• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.177-186
• /
• 2023

Background: Inner Mongolia, desertification is happening due to climate change and land use alterations. In order to evaluate desert restoration effectiveness, this study compares number of species and species diversity in restored (with planted trees), unrestored area, and the reference ecosystem (Ref-E, typical steppe and woody steppe). Results: The Ref-E had the most plant species (64 taxa), while the unrestored area had the fewest (5 taxa). Among restored areas (restored in 2012, 2008, 2005), older restoration sites had more species (18-42). Similarly, species richness (3.93-0.41) and diversity (1.99-0.40) were highest in the Ref-E and lowest in unrestored areas, with older restored sites having higher values. Conclusions: More plant species and diversity in older restoration areas suggest progress toward ecosystem stabilization, approaching the Ref-E. Therefore, tree planting in Inner Mongolia's Hulunbuir semi-arid desert is a successful restoration effort.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.301-310
• /
• 1992

This work was performed to investigate the possibility of using J96 hemolysin(Hly, Hly A) vaccine against urinary tract infecting Escherichia coli. Based on the known sequence of J96 hemolysin which was originally isolated from a pyelonephritis patient, ten 20-mer oligonucleotide probes were synthesized. Radioactive labelled 8 probes showed positive colony blots against most of the hemolysin producing wild type E. coli, while HA484 and HA661 showed 28.3, 71.7% positive blots, respectively. This result means that hemolysin genes are highly conserved. Also, 12 anti-Hly MABs(monoclonal antibodies) showed more than 90% positive immunoblots against secreted hemolysin from wild type E. coli. Especially, the result that MAB132 neutralized hemolysin from all of the wild type E. coli augments the idea that hemolysin will be effective as a vaccine.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 2004

Recognizing a tremendous increase in the Internet users and popularity of E-learning through the Internet, this study attempted to analyze interactive financial education web sites for children. Using meta search engines and major search engines, interactive financial education web sites identified based on the three criteria and analyzed in terms of the appropriateness for specific age groups, the coverage of contents related to the basic knowledge for financial literacy, and the interactive activities. The results showed that financial education web sites for children were needed to be improved in terms of both quantity and quality. The study also provides a guideline how to search for an appropriate financial education web sites for children when parents want teach about money to their children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.26 no.9
• /
• pp.1366-1377
• /
• 2002

For the commerce of sensual goods such as textile products, feel and touch is very important. Although on-line B2B commerce in textile materials are increasing currently, off-line sample exchange process is also required in order to make a decision. So far it is evident that the means of on-line communication is not sufficient to both customers and suppliers. The aim of this study is to improve the e-catalogues, which is the equivalent of showroom of off-line business, by analyzing information items offered in currently opened B2B sites and to categorize the essential information items to be included in the I-catalogues. The study was carried out as follows: First e-catalogues of many B2B sites were compared and analyzed from the viewpoint of customers, apparel manufacturers. Second, apparel manufacturers were interviewed to find out what causes the inconvenience, which prevent them to do B2B commerce. Third, on the basis of these n analysis, the researcher categorized information items of the e-catalogue. The apparel manufacturers were interviewed on the feasibility of the information items researcher suggested forth, With the results, we proposed an e-catalogue of 53 information items. Fifth, Another point of this study is that we tried to clarify the terminology for e-catalogue. Often textile traders and apparel manufacturers understand a same information with difference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2001

The Integration Host factor (IHF) of Escherichia coli is a small, basic protein that is required for a variety of functions including site-specific recombination, transposition, gene regulation, plasmid replication, and DNA packaging. It ,is composed of two subunits that are encoded by the ihfA ($\alpha$-subunit) and ihjB ($\beta$-subunit) genes. IHF binding sites are composed of three elements called the WATCAR, TTG, and poly (dAT) elements. We have characterized IHF binding to the H site of bacteriophage λ. We have isolated suppressors that bind to altered H' sites using a challenge phage selection. Two different suppressors were isolated that changed the adjacent $\alpha$P64 and $\alpha$K65 residues. The suppressors recognized both the wild-type site and a site with a change in the WATCAR element. Three suppressors were isolated at $\beta$-E44. These suppressors bound the wild-type and a mutant site with a T：A to A：T change (H44A) in the middle of the TIR element. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to make several additional changes at $\beta$E44. The wild-type and $\beta$E44D mutant could not bind the wild-type site but were able to bind the H44A mutant site. Other mutants with neutral, polar, or a positive charge at $\beta$E44 were able to repress both the wild-type and H44A sites. Examination of the IHF crystal structure suggests that the ability of the wild-type and $\beta$E44D proteins to discriminate between the T：A and A：T basepairs is due to indirect interactions. The $\beta$-E44 residue does not contact the DNA directly. It imposes binding specificity indirectly by interactions with residues that contact the DNA. Details of the proposed interactions are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.15 no.E
• /
• pp.39-43
• /
• 1999

To help idntify the potential sources of volatile organic sulfur compounds within the continental environment, we have conducted preliminary measurements of dimethylsulfide(DMS) during field campains held from three reference sites. These sampling sites were located within a waste reclamation facility in Won Ju City, Kang Won Province. The results of our measurements showed that DMS levels spanned over 1 to 55 pptv with a mean and 1 standard deviation(1SD) of 12 and 18 pptv(N=13). In a comparison of the data derived from the strongest sources, i.e., oceanic environment, the DMS levels in thre reclamation facility were jpronouncingly low with high day-to-night concentration ratios. It was noted that a significant difference in DMS levels between daytime and nighttime periods was mainly driven by a few exceptional data measured during daytime. Despite limitations of our measurement data in deriving meaningful interpretations of spatiotemporal distributions of DMS in inland facilities, the existence of extraordinary trends, i.e., especially "lower-than-expectedL" DMS values, can be explained in terms of mixed effects of several factors. Most importantly, we can infer that the rates of DMS production and of its destruction in the study site are at or near steady-state condition. Another possibility is that DMS is not adequate enough to explain the generally malordorous environment of reclamation sites, of particular in Won Ju area.n Ju area.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.693-703
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush in plaque removal and reduction of gingivitis from hard-to-reach sites of the moderate periodontitis compared to regular manual toothbrush in 12 week follow-up. 82 subjects with incipient to moderate periodontitis were randomly assigned to use either the manual or sonic brush, instructed in its use, and asked to brush 2 times a day for 2 minutes. Plaque scores were taken at baseline, 1, 4, 12 weeks using Silness & $L\ddot{o}e$ plaque index and gingival inflammation was assessed by the $L\ddot{o}e$ & Silness gingival index. The results were as follows. 1. The Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush showed a significant reduction(p<0.0001) of the plaque(Silness & $L\ddot{o}e$) and gingival inflammation(Loe & Silness). 2. The Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush showed a significant better reduction of plaque and gingivitis(p<0.05) than the manual toothbrush after 1, 4, and 12 weeks. 3. The Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush demonstrated a significant reduction(p<0.0001) of the plaque in interproximal sites(p<0.0001), buccal sites(p<0.0001) and the lingual sites(p=0.00l8) of the teeth. 4. The Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush demonstrated a significant reduction(p<0.0001) of the gingival inflammation in the interproximal sites(p<0.0001), the buccal sites(p<0.0001) and the lingual sites(p<0.0001) of the teeth. The results of this study support the findings that Sonicare $Elite^{(R)}$ power toothbrush has a great potential to remove the plaque and resolve the gingival inflammation during the period of 12 week.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2005

In this paper we evaluate the Korean e-government portal and linked web sites, based on usability. We pick a set of 18 representative government sites, and consider two approaches of type-I and type-II testing with different questionnaires. We ask users two questions at each site, regarding simple facts. We count a task as successful if the user find the right answer for fact questions. In type-I testing, after users have finished working with a site, we give them a post-test questionnaire asking them to rate the site in 16 different areas, in order to calculate the site rating. In type-II testing, we investigate page design, contents design, and site design of the web sites.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.743-749
• /
• 1997

Local structure refinement of the BaFe1-xSnxO3-y system (x=0.00-0.50) has been carried out with Fe K-edge x-ray absorpion spectroscopic studies. It is found out that the Fe ions are placed in two different symmetric sites such as tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the compounds by comparison with Fe K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectrum of the γ-Fe2O3 compound as a reference. Small absorption peaks of dipole-forbiden transitions appear at a pre-edge region of 7111 eV due to the existence of Fe ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The peak intensity decreases with the substitution amount of Sn ion. Three different absorption peaks of 1s→4p dipole-allowed transition appear on the energy region between 7123 and 7131 eV. The peaks correspond to 1s→4p main transition of Fe ions in tetrahedral and octahedral sites and 1s→4p transition followed by the shakedown process of ligand to metal charge transfer. The bond distances between Fe ions in the tetrahedral site and nearest neighboring oxygen atom (Fe-4O), and those in octahedral site (Fe-6O) are determined with the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. Two different interatomic distances increase with the substitution amount of Sn ion and also the bond lengths of Fe-4O are shorter than those of Fe-6O in all compounds.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 1985

Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis 4Q1 contains 8 different covalently closed-circular (CCC) plasmids of molecular weight 204, 267, 109, 103, 16, 7.6, 6.4, and 5.0kb. The three smallest plasmids, designated pBti6, and pBti8 may prove to be useful as cloning vectors because of thier size and ease of isolation. The three plasmids were incubated separately with 9 different restriction enzymes and 7 of the enzymes tested cleaved one or more of the plasmids. Plasmid pBti6 has a single site for Bg1 II, Pst I and Pvu II, two sites for Bc1 I and Eco RI, and five sites for Hind III. Plasmid pBti7 has a single site for Bam HI and Pst I, two sites for Hind III, and three sites for PvuII. Plasmic pBti8 has a single site for Bam HI, BelI and Hind III, two sites for Eco RI, and three sites for Bgl II and Pvu II. Composite restriction enzyme maps for pBti6, pBti7 and pBti8 were constructed. The sites of restriction enzyme cleavage were determined by single, double and partial digests of the plasmid DNA. All the restriction sites were aligned relative to the single Bgl II(pBti6), Pst I(pBti7) or Hind III(pBti8) site, respectively.