• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권6호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2012

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Korean version of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) and Dyspnea-12 Questionnaire for patients with bronchiectasis or tuberculous destroyed lung. Methods: For 62 bronchiectasis patients and 37 tuberculous destroyed lung patients, 3 questionnaires including St. George's Respiratory Questionnaires (SGRQ), CAT, and Dyspnea-12 were obtained, in addition to spirometric measurements. To assess the validity of CAT and Dyspnea-12, correlation with SGRQ was evaluated. To assess the reliability of CAT and Dyspnea-12, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was calculated. Results: The mean ages of the patients were $60.7{\pm}8.3$ years in bronchiectasis and $64.4{\pm}9.3$ years in tuberculous destroyed lung. 46.8% and 54.1% were male, respectively. The SGRQ score was correlated with the score of the Korean version of CAT (r=0.72, p<0.0001) and Dyspnea-12 (r=0.67, p<0.0001) in bronchiectasis patients. The SGRQ score was correlated with the score of CAT (r=0.86, p<0.0001) and Dyspnea-12 (r=0.80, p<0.0001) in tuberculous destroyed lung patients. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient for the CAT and Dyspnea-12 were 0.84 and 0.90 in bronchiectasis, and 0.88 and 0.94 in tuberculous destroyed lung, respectively. Conclusion: We found that Korean version of CAT and Dyspnea-12 are valid and reliable in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung and bronchiectasis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2010

Background: The object of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Korean versions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) and Dyspnea-12 Questionnaire for patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD). Methods: For the 127 COPD patients, we obtained the Korean versions of the 3 questionnaires being tested: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), CAT, and Dyspnea-12 with spirometric measurements. To assess the validity of CAT and Dyspnea-12, their correlation with SGRQ was evaluated. To assess the reliability of CAT and Dyspnea-12, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was evaluated. Results: The mean age of patient participants was $68.6{\pm}7.5$ years; 97.6% were male. The SGRQ score was correlated with the scores of the Korean version of CAT (r=0.71, p<0.0001) and Dyspnea-12 (r=0.73, p<0.0001). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the CAT and Dyspnea-12 were 0.77 and 0.78, respectively. Conclusion: The Korean versions of CAT and Dyspnea-12 were shown to be valid and reliable for the Korean COPD patients.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-105
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• 2007

Objectives : Select and analyze the case record of dyspnea and wheezing asthma recorded in Xu Ming Yi Lei An that is the most abundant and wide in contents in existing case records that are systematic, comprehending relatively modern Traditional Chinese Medicine to secure more deep and objective basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine approach for dyspnea and wheezing asthma to analyze and review possibility for clinical application in this study. Methods: The study was conducted with the case records of dyspnea and wheezing asthma in whole Xu Ming Yi Lei An. Pattern identify and classify selected case records and again classified with deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome. Also analyzed prescriptions and herbs used in the case records. Nature of herbs and properties and flavors that were used in the case records were classified and frequency of each nature of herbs were analyzed. Applicable case records were interpreted and suggested prescriptions, pulse feelings, pattern classification were analyzed and described. Results : Among the 5254 case records stated on the complete collection, it is researched that there are 63 case records for the symptom complex of dyspnea as 1.2% of the whole case records, and the case records on the symptom complex of wheezing asthma are 14 as the 0.27% of the total examples. 63 case record examples related with symptom complex of dyspnea were pattern identified and classified. As a result, deficiency syndrome of the Kidney(33 %), deficiency syndrome of the Spleen(26.0%), Wind-Cold(12.3%), phlegm turbidity(12.3%), Heat in the Lung(8.2%), asthenia of the Lung(8.2%) were investigated as above order. 14 case record examples related with wheezing asthma were pattern identified and classified. As a result, phlegm-Heat(26.3%), upper excess and lower deficiency(26.3%), external affections Wind-Cold(15.8%), Dampness-phlegm(10.5%), Lung asthenia(10.5%), Cold phlegm(5.3%), mutual deficiency and detriment of Heart and Kidneys(5.3%) were investigated as above order. Symptom complex of dyspnea has 67.1% of deficiency syndrome, 32.9% of excess syndrome resulting more deficiency syndrome than excess syndrome. Symptom complex of wheezing asthma has 42.1 % of deficiency syndrome and 57.9% of excess syndrome resulting more excess syndrome than deficiency syndrome. In case of symptom complex of dyspnea prescription used in the case record, the order of frequency is as following. Palmijihwang-tang, Bojung-ikgitang, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ijintang, Sojaganggitang, Igongsan. In case of symptom complex of wheezing asthma prescription in the case record, Yungmijihwang-tang, Ohotang, Dodamtang were mostly used. Herbs used in case records of symptom complex of dyspnea are Ginseng Radix, Poria, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Aconiti Iateralis Preparata Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens are mostly used. Nature of herb properties used for symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma are herbs that are warm properties. When the symptom complex of dyspnea and the symptom complex of wheezing asthma were treated. if the patient felt tenderness at Pyesu, doctors conducted pricking blood around the opposite Pyesu or Sipseon acupoint. when the patient didn't have tenderness at Pyesu by soft press, pricking blood was performed both sidees, right and left Pyesu. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, when they got treatment, when the symptom complex of disease is severe, a doctor cauterized the opposite Pyesu while the other Pyesu felt tenderness, and decided how the above treatment is performed whether the degree of the symptom compolex of disease is severe or not. In case of the treatment of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma, if the person felt tenderness at Pyesu and is caught by the Wind-Cold pathogen, slight acupuncture is treated at relevant Pyesu with Fire needling. When patient with symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma cannot hawk sputum up from the oral and laryngopharynx, suction method is treated. Conclusion : With this study, actual traditional and clinical pattern identification form and characteristics of symptom complex of dyspnea and symptom complex of wheezing asthma were recognized. Modern case report utilizing in clinical application need to be secured and an incurable disease asthma need to be diagnosed and improvement for treatments have to be searched through other case records.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate acupoints that appear in ancient records and use with regard to treatment to the wheezing and dyspnea. Methods : We investigated 10 ancient records from Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty that had medical references to wheezing and dyspnea. Results and Conclusions : Out of acupoints that found out to be used for treatment of wheezing and dyspnea in this study, Conception and Governor channels account for 38.9%, the three yang meridians of the foot account for 22.2% and the three tin meridians of the Hand account for 13.9%. In 10 ancient records, CV22(Tian tu) appears 5 times, CV12(Zhongwan) and ST36(Zusanli) appear 4times. A total number of acupoints that appear in the ancient records were 35. In compendium of medicine, the number of acupoints was 21. In cmpendium of acupuncture and moxibustion, the number of acupoints was 10. In the treatment of wheezing and dyspnea, not only acupuncture but also moxibustion has a great importance.

• 턱관절균형의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2022

본 증례에서는 발병일 이후 항우울제 복용 및 도수치료, 한방치료에도 증상의 개선이 보이지 않던 호흡곤란이 주증인 불안장애 환자를 대상으로 TBT를 병행한 약침, 침, 한약 등 한방치료를 적용하여 증상의 완화를 관찰하였다. 이에, 호흡곤란을 수반한 정신과질환의 치료에 있어서 한의학 치료 및 TBT가 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chemical exposure among workers has relevance to dyspnea using data from the $3^{rd}$ Korea Working Conditions Survey. Methods: The research subjects were 29,711 wage workers. Chemical exposures consist of four factors, (1) breathing in vapors, fumes, dust and dirt, (2) breathing in organic solvent vapors, (3) handling or touching chemicals, and (4) secondhand smoke. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between chemical exposure and dyspnea in the last 12months using proc surveylogistic in SAS 9.3 statistical software excluding people who had received a diagnosis of hypertension or obesity that can affect the respiratory distress symptoms(n=27,842). Results: Chemical exposure among workers was associated with dyspnea after adjustment for demographics and job characteristics. Prevalence of dyspnea was 4.9 per 1,000 among men and 5.8 per 1,000. Compared to a total score of 0 points of chemical exposure among workers, a total score of 1, 2-3, and 4 points tended to have increased risk of dyspnea in a dose-response manner for both men (OR=1.43, 1.93, and 4.26; P-for trend=0.002) and women(OR=1.10, 2.81, and 7.70; P-for trend=0.002). Stratified analysis by duration of current job showed that the association between chemical exposure and dyspnea tended to get stronger until 15 years and then disappeared afterwards, which reflects healthy worker survivor effect. Conclusions: We observed significant association between chemical exposure and dyspnea using the data of the $3^{rd}$ Korea Working Conditions Survey. Our results warrants providing knowledge related to chemical exposure, performing prevention activities, and creating various health policies to protect workers.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.266-278
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of reinforced walking exercise on dyspnea-fatigue symptoms, daily activities, walking ability and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in heart failure patients. Methods: This study used a randomized controlled trial design. The participants (experimental group=16, control group=25) were recruited from a university hospital in Kyeong-nam area. Data were collected from March to September, 2015. The reinforced walking exercise included goal setting and feedback (telephone and text message) provided for 12 weeks. Dyspnea-Fatigue Index, Korean Activity Scale/Index (KASI), six-minute walking distance (6MWD) and HRQoL were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Fisher's exact test, $x^2$ test, and Kolmogrove-Smirnov test. Results: Prior to the intervention there were no differences in the research variables between two groups. The exercise compliance in the experimental group was 100% (walking for 50 minutes per day, 5 times per week). The experimental group had improved dyspnea-fatigue symptoms (t=8.63, p<.001), daily activities (t=-4.92, p<.001), longer 6MWD (t=-5.66, p<.001), and increased HRQoL (t=-9.05, p<.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The reinforced walking exercise could be a cost-effective intervention in heart failure patient, which could enhance patients' outcomes, such as improving dyspnea-fatigue symptoms, daily activities, walking ability, and quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2007

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was to identify the physiological, psychological factors to successful weaning of mechanical ventilation in ICU patients. Method: Data was collected by interview with the use of questionnaires from 70 ICU patients, who were mechanically ventilated more than 3days at Y university medical center. Data was analyzed with descriptive statics, t-test, and $x^2$ test, and Pearson Coefficient Correlation using SPSS WIN 12.0 program. Result: ICU patients with mechanical ventilator during weaning period reported high levels of anxiety, moderate levels of stress, and fatigue. The physiological, psychological factors influencing ventilator weaning success were RSBI(p=0.007), stress(p=0.009), anxiety(p=0.020), depression(p=0.040), fatigue(p=0.001), and dyspnea(p=0.010). The RSBI factor was shown to have positive correlations with ventilator care periods, $PaCO_2$, and fatigue. Dyspnea was also positively correlated with stress, anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Conclusion: This study suggests that RSBI, stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and dyspnea are significant factors to successful weaning from mechanical ventilation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1983

Fifty cases of open heart surgery were done in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Busan National University Hospital during 16 months from July, 1981 to October, 1982. The clinical data were analyzed and summerized as follows. 1. There were 34 cases (68%) of congenital anomalies and 16 cases (32%) of acquired heart diseases. Among the congenital cases, 27 were acyanotic and 7 were cyanotic. All of the acquired heat diseases, 16 cases were valvular diseases and they had valvular replacement surgery. 2. The age distribution of the congenital anomalies ranged from 6 to 27 years with mean age of 14.2 years, and the acquired heart diseases from 18 to 44 years mean age of 27.5 years. The difference of sex distribution was no significance. 3. The clinical minifestations in acyanotic congenital anomalies were exertional dyspnea (81.5%), recurrent respiratory infection (55.6%) and palpitation (22.2%), and in cyanotic congenital anomalies were exertional dyspnea (100%), syncope(57.1%) and growth retardation(57.1%), and in acquired heart diseases were dyspnea(100%), edema (62.5%) and general weakness (62.5%) 4. During the cardiopulmonary bypass, mild to moderate core cooling was performed and added topical cooling for more accurate myocardial preservation. 5. Two kinds of cardioplegic solution used in our institute were Bretschneider solution for the first 7 cases and mixed Harmann's solution 1 L with glucose 5gm, potassium chloride 26 mEq and sodium bicarbonate 24 mEq, making 376 mosmol/L and pH 8.3 at $25^{\circ}C$, for the rest 43 cases. 6. Various kinds of postoperative complications occurred in 14 cases (28%) and showed overall mortality 12%. The mortality along with each disease was 7.4% in congenital acyanotic cases, 42.9% in congenital cyanotic cases and 6.3% in acquired valvular diseases. 7. Pre-and postoperative diagnostic incompatibility was seen in 6 cases (12%). 8. The artificial valves used in the replacement surgery were lonescu-Shiley bovine xenograft in 6 cases and Carpentier-Edwards porcine xenograft in 10 cases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.548-557
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• 1993

연구배경 : 기관지 확장증은 비가역적 병변으로 만성적이고 반복적인 폐기관지의 감염으로 인하여 많은 예에서 만성기관지염, 폐기종 및 기관지천식등이 동반되는 경우가 많다. 따라서 이들에서의 폐기능도 동반되는 질환이나 침범범위등에 따라서 다양하리라 생각이 되어 기관지 확장증의 병리해부학적 형태의 차이, 그리고 호흡곤란의 정도에 따른 폐기능의 차이를 조사하였다. 방법 : 1985년 1월부터 1991년 12월까지 경북대학병원에서 기관지 조영술사진에 의해 기관지확장증으로 확진된 93예를 대상으로 폐활량, 최대환기량, 노력성호기곡선 및 기류-용량 곡선에서 계측할 수 있는 각종지표와 closing volume을 구하여 기관지조영술상의 낭종형, 원통형 및 혼합형 등의 기관지확장증의 형태 및 Hugh-Jones의 호흡곤란의 정도에 따른 성적을 비교검토 하였다. 결과: 1) 이환된 폐구역수의 평균은 원통형(tubular), 낭종형(saccular) 및 혼합형(mixed) 에서 각각 4.7, 6.9, 7.8개였고 폐활량 및 노력성 호기곡선의 모든 계측치와 PEF를 제외한 호기류속도를 반영하는 계측치는 낭종형 및 혼합형에서 저명하게 감소하였다. 2) MVV는 낭종형 및 혼합형에서 감소하는 경향이었으며 CV/VC는 낭종형 및 혼합형에서 증가하는 경향이었다. 3) 호흡곤란의 정도가 심할수록 이환된 폐구역수는 유의하게 증가되었으며 폐환기능은 이와 비례하여 저하하였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 기관지확장증에서의 환기기능은 제한성환기 장애와 폐쇄성환기 장애가 동반되어 있으며 이는 호흡곤란의 정도가 심할수록, 낭종형 및 혼합형일수록 뚜렷하였다.