• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.255-260
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• 1994

Calving records of 107 heifers from two breed groups were used to identify the major factors contributing to calving difficulty (dystocia) and compare the influence of pelvic diameters, weight and height of heifers measured after breeding and before calving on dystocia. The horizontal and vertical pelvic diameters, hip height and weight of heifers were measured two months after breeding and again two months before calving. Snell transformed calving difficulty scores (0 = normal to 100 = surgical intervention) were used in analyzing the data by analysis of covariance. Body condition score of the heifer, sire birth weight of the calf, birth weight of the calf, and ratio of calf birth weight to pelvic area all had significant effects on dystocia. Calf birth weight, ratio of calf birth weight to pelvic area, and heifer's condition score were especially important. However, sex of calf did not have a significant influence on dystocia. Generally, the variables measured before calving accounted for a higher proportion of variation in dystocia than those measured after breeding. Thus, based on the relative importance of the major factors affecting dystocia, it is suggested that selection of bulls with low birth weight for breeding on normal size heifers with optimum body condition score, and well developed pelvic opening, would be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of dystocia in beef heifers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.447-451
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• 2012

The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and consequent effect of dystocia on lactation performance in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. The data set consisted of 55,577 calving records on 30,879 Holstein cows in 30 dairy herds for the period March 2000 to April 2009. Factors affecting dystocia were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models through the maximum likelihood method in the GENMOD procedure. The effect of dystocia on lactation performance and factors affecting calf birth weight were analyzed using mixed linear model in the MIXED procedure. The average incidence of dystocia was 10.8% and the mean (SD) calf birth weight was 42.13 (5.42) kg. Primiparous cows had calves with lower body weight and were more likely to require assistance at parturition (p<0.05). Female calves had lower body weight, and had a lower odds ratio for dystocia than male calves (p<0.05). Twins had lower birth weight, and had a higher odds ratio for dystocia than singletons (p<0.05). Cows which gave birth to a calf with higher weight at birth experienced more calving difficulty (OR (95% CI) = 1.1(1.08-1.11). Total 305-d milk, fat and protein yield was 135 (23), 3.16 (0.80) and 6.52 (1.01) kg less, in cows that experienced dystocia at calving compared with those that did not (p<0.05).

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

This field study investigated the effects of dystocia on the postpartum complications, milk production, and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows. Calving difficulty was scored on a rank scale of 1 to 5. Cows with a calving score of three or higher were judged to have dystocia. The cows (n = 565) were categorized based on the presence (n = 61) or absence (n = 504, control) of dystocia. The incidence of retained placenta (45.9% vs. 16.3%), metritis (39.3% vs. 17.1%), endometritis (47.5% vs. 16.3%) and pyometra (9.8% vs. 1.2%) were greater in cows from the dystocia group than those from the control group (p < 0.0001); however, there was no difference in the incidence of metabolic disorders (32.8% vs. 31.0%) between the two groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of culling was higher in cows from the dystocia group (26.2%) than in those from the control group (14.5%, p < 0.05). During the 5-month postpartum period, milk production was lower (p < 0.05) in cows from the dystocia group than in those from the control group. Furthermore, the hazard of insemination by 150 days in milk (DIM) was lower in cows from the dystocia group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.64, p < 0.005) than in those from the control group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for the probability of pregnancy after the first artificial insemination was 0.36 times (p < 0.05) higher in cows from the dystocia group than in those from the control group. The hazard of pregnancy by 360 DIM was lower in cows from the dystocia group (HR = 0.45, p = 0.0001) than in those from the control group. In conclusion, dystocia resulted in increased postpartum complications, and decreased milk production and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows, leading to increased culling.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.366-369
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• 2020

Foaling is a process of giving birth to foal which is prompt and forceful event in equine breeding. Dystocia is declared when 2nd stage of parturition exceeds from 20 min without fetal movements in mare. Dystocia is very challenging situation for both mare and veterinarian. Survivability of mare and foal, and subsequent fertility of mare depends on efficient management. Therefore, the current report described a rare case of wry neck (torticollis or unilateral bent neck) resulted in dystocia, that was efficiently resolved by partial fetotomy and repulsion technique in mare under field conditions. Intensive post operative care was performed to avoid infection and to achieve fertility subsequently.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2024

Dystocia, a challenging condition in obstetrics, can arise from various causes, including fetal monsters with structural abnormalities. This case report presents a unique case of dystocia due to a fetal monster known as Perosomus Elumbis in a beetal breed goat from Pakistan. The 4-years-old pregnant doe presented with prolonged straining and failure to deliver the fetus after 8 hours of labor. Upon examination, the cervix was dilated, and only the forelimbs of the fetus were visible in the birth canal. The subsequent delivery involved the application of manual traction by using a dystocia kit, and the removal of edematous fluid from the legs. The monster fetus exhibited absence of hair growth, along with the absence of thoracic vertebrae. Two other fetuses were present, with one found dead and the other alive. Posttreatment involved fluid therapy, antibiotics, and supportive care for the doe. This case report sheds light on the occurrence of Perosomus Elumbis fetal monsters and their impact on dystocia in goat breeding. Understanding the underlying causes and implementing appropriate management strategies are crucial for successful outcomes in similar cases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1700-1713
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the usefulness of artificial neural networks (ANN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), naïve Bayes classifier (NBC), general discriminant analysis (GDA), and logistic regression (LR) for dystocia detection in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White heifers and cows and to indicate the most influential predictors of calving difficulty. Methods: A total of 1,342 and 1,699 calving records including six categorical and four continuous predictors were used. Calving category (difficult vs easy or difficult, moderate and easy) was the dependent variable. Results: The maximum sensitivity, specificity and accuracy achieved for heifers on the independent test set were 0.855 (for ANN), 0.969 (for NBC), and 0.813 (for GDA), respectively, whereas the values for cows were 0.600 (for ANN), 1.000 and 0.965 (for NBC, GDA, and LR), respectively. With the three categories of calving difficulty, the maximum overall accuracy for heifers and cows was 0.589 (for MARS) and 0.649 (for ANN), respectively. The most influential predictors for heifers were an average calving difficulty score for the dam's sire, calving age and the mean yield of the farm, where the heifer was kept, whereas for cows, these additionally included: calf sex, the difficulty of the preceding calving, and the mean daily milk yield for the preceding lactation. Conclusion: The potential application of the investigated models in dairy cattle farming requires, however, their further improvement in order to reduce the rate of dystocia misdiagnosis and to increase detection reliability.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2005

Objective : This clinical study investigated the effect of Yeosindan on dystocia caused by abnormal expulsive forces. Methods : Yeosindan was applied on the umbilicus of a primipara who had gone through latent phase for 15hrs and was almost expected to undergo C-sec by dystocia. It was sealed with an plaster. Yeosindan was removed immediately after the delivery. Results : 1. 90 minutes after Yeosindan had been applied on the umbilicus of the primipara, the active phase dilatation of uterus was started normally. 2. After 190 minutes from the Yeosindan application, the 2nd stage of labor was finished. 3. In this case, the delivery time, of which average is 344 minutes from the active phase to the second stage of labor, was reduced by 244 minutes. 4. So far, no abnormal condition has been detected in both the neonates and the primiparas.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.614-617
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• 2010

3년령, 암컷 점박이 하이에나가 분만의 증상을 나타내나 분만이 이루어지지 않아 이를 교정하기 위해 충북대학교 동물의료센터에 의뢰되었다. 분만 징후가 관찰된 후 5일이 경과되었고, 스스로 분만이 불가능하였기 때문에 제왕절개를 계획하였다. 수술 전 혈액화학검사 결과 심각한 질소혈증이 관찰되었으며, 수술 중 골반입구를 폐쇄하고 있는 태아의 두부가 요도를 압박하여 배뇨가 불가능하였음을 확인하였다. 또한 확장된 자궁내의 태아는 견관절굴절위를 나타내고 있었으며, 태아의 두부가 골반입구로 진입할 수 없을 정도의 크기를 나타내고 있었다. 태아의 상태는 폐사 후 부패가 진행된 상태였으며, 과다 체중(모체의 약 5%)을 나타냈다. 이 증례는 점박이 하이에나에서 과대태아 및 견관절굴절위로 인한 난산이 신후성 질소혈증을 일으킨 최초의 보고이다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.393-395
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• 2014

A 6-year old, Greyhound bitch was presented with vaginal hemorrhage and dystocia. Physical examination revealed severe vaginal hemorrhage, abdominal pain, pale mucous membranes and the presence of solid structures to abdominal palpation. A hematological test revealed a marked hemorrhagic anemia, and abdominal radiography and ultrasonographic examination showed two dead fetuses in the uterus. Median laparotomy revealed a rupture of the left uterine horn adjacent to the bifurcation, region of weakened uterine wall in the right uterine horn, blood clots and uterine fluids in abdominal cavity without septic peritonitis. The bitch underwent ovariohysterectomy and recovered without complication.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2009

서울동물원의 4세령, 초산 그물무늬기린이 난산 상황에서 특별한 보정장치 없이 수컷 새끼기린을 분만하였다. 어미 기린은 7시간 이상 외음부에 새끼 기린의 앞발이 나온 상태에서 분만의 진전 없이 난산 위기에 처해 있었다. 외음부에 나온 태아 앞발 중수골에 로프 올가미를 한 후 잡아당겨 반대쪽 발목을 견인하였다. 한 개의 로프 올가미를 더 만들어 반대쪽 발목에 걸어 어미 기린의 자궁수축 리듬에 맞춰 로프를 잡아당겨 건강한 새끼 기린을 얻었다. 분만 후 어미 기린은 정상적으로 새끼를 돌봐주었고 분변 내 호르몬 수치를 검사한 결과 분만 후 프로제스테론 수치는 분만 전 상태로 떨어졌다.