmenting genes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.732-740
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• 2004

MCM proteins are essential for eukaryotic DNA replication, playing roles in the initiation and elongation of DNA replication. MCM proteins expression is much higher in malignant tissues than normal tissues. Several reports have indicated the usefulness of MCM proteins as markers of cancer cells in histopathological diagnosis. However, the cause of enhanced expression of MCM proteins in cancer cells remain to be clarified. The purpose of this study is to examine the relative transcriptional activities of human mcm gene promoters in cancer and normal cells. The minimal promoter region required for transcription of a luciferase reporter gene was contained an E-box and one E2F site. In addition, luciferase activities from mcm7 and mcm2 promoter/luciferase gene reporter constructs were significantly increased in cancer cells at 8 times compared with normal cells. E-box and E2F binding site in the promoter of mcm genes are responsible for different mechanism of transcription regulation on the cellular environment.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2017

Word-of-mouth (WOM), the communication between consumers offline, has transformed to include electronic word-of-mouth(eWOM), which has grown in its influence due to the advancements in communication technology. Despite the fact that many researchers have studied the impact of WOM and eWOM on the performance of movies in the movie industry, there still exists much controversy. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship of eWOM's volume and valence with the box office revenue for 2 years in Korean movies industry. The results show that the volume of eWOM, which is expected to related to awareness diffusion, is more important than the valence in the early stage of movie release. And in the later stage, the valence of eWOM which is expected to related to persuasion effect influences the box office revenue. In addition, the relationship of the volume and valence on box office revenue in both early and later stage can be increased through the interaction with the star power which raises the familiarity or the movie genre which causes the high arousal.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.672-677
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• 2005

The standard reference collection of strains for E. coli, the ECOR collection, was analyzed by a genome-based typing method. Seventy-one ECOR strains were subjected to repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR genome fingerprinting with BOX primers (BOX-PCR). Using a similarity value of 0.8 or more after cluster analysis of BOX-PCR fingerprinting patterns to define the same genotypes, we identified 28 genotypes in the ECOR collection. Shannon's entropy-based diversity index was 3.07, and the incident-based coverage estimator indicated potentially 420 genotypes among E. coli populations. Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit showed statistically significant association between the genotypes defined by BOX-PCR fingerprinting and the groups previously defined by multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis. This study suggests that the diversification of E. coli strains in natural populations is actively ongoing, and rep-PCR fingerprinting is a convenient and reliable method to type E. coli strains for the purposes ranging from ecology to quarantine.ine.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10b
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• pp.1337-1342
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• 1990

This paper deals with control system design strategy for electrolmaginetic suspension (E.M.S.) system. For a successful control of E.M.S. system, the nature of E.M.S. system is deeply studied in the view point of non-linear, open-loop unstable, time-varying, non-minimum phase system. To find a special control treatment for E.M.S. system, analyses and simulations for various models are carried out. As one of the successful candidates, adaptive control concept is introduced and sample hardware system using digital signal processor is implemented.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.479-483
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• 2004

An attempt was made to develop a proteinchip for screening of MITF (microphthalmia transcription factor) inhibitor. Binding of MITF to E-box causes transcription of several pigmenting genes including tyrosinase gene. We investigated binding of MITF and its DNA binding site (E-box) using a protein-DNA chip with various detection methods including flurorescence (Cyt3). SPR (surface plasmon resonance) and SPRi (surface plasmon resonance imaging). A fusion protein (MITF-Maltose Binding Protein) was attached on the glass plate by chemical modification. An inhibitory synthetic DNA oligomer, artificially designed based on the E-box sequence, inhibited the binding of MITF and E-box. These results showed the potentials of flurorescence-based MITF protein chip as a microarray for high throughput screening (HTS) system of depigmenting agents.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2019

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous lysophospholipid with signaling properties outside of the cell and it signals through specific G protein-coupled receptors, known as $LPA_{1-6}$. For one of its receptors, $LPA_1$ (gene name Lpar1), details on the cis-acting elements for transcriptional control have not been defined. Using 5'RACE analysis, we report the identification of an alternative transcription start site of mouse Lpar1 and characterize approximately 3,500 bp of non-coding flanking sequence 5' of mouse Lpar1 gene for promoter activity. Transient transfection of cells derived from mouse neocortical neuroblasts with constructs from the 5' regions of mouse Lpar1 gene revealed the region between -248 to +225 serving as the basal promoter for Lpar1. This region also lacks a TATA box. For the region between -761 to -248, a negative regulatory element affected the basal expression of Lpar1. This region has three E-box sequences and mutagenesis of these E-boxes, followed by transient expression, demonstrated that two of the E-boxes act as negative modulators of Lpar1. One of these E-box sequences bound the HeLa E-box binding protein (HEB), and modulation of HEB levels in the transfected cells regulated the transcription of the reporter gene. Based on our data, we propose that HEB may be required for a proper regulation of Lpar1 expression in the embryonic neocortical neuroblast cells and to affect its function in both normal brain development and disease settings.