• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.213-216
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• 2002

Food consumption and conversion efficiency of new bivoltine hybrids (CSR2$\times$CSR4 and CSR2$\times$CSR5) were studied under restricted feeding levels (10, 20 and 30% less quantity of mulberry leaves). The data were compared with a control fed with standard quantum of feed as per the recommendation. The nutritional indices parameters i. e. ingests, digesta, approximate digestibility (%) and reference ratio were recorded higher in control batches compared to less feed batches while nutritional efficiency parameters i. e., ECI and ECD to cocoon and shell were recorded significantly higher in restricted feeding level batches. This increase is attributed due to the physiological adaptation under nutritional stress condition.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 1999

Twelve pure silkworm lines identified based in higher G.C.A values from a line${\times}$Tecter crossing programme, were crossed with twelve breeds showing cocoon shell ratio>22% and hybrids prepared, evaluated in a Multiple index method. Seven hydrids showing average index value>50 in all the 10 economic characters were seclcted and evaluated in the laboratory. However, two hybrids viz., A3${\times}$935E and A3${\times}$916B were finally selected based on the superiority of the breeds in one day shorter larval duration and with and with higher reeling characters compared to control KA${\times}$NB4D2. The breeding procedure involed in evolution hybrids are discussed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.665-670
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• 2012

This study investigated the effect of endurance exercises on blood pressure, angiogenesis, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Five week old SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomly divided into 3 groups: Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n=9), SHR control (SHR-C, n=9), and SHR endurance exercise training (SHR-E, n=9). Endurance exercise training was performed on a treadmill (12-20 m/min, 0% grade, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, 16 weeks). Systolic blood pressure was monitored with the tail-cuff method. The expression of VEGF protein and capillary density were identified using western blotting and H&E staining in the soleus muscle, respectively. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by endurance exercise in SHR ($p$ <0.05). The capillary density of skeletal muscles in SHR-C was lower than in WKY ($p$ <0.05), but it was recovered by endurance exercise training (SHR-E) compared to SHR-C ($p$ <0.05), and VEGF protein was also increased by endurance exercise training compared to SHR-C ($p$ <0.05). These data suggest that the enhancement of capillary density via an increase of VEGF expression in skeletal muscles by endurance exercise training could be an important factor to inhibit blood pressure elevation in SHR.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.676-684
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• 2003

eLearning can be defined as an approach to teaching and teaming that utilises Internet technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational context. This includes technology that supplements traditional classroom training with web-based components and learning environments where the educational process is experienced online. The use of hypertext as an educational tool has a very rich history. The advent of the internet and one of its major application, the world wide web (WWW), has given a tremendous boost to the theory and practice of hypermedia systems for educational purposes. However, the web suffers from an inability to satisfy the heterogeneous needs of a large number of users. For example, web-based courses present the same static teaming material to students with widely differing knowledge of the subject. Adaptive hypermedia techniques can be used to improve the adaptability of eLearning. In this paper we report an approach to the design a unified implementation framework suitable for web-based eLearning that accommodates the three main dimensions of hypermedia adaptation: content, navigation, and presentation. The framework externalises the adaptation strategies using XML notation. The separation of the adaptation strategies from the source code of the eLearning software enables a system using the framework to quickly implement a variety of adaptation strategies. This work is a part of our more general ongoing work on the design of a framework for adaptive content delivery. parts of the framework discussed in this paper have been imulemented in a commercial eLearning engine.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-29
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• 2006

The recent development of IT, consolidation of communication and multimedia technology have brought enormous changes in many organizations. Theses changes are enabling the new educational opportunities such as distance teaming and virtual class room. Recently, e-Learning has grown rapidly in business training field, In the context of companies, e-Learning has merits in terms of access convenience, costs reduction self-directed learning, reciprocity, and flexibility. In this regard, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate which factors of e-Learning influence the effectiveness of education and transfer of loaming in business organizations. Based on the prior studies of the education and business training field, research model and research hypotheses were developed. Factors studied in this paper were as follows: 1) learners' characteristics, 2) organizational support and 3) system environments. The results of our study are as follows. (1) Motivation perceived usefulness in Learner factors had an significant influence on both learning effectiveness and transfer of teaming, whereas Ability, expectation had an influence on transfer of teaming. (2) Support from peer, support from supervisor in Organization factors had an significant influence on both Loaming effectiveness and transfer of teaming, whereas support from organization had influence on learning effectiveness. (3) Appropriate contents in system circumstance had an significant influence on both teaming effectiveness and transfer of teaming, whereas interface design had an influence on learning effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1990

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of altruistic TV viewing and verbal training on the altruistic behavior of preschoolers. The subjects of this study were a total of 56 boys and 57 girls from a kindergarten in Kwachon, Kyung-gi do. The subjects were assigned to one of three conditions: in the first condition subjects were shown video tapes designed to portray prosocial themes (TV modeling group) ; in the second condition subjects saw the video tapes in addition to verbal training (TV modeling plus verbal training group); in the third condition subjects received neither TV modeling nor verbal training (control group). Statistical analysis was by ANOVA and $Scherr\acute{e}$ test. Significant differences were found in altruistic behavior between the TV modeling and the TV modeling with verbal training groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2001

This paper presents the educational methodology shipboard training methods of Maritime Colleges in U.S.A. and the fields of engagement in business of the graduates from them. There are two Maritime Academies, i.e. U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) and U.S. Coast Guard Academy, which are supported by federal government and six Maritime Colleges operated by each State. Maritime Administration (MARAD) in the Department of Transportation (DOT) supports the training of merchant marine officers and crew members with a focus on safety in U.S. waterborne commerce. The shipboard training methods are not unique, but have various process. One is continuous sea term training onboard during sophomore (100 days) and junior year (200 days) in case of USMMA, the other is summer sea term training onboard every three months during freshman, sophomore and junior years in case of SUNY Maritime College. They offer also one month ship simulator training ashore. The employment status for the 1999 year graduates from USMMA shows 43 percent in the field of maritime afloat, 34 percent of maritime ashore, 22 percent of active duty military and 1 percent of others.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

A Language model with neural networks commonly trained with likelihood loss. Such that the model can learn the sequence of human text. State-of-the-art results achieved in various language generation tasks, e.g., text summarization, dialogue response generation, and text generation, by utilizing the language model's next token output probabilities. Monotonous and boring outputs are a well-known problem of this model, yet only a few solutions proposed to address this problem. Several decoding techniques proposed to suppress repetitive tokens. Unlikelihood training approached this problem by penalizing candidate tokens probabilities if the tokens already seen in previous steps. While the method successfully showed a less repetitive generated token, the method has a large memory consumption because of the training need a big vocabulary size. We effectively reduced memory footprint by encoding words as sequences of subword units. Finally, we report competitive results with token level unlikelihood training in several automatic evaluations compared to the previous work.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.433-445
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• 2020

Professional TBM Operator is in short supply worldwide, and insufficient construction experience of new personnel using TBM can lead to a decline in response capabilities when various construction risks occur. The fact that the TBM construction quality greatly depends on the skill and experience of the TBM operator, and the decrease in productivity due to insufficient skilled manpower, and the decrease in safety due to the decrease in skill level are frequently discussed problems in the TBM industry. To this end, several overseas companies and organizations have developed simulators, and a simulator is being developed in Korea. The International Tunneling Association is planning a comprehensive training, including classroom training, e-learning, simulator training and field training. Given the progress at home and abroad, TBM driver training and formal recognition of training through certification or licensing is expected to become the norm in the near future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5301-5310
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• 2013

The biological mechanisms of cancer and associations with behavior of tumours need to be studied to understand progression and determine appropriate treatments. Here we investigated expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and E-cadherin in laryngeal SCCs and their relations with clinical behavior. This prospective study was based on 38 surgical specimens from patients with primary laryngeal SCC and data recorded in their cards. Expression of the three factors in tumor tissue was examined using immunohistochemistry and correlations with clinical parameters of primary tumors, regional lymph node metastases, stage of disease, histopathologic differentiation, and vascular/cartilage invasion were investigated. Regarding the cases with positive MMP-9 expression, the difference between well and moderately/poorly differentiated tumors was statistically significant. However, differences between early stage (stage I and II) and late-stage (stage III and IV) tumours, and between positive and negative for pLN metastasis were not. No significant relationship between positive VEGF and tumor differentiation or stage was apparent, but E-cadherin levels significantly differed between well and moderately/poorly differentiated tumours and with the presence of pLN metastasis. E-cadherin staining did not vary between MMP-9 positive and negative cases. In conclusion, MMP-9 may be a negative predictor of differentiation in laryngeal SCC, while E-cadherin is a predictor of differentiation and nodal metastases. Even if the difference between VEGF expression and tumor stage was not statistically significant, it seems that there exists some relationship, which might be clarified with a greater number of cases.