• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2003년도 제31차 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.15-23
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• 2003

식품으로 인한 질병은 개인의 생명을 위협할 뿐 아니라 건전한 노동력의 상실로 생산성을 감소시키고 의료비를 증가시켜 개인의 행복 및 국가 경제에 부담을 준다 (Buzby et al. 1996, Mead et at. 2000). HACCP와 여러 식품안전에 관한 규제의 시행 등의 많은 노력에도 불구하고 Salmonella serotypes, Staphylococcus aureus, Camplobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus와 같은 식품기원 병원성 세균으로 인한 질병은 줄어들고 있지 않다. 오히려 외식 위주로 변해가는 생활습관은 식품을 통한 이들 병원성 세균의 전파가능성을 증가시키고 있다. 게다가 새로운 병원성균 (Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli 0157:H7, Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp.) 의 출현 또는 특정 식품과 연관되어 나타나는 특정 subtype (Salmonella serotype Enteritidis) 의 출현은 이제까지 통용되어왔던 식품기원 세균을 위한 제어프로그램과는 다른 각도로 재원을 활용해야 할 동기를 부여하고 있다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-159
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• 1982

A polyvalent live Escherochia coli oral vaccine were prepared by the use of 5 field isolates of enteropathogenic E. coli, serotypes 08 : K87, K88a, b ; 0138 : K81, K88a, c ; 0141 : K85a, b, K88a, b ; 0149 : K91, K88a, c and 0157 : K'V17', K88a, c. Some field experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the polyvalent live E. coli oral vaccine in the prevention of neonatal colibacillosis in piglets suckling orally vaccinated sows. Seventy-nine pregnant sows in an intensive pig farm were vaccinated with oral vaccine 4 weeks prior to farrowing and 19 sows were chosen for control. The piglets suckling vaccinated sows showed a significant protection against neonatal enteric colibacillosis during the 2 weeks observation period from the farrowing but no significant differences in protection between vaccinated and control group were observed with piglets older than 15 days.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-153
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• 1996

Porcine E coli infection is a disease caused by Enterotoxin produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC). Enteric colibacillosis has become an economically important disease in pigs as a result of increasing intensification of farrowing management. The present study undertaken to obtain the antibiotic sensitivity and distribution of serogroups and pili producibility test of ETEC from E. coli isolates in Chonnam. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A total of 71 isolates identified as E, coli employing IMViC system from rectal specimens of 54 piglets with diarrhea. 2. In antibiotic sensitivity test, isolates showed high sensitivity to AN, CM, Fox, GM, but resistance to EM, NA TC. 3. The distribution of 25 Isolates of serogroups were 0141:K85(11.3%), 08:K87(8.5%), 064:K (5.6%), 0138:K8l (4.2%), 0139 :K82(2.8%), 0157:K88ac(1.4%) and 0149:K9l (1.4%). 4. MRHA of guinea pig erythrocytes was detected in 8 out of 25OK serotypes and 9 out of 46 unidentified serotypes. MRHA titers of serotypes showed from 64 to 128 in 0141: K85, 2 in 0138:K8l and no titers in 0139:K82. 5. The production of heat labile enterotoxin of ETEC was detect 39 out of 52 isolates showed $\beta$-hemolysin, 7 out of 52 isolates showed ${\gamma}$-hemolysin and 6 out of 52 isolates showed ${\gamma}$-hemolysin by $GM_1$ganglioside ELISA. The distribution of LT toxin were in 12 isolate showed $\beta$-hemolysin, 2 isolates showed ${\alpha}$-hemolysin and 3 isolates showed ${\gamma}$-hemolysin in 25 OK serotypes.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2002

This survey was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality and to detect of pathogenic microorganisms on the surface of slaughtered beef and pork products in two abattoirs located in Seoul from January 2001 through December 2001. Two hundred and twenty-five beef and 215 hog were surveyed for microbiological quality and 630 beef and 625 hog were detected for pathogenic microorgainsms. 1. The prevalence level on number of standard plate count(SPC) less than $10^4$cfu/$cm^2$in beef and hog were 89.8% and 90.7%, respectively. 2. Escherichia coli less than $10^2$cfu/$cm^2$ in beef and less than $10^3$cfu/$cm^2$ in hog were 98.2% and 99% 3. E coli 0157:H7 was recovered from 2 beef carcasses(0.32%), and Staphylococcus aureus from 12 pork carcasses(1.90%), Listeria monocytogenes from 1 beef and 4 pork carcasses (0.15%, 0.64%) and clostridium perfringens from 14 beef and 11 pork carcasses(2.22%, 1.76%), respectively.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권8호통권88호
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• pp.1121-1128
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• 2007

초피나무(Z. piperitum) 열매는 다양한 생리활성을 갖고 있으며, 과피 용매추출물은 세균에 대한 강한 항균활성을 갖고 있어, 간장과 된장제조에 초피를 첨가하여 생리활성효과를 조사하였다. 초피를 간장제조에 1%, 2%, 4% 첨가하여 제조하고, 간장추출물을 식중독균(Sta. aureus, Sal. typhimurium, V. parahemolyticus, E. coli 0157:H7)에 대한 항균활성을 조사했다. 초피를 2% 첨가한 간장은 E. coli 0157:H7과 V. parahemolyticuS 의 생육을 각각 70%와 50% 억제했으며, Sal. typhimurium 과 Sta. aureus 에 대한 항균효과는 농도와 간장제조시기에 따라 40% ${\sim}$ 60% 의 생육을 억제했다. 초피된장의 용매추출물에서는 약한 항균활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 초피간장의 추출물을 백혈병세포 U-937에 처리하여 caspase-3 활성으로 항암활성을 조사했다. 그 결과 초피의 량을 1%, 2%, 4% 첨가한 간장의 추출물은 초피를 침가하지 않은 간장보다 caspase-3 활성이 각각 4배, 12배, 15배 활성이 증가하는 것이 확인되어졌다. 이는 초피간장의 추출물이 apoptosis를 유도하는 것을 의미하며, 된장의 용매추출물은 caspase-3 활성에 아무런 영향이 없었다. 초피간장 추출물을 처리한 세포의 죽음이 necrosis인지 apoptosis인지 알아보기 위하여 세포내의 DNA fragmentation을 확인한 결과, 초피간장 추출물을 처리한 세포는 DNA 단편화가 형성되어졌다. 초피틀 1% 첨가한 것에서는 fragmentation을 확인하기 힘들었고, 2%와 4%초피를 첨가한 간장추출물은 DNA fragmentation을 강하게 일으켰다. 초피를 첨가한 간장추출물이 caspase를 활성화시키고, DNA fragmentation을 일으키는 apoptosis 기작에 의해 암세포를 죽음으로 유도하는 초피간장의 항암효과를 입증했다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2006

Shiga toxin (stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes various clinical signs in animal and human. In this study, 255 fecal samples from calves showing diarrhea were collected from cattle farms in Chonnam province during the period from January 2005 to July 2005. Twenty six STEC (10%) were isolated from 255 fecal samples by PCR. The isolates displayed three different stx combinations (stx1 [69%], stx1 and stx2 [15%], and stx2 [38%]). The isolates were further studied for virulence associated genes and antimicrobial resistance to define the virulence properties. Intimin (eaeA), enterohemolysin (hlyA), and lipopolysaccharide (rfbE) virulence genes were detected in 6 (23%), 7 (26%), and 1 (3.8%) of the isolates, respectively, by PCR. One isolate possessing rfbE gene was typed as E. coli 0157 : H7 by agglutination test with O and H antisera. All 26 isolates showed susceptibility to amikacin (100%) and the majority of isolates showed high susceptibility to gentamicin (88.5%) and chloramphenicol (73.1%). But all isolates were resistant to penicillin. These results may provide the basic knowledge to establish strategies for the treatment and prevention of enteric disease in calves.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2000

The inhibitory effect of various organic acids on the growth and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in tryptic soy broth with 0.6% yeast extract at 37$^{\circ}C$ or 4$^{\circ}C$ was determined. Minimal inhibitory pHs of acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, hydrochloric acid and lactic acid were 5.0, 4.0, 4.5, 4.0 and 4.5, respectively. Acetic acid (0.012 m) showed the strongest antimicrobial activity, based on the pH values or equivalent molar concentrations, followed by lactic acid (0.0006 M), fumaric acid (0.004M) and citirc acid (0.004 M), respectively, E. coli O157:H7 with an initial inoculum of {TEX}$10^{7}${/TEX} CFU/ml and {TEX}$10^{5}{/TEX} CFU/ml in tryptic soy broth supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract, acidified to target pH with citric, fumaric and lactic acids at 37$^{\circ}C$, was completely inactivated after 7 d and 5 d incubation, respectively, except for the acetic acid (9 d). The bactericidal effect decreased at the same pH when the incubation temperature a was reduced from 37$^{\circ}C$ to 4$^{\circ}C$. The pH values of 0.2% acetic (pH 5.1), 0.6% citric (pH 4.2) and 0.4% lactic acid (pH 4.3) in TSBYE were almost correspondent to the minimal inhibitory pH values on E. coli O157:H7 of acetic (pH 4.0), citric (pH 4.0) and lactic acids (pH 4.5).

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.647-658
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• 2003

Foodservice at elementary schools has been provided nation-wide. It is predictable that foodborne diseases would increase continuously. Formation of a counterplan is urgently needed. This study was designed to identify the stage which contains the critical control points (CCPs) for the microbiological management of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) at the foodservice provided at elementary schools. Foodservice places at four elementary schools in Seoul were sampled and the overall hygiene of cooking, utensils and equipment, employees, and environment by season were examined. The results showed that the number of bacteria in overall samples was increased and that E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus by biochemical test emerged in more diverse samples in summer than in spring. Particularly, the number of aerial bacteria in summer was three-fold greater than that in either spring or winter. E. coli 0157 was not detected, although Salmonella was identified by PCR analysis in the meat knives, chopping boards, waste bins and meat dish at elementary school foodservice. According to this data, cross-contamination should be managed in the stage of mixing up the ingredients with improper equipments and insanitary treatments. Thus, the establishment of SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures) and GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) at elementary school foodservice is stringently required, along with sanitation education for workers and employees as CCPs.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2000

분자량이 상이한 세 종류의 키토산의 항균활성을 E. coli O157 : H7, S. aureus 및 C. albicans 균주를 이용하여 측정, 분석하였다. E. coli O157 : H7와 S. aureus에 대해서는 분자량 10,000인 키토산이 가장 강한 항균활성을 보였으며 C. albicans에 대해서는 6량체의 키토산 올리고당이 가장 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 키토산 첨가농도는 E. coil O157 : H7와 S. aureus의 경우 0.1 mg/mL의 농도에서, C. albicans의 경우는 chitohexaose 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 항균활성이 가장 높았다. 모든 키토산 처리구에서 미생물 사멸 속도는 키토산 처리 1시간 이내에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 그 이후로는 점차 낮은 속도를 보였다. 사멸되었거나 파손된 미생물 세포로부터 유래되는 단백질, 핵산물질 및 $Ca^{2+}$ 량은 키토산 처리 시간 이내에 가장 많았으며 ${\beta}-galactosidase$ 활성도 같은 시간대에서 가장 빠른 속도로 중대되는 것으로 나타났다. S. aureus에 대한 세포막 손상 정도를 측정하여 본 결과 전체 미생물균체중 약 10%에 상당하는 균수가 막손상을 가져 왔다. 따라서, 키토산은 고유의 양이온성 성질을 이용하여 미생물의 세포벽과 세포막에 결합하여 그 결과로 세포 내 물질의 세포 외로의 유출내지는 세포막 대사의 저해 등의 효과를 나타냄으로써 항균활성을 나타내는 것으로 추측되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.513-521
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• 2017

Infectious diarrhea is endemic in most developing countries. We aimed to investigate the protozoan, viral, and bacterial causes of acute diarrhea in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional prospective 1-year study was conducted on 163 diarrheal patients of various ages. Stool samples were collected, 1 per patient, and tested for 3 protozoa, 3 viruses, and 9 bacteria with the Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel. Overall, 53.4% (87/163) of samples were positives (20.8% protozoa, 19.6% viruses, 2.8% bacteria, and 9.8% mixed). Rotavirus (19.6%), Giardia duodenalis (16.5%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (8.5%) were the mostly detected pathogens. Adenovirus 40/41 (4.2%), Salmonella (3%), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (3%), and Entamoeba histolytica (2.4%) were also detected. Norovirus GI/II, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Clostridium difficile toxin A/B were not detected in any patients. All pathogens were involved in coinfections except E. histolytica. Giardia (5.5%) and rotavirus (3%) were the most commonly detected in co-infections. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (2.4%), Campylobacter spp. (2.4%), E. coli 0157 (1.8%), and Shigella spp. (1.2%) were detected in patients only as co-infections. Infections were more in children 0-4 years, less in adults <40 years, and least >40 years, with statistically significant differences in risk across age groups observed with rotavirus (P<0.001), Giardia (P=0.006), and Cryptosporidium (P=0.036) infections. Lastly, infections were not significantly more in the spring. This report demonstrates the high burden of various enteropathogens in the setting. Further studies are needed to define the impact of these findings on the clinical course of the disease.