• 기업가정신과 벤처연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2017

온라인 및 무선 통신은 콘텐츠 산업 시장을 획기적으로 변화시켰다. 유통 채널이 서점에서 스마트 플랫폼으로 이동함에 따라 거래가 즉각적으로 이루어져 제작자에게 새로운 크고 작은 기회가 제공되었다. 그러나 그러한 기회는 산업 생태계의 불균형을 초래한다. 창의적 중소기업의 성장이 중요한 콘텐츠 산업 특성상, 산업의 건전성과 다양성을 보장하기 위해서는 콘텐츠 저작권에 관한 공정거래 규칙이 필요하다. 하지만 산업의 몇몇 구조적 특성이 이러한 규칙의 시행을 어렵게 한다. 첫째, 콘텐츠 업계는 주요 출판사들처럼 다수의 중소 판매업자들로 이루어져 있다. 둘째, 구글과 같은 플랫폼 회사 등 최종 판매자들은 독점적 지위를 보유하고 있다. 셋째, 콘텐츠에 대한 경제적 가치 평가도 어렵다. 기업 인수의 측면에서 보면, 저작권 거래는 (1) 라이선스(권리위임) 모델, (2) 원시취득 모델, (3) 수요독점 모델로 분류가 가능하다. 이 연구는 출판업계에서의 주요 법령과 각 모델 별 적용 방식에 대해 알아본다. 한국과 미국의 법령, 판례분석, 공정거래위원회(FTC)의 심결들을 분석하여 저작권 거래의 공정성/불공정성 평가 기준을 제시한다. 나아가 이 연구는 콘텐츠 저작권의 공정한 거래를 제고하기 위하여 콘텐츠 산업의 일반적 관행을 개선하기 위한 가이드라인을 제시함으로써 출판산업 생태계가 발전하기를 기대하는 바이다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2012

본 연구는 3대 대형마트(이마트, 홈플러스 및 롯데마트)의 점포이미지 구성요인이 쇼핑가치 및 쇼핑만족에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 점포이미지 구성요인으로 점포분위기, 판매원서비스, 부대시설, 제품구색 및 점포입지를 포함하였고, 쇼핑가치로는 실용적 쇼핑가치 및 쾌락적 쇼핑가치 등을 포함하였다. 자료는 지방에 위치한 세 점포를 이용하는 쇼핑객 114명을 대상으로 'mall-intercept' 방법에 의해 수집한 다음, SmartPLS 2.0에 의해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 판매원서비스 및 점포입지가 실용적 쇼핑가치에 영향을 주고, 점포분위기, 판매원서비스 및 점포입지가 쾌락적 쇼핑가치에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 쇼핑가치들은 모두 쇼핑만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 두 쇼핑가치 가운데 쾌락적 쇼핑가치가 쇼핑만족에 더 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 지각된 혼잡이 쇼핑가치와 쇼핑만족 간의 관계에 대해 조절역할을 하는지 분석하였다. 분석결과, 쇼핑가치와 쇼핑만족 간의 관계에서 지각된 혼잡이 조절역할을 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 쇼핑가치와 쇼핑만족 간의 관계에서 지각된 혼잡의 정도에 따라 이들 관계의 크기가 크게 변하지 않음을 의미한다. 지각된 혼잡의 조절역할 외에, 지각된 혼잡이 쇼핑만족에 직접영향을 줄 것으로 가정하고 이를 WarpPLS 3.0에 의해 분석한 결과, 두 변수 간에는 비선형 관계(non-linear)가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 즉 점포혼잡을 크게 지각할수록 쇼핑만족은 더 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 기존의 연구와 다른 차별점은 이들 간의 관계에서 지각된 혼잡의 역할을 중점적으로 분석하였다는 점이다. 본 연구는 점포이미지가 쇼핑만족에 미치는 직접효과도 분석하였다. 즉 소비자가 지각하는 점포에 대한 이미지가 쇼핑가치를 매개하지 않고 쇼핑만족에 직접 영향을 주는가를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 점포분위기와 판매원서비스가 쇼핑만족에 직접 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 실무적 시사점, 연구의 한계 및 향후의 연구방향 등에 대해 기술하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.301-314
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to introduce the overall progress of exposure assessment to humidifier disinfectant (HD); to present participants' demographic characteristics, exposure characteristics to humidifier disinfectant, and exposure classification; and furthermore to compare those characteristics between survivors and non-survivors. Methods: An assessment of environmental exposure to HD was conducted using modified HD-specific questionnaires that had been previously validated. We analyzed the data from 4,482 participants who had been potentially exposed to HD and had registered with the KEITI (Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute) from September 2016 to May 2018 (the fourth survey). Environmental exposure assessments were performed as follows: 1) contact with participants, 2) environmental exposure assessment though face-to-face interviews, 3) assessment review and coding, and 4) exposure rating. Results: Overall, survivors made up 77.1% (3,457 subjects) and non-survivors made up 22.9% (1,025 subjects). When compared with the survivors, non-survivors had a higher proportion of subjects aged >60 years and subjects who answered as suffering lung damage and having purchased HD because it is "Beneficial to health" (p<0.05). For the exposure characteristics compared to survivors, non-survivors had a higher proportion of cases of distance from humidifier to face being less that one meter and the spray direction being toward the face (p<0.05). Overall, respondents who used the "Oxy Ssak Ssak New Gaseupgi Dangbun", "Aekyung Gaseupgi Mate", "Homeplus Gaseupgi Chungjungje", and "E-Mart Gaseupgi Salgyunje" products made up 66.1, 12.3, 4.0, and 3.6%, respectively, and 72.5% of respondents used products with PHMG as the active chemical. When compared with survivors, non-survivors had a higher proportion of use of "Oxy Ssak Ssak New Gaseupgi Dangbun" but a lower proportion of use of products with CMIT/MIT, PGH, or PHMG as the active chemical. Conclusions: This study provided demographic characteristics and exposure assessment for applicants who have been injured by HD. In spite of the limitations of performing past exposure assessment through a questionnaire survey, such as recall bias, useful results may be obtained by comparing survivors with non-survivors. Further studies such as the exposure rating method and so on are necessary to assess past exposure to HD.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.135-135
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• 2017

The Gramene database (http://www.gramene.org) is a powerful online resource for agricultural researchers, plant breeders and educators that provides easy access to reference data, visualizations and analytical tools for conducting cross-species comparisons. Learn the benefits of using Gramene to enrich your lectures, accelerate your research goals, and respond to your organismal community needs. Gramene's genomes portal hosts browsers for 44 complete reference genomes, including crops and model organisms, each displaying functional annotations, gene-trees with orthologous and paralogous gene classification, and whole-genome alignments. SNP and structural diversity data, available for 11 species, are displayed in the context of gene annotation, protein domains and functional consequences on transcript structure (e.g., missense variant). Browsers from multiple species can be viewed simultaneously with links to community-driven organismal databases. Thus, while hosting the underlying data for comparative studies, the portal also provides unified access to diverse plant community resources, and the ability for communities to upload and display private data sets in multiple standard formats. Our BioMart data mining interface enable complex queries and bulk download of sequence, annotation, homology and variation data. Gramene's pathway portal, the Plant Reactome, hosts over 240 pathways curated in rice and inferred in 66 additional plant species by orthology projection. Users may compare pathways across species, query and visualize curated expression data from EMBL-EBI's Expression Atlas in the context of pathways, analyze genome-scale expression data, and conduct pathway enrichment analysis. Our integrated search database and modern user interface leverage these diverse annotations to facilitate finding genes through selecting auto-suggested filters with interactive views of the results.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.25-56
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• 2011

본 연구는 B to C 거래이지만, B to B 거래의 특징을 갖는 할인점과 고객간의 거래를 연구대상으로 하고 있다. 할인점과 고객간의 거래를 고객만족의 관점이 아니라 고객관계의 관점으로 보는 것이 본 연구의 주요 특징이다. 고객관계의 선행변수를 소매마케팅믹스로 한정한 것 또한 특징이며(기존의 관계마케팅모델과 다름), 결과변수로 행동의도와 실제행동(지갑점유율) 두 변수 모두를 사용한 것도 본 연구의 특징이다. 연구목적을 검증하기 위해 13개 가설을 설정하여 이 중 10개 가설이 지지되었으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소매마케팅믹스 중에서 커뮤니케이션이 고객관계에 미치는 영향이 지지되지 않았다. 이것은 고객관계에 대한 일반모델의 결과와는 다르다. 소매업의 경우 일상적으로 반복구매가 이루어지기 때문에 커뮤니케이션의 중요성이 약할 수도 있는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 둘째, 가치프로세스인 가치의 창조(제품구색, 가격, 점포디자인), 소통(커뮤니케이션), 제공(고객서비스, 애호도 프로그램)에서 제공이 고객관계에 미치는 영향이 가장 크다는 점이 기존연구와 다른 점이다. 기존 연구는 창조가 가장 중요한 것으로 보고 있다. 셋째, 고객관계가 행동의도와 실제행동(지갑점유율)에 미치는 영향이 입증되었다. 끝으로, 흥미로운 사실은 반복쇼핑의도 및 고객추천의도와 실제행동인 지갑점유율의 관계가 지지되지 않은 점이다. 이는 행동의도를 지금까지 중요한 결과변수로 사용하는 것은 비판적으로 검토해볼 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

Purpose - The cosmetics industry is a traditional high value-added industry in terms of the domestic demand, small batch production systems, exclusive competition, and raw materials highly dependent on overseas countries as well as an oligopolistic market structure. However, new foreign brands and growing consumer awareness of inexpensive products, has triggered a shift. In line with changing lifestyles and the polarization of consumption, the industry faces a new market structure. Among its key characteristics is the cosmetics industry's numerous distribution channels (i.e., department stores, door-to-door sales, online shopping malls, brand shops, and discount stores). Therefore, the study of its distribution channels is essential. Research design, data, and methodology - The study analyzed channel distribution power divided into coercive and non-coercive power. The factors of coercive power included: unilateral request of an increase in commissions, interference in sales by taking advantage of a superior status, unilateral buck-passing at the time of a problem, unilateral request to stop sales activities, and a unilateral business contract; the factors of non-coercive power included favorable payment conditions, offers of various kinds of information, policy on commission reduction, pride in market entrance, and promotion support. In addition, the mediating variable "interdependence" was applied to the execution of department store (or mart) power and their shop conflicts and satisfaction to examine direct and indirect influential power. The methodology was a survey of managers of cosmetics shops in department stores (or marts). The questionnaire, based on a five-point Likert scale, included questions about basic personal information, execution of power, interdependence, conflict, and satisfaction. The study distributed 198 questionnaires and collected 131. Ten questionnaires with missing or hard to analyze data were excluded. Thus, 121 copies were analyzed. Results - According to the analysis, the execution of coercive power by department stores (or marts) did not affect interdependence, but the execution of non-coercive power did. Interdependence did not influence conflict, but did affect satisfaction. Additionally, the analysis revealed direct influential power: the execution of coercive power positively affected conflict and negatively influenced satisfaction; the execution of non-coercive power positively affected satisfaction. Conclusions - To offer suggestions for distribution business relations in the cosmetics industry, this study investigated how the execution of power by department stores (or marts) affected their shops. More specifically, it examined how much the execution of both coercive power and non-coercive power influenced conflict and satisfaction, and analyzed the mediating role of interdependence. In line with previous study results in various areas, coercive power was shown to be the source of conflict, leading to a decrease in satisfaction, whereas non-coercive power significantly positively influenced satisfaction. Moreover, non-coercive power increased interdependence, which led to greater satisfaction. As a result, interdependence had a mediating effect on non-coercive power and satisfaction. Based on the results, department stores (or marts) should look for improvements plans that increase interdependence. Such plans could alleviate conflict with the shops, increasing their satisfaction.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.370-380
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• 2019

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the distribution of individual exposure characteristics according to an exposure assessment classification for humidifier disinfectant and to identify the factors that influence assessment classification. Methods: We examined the exposure characteristics of 4,482 subjects who applied for the 4-1 and 4-2 assessments of environmental exposure to humidifier disinfectant conducted by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI). Environmental exposure assessment classification was assessed using the following seven criteria: 1) Distance from humidifier to face; 2) Spray direction; 3) Time used, daytime 4) Time used, during sleep; 5) Time used, cumulative; 6) Exposure intensity; and 7) Cumulative exposure level. Each criteria was then classified as 'high' or low'. When participants answered for more than four criteria, exposure assessment was determined as 'definite,' 'probable,' or 'possible' depending on the ratio of 'high' responses. If participants' responses were inconsistent, exposure assessment was listed as 'unlikely.' If participants answered for less than four criteria, exposure assessment was considered 'indeterminate.' Results: For the exposure assessment classes, definite was assigned to 38.5% (1,725 subjects), probable assigned to 32.9% (1,474 subjects), 25.0% (1,122 subjects) were assigned to as possible, unlikely assigned to 0.1% (3 subjects), and indeterminate assigned to 3.5% (158 subjects). Overall, participants who used 'Oxy Ssakssak New Gaseupgi Dangbun,' 'Aekyung Gaseupgi Mate,' 'Homeplus Gaseupgi Chungjungje,' and 'E-Mart Gaseupgi Salgyunje' totaled 2,996, 557, 176, and 162 subjects, respectively. There was a statistical difference in the type of humidifier disinfectant products between high-exposed and low-exposed participants. Based on the assessment criteria of humidifier disinfectant exposure, subjects were likely to be in the highly exposed classes (definite and probable) when the subjects were exposed 1) for more than ten hours per day and 2) for more than four hours at night 3) when the total cumulative exposure time was higher than the average, 4) when the direction of humidifier spray was toward the face, 5) when the respiratory position was less than 1 meter of distance from the humidifier, 6) when the concentration of indoor contaminants (ug/m3) was higher than the average exposure intensity, and 7) when overall exposure level ($ug/m3^*hr$) was higher than the average exposure level. Conclusion: This study suggests that each exposure assessment criteria was able to appropriately estimate cumulative exposure levels.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2010

국내 대형마트 점포 수는 2008년 기준 403개로 포화시점에 근접하고 있다. 이러한 경쟁상황에서 '점포충성도(store loyalty)'가 지속적 경쟁우위를 위한 전략적 도구로써 그 활용성이 점점 더 중요시 되고 있다. 다양한 관점에서 점포충성도를 대형마트 연구의 핵심적 과제 다루어왔으나, 통합적인 연구 접근 방법이 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 통합적 관점에서 점포충성도가 형성되는 두 가지 경로를 제안하였다. 이중경로모형은 첫째, 내재적 경로 '서비스품질$\rightarrow$고객만족$\rightarrow$점포충성도', 둘째, 외재적 경로 '점포개성$\rightarrow$점포동일시$\rightarrow$점포 충성도'로 구성된다. 조사대상은 대형마트를 이용하는 소비자들을 대상으로 진행하였으며, 구조방정식모형 분석을 통하여 제안된 이중경로모형의 적합성 및 가설검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 모형의 적합지수들은 상당히 좋은 값들을 보여주고 있다. 또한 본 연구에서 새롭게 제시된 내재적 경로인 서비스품질은 고객만족에 정의 영향을 미치고, 고객만족은 결과변수인 대형마트의 점포충성도에 매우 유의하게 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 외재적 경로에서 대형마트의 점포개성은 점포동일시에 긍정적인 영향을 주고 매개변수인 점포개성은 점포충성도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 대형마트의 점포충성도 형성에 관한 두 가지 경로를 제시함으로써, 이론적, 관리적 시사점을 도출하였고 연구의 한계점과 미래연구방향을 제시하였다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

The retail business of drugstore was introduced to Korea for the first time 10 years ago. Since Olive Young introduced a retail store in the name of drugstore in 1999 for the first time in Korea, new distribution channel combining drugstore, cosmetic products and dairy products, etc has been made. At initial stage, the new distribution channel grew up slowly because of low specialty and economic stagnation. However, the three big distribution channels, that is to say, Olive Young (CJ), Watsons (GS) and W Store (Kolon Well Care), etc, were established to produce new distribution system following large-scaled discount stores as well as convenience stores. The purpose of the study is to investigate ways making Korean style drugstore be new retail business in addition to traditional markets, department stores, E-Mart and other general super markets and to examine problems preventing the drugstore from being promoted and to find out solutions. The speciality retailers that is called a category killer attacking department stores as well as marts is expanding market quickly. New consumption trend that gives priority to wellbeing is being expanded in accordance with high level of standards of living life: The drugstore is thought to be new alternative of distribution because it keeps special products. Young ladies who are main customers of drugstores respond to the trend sensitively to have more buying power that is thought to be promising. And, consumers' desire has become concrete and special. This is because consumers want not only convenient shopping but also special shopping system that is current trend. These days, so called Multi-shop and Total shop and other special shops have been recently opened. Special multi-shop has been concentrated on fashion product and miscellaneous goods so far: Health total wellbeing shop shall be popular in accordance with wellbeing trends. Drugstores can play an important role. Drugstores were opened for the first time ten years ago. In particular, Olive Young succeeded in going into the black after making efforts for a long time by many persons. Drugstores could succeed in the business owing to many persons in the past as well as customers who liked drugstores. However, drugstores once lost ways and recorded poor business results. The three drugstores, that is to say, Olive Young, Watsons making efforts to go into the black and W-Store pursuing traditional drugstore shall compete each other and make effort to satisfy customers' desire. In that way, the three drugstores can be assured of present business as well as future business. The consumers' demand trend has become special at sub-division so that drugstores that can satisfy the demand can succeed in the business. Large businesses may be more interested in the 4th generation retail business to produce good income and to have bright future. Drugstore business and market are likely to expand and develop owing to large business' participation in drugstore business. Drugstores expanded shop at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do until middle of 2000. Drugstore business at station sphere in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do that have high ratio of temporary population has low customer loyalty to have limitation on continuous growth. Since 2009, drugstores have opened new shops at local towns: From the year of 2010, drugstores need to establish multiple shop strategy by accelerating business speed and to allow customers to drop in the shop anywhere in the nation and to enter consumers' life deeply, so that they can strengthen business base definitely. Drugstores need to have price competitiveness to have multiple shop opening strategy and to satisfy consumers and to supply high quality services that is future subject to solve. And, Olive Young and Watsons that are Korean style drugstore need to keep system in order and to strengthen substance as Korean style drugstore and to expand marketing, so that they can get business outcome within 5 years that was done 10 years before and they become the 4th generation retail business. The study had difficulties at collecting material from the three drugstore because of poor cooperation. And, the author had great difficulty at collecting statistical material that was made in disorder. Further effort is needed considering such problems.