• 감성과학
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2020

본 연구는 요양병원에 근무하는 간호사를 대상으로 죽음인식, 임종간호스트레스, 임종간호수행간의 관계를 파악하고 이를 기반으로 임종간호수행에 영향을 주는 주요 요인을 파악하기 위한 것이 궁극적인 목적이다. 본 연구는 전라남도 3개 도시에 위치한 요양병원간호사를 대상으로 연구를 수행하였으며, 조사도구는 죽음인식, 임종간호스트레스, 임종간호수행 설문지를 활용하였다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계를 수행하였으며, 변수간의 상관성을 분석하기 위하여 피어슨상관분석을 수행하였으며, 주요 영향인자를 분석하기 위한 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 통계분석은 SAS 9.1 ver.을 사용하였다. 간호사 자신의 정신적, 업무적 스트레스가 임종간호수행에 많은 어려움을 야기하고 간호사는 임종환자를 자주 경험하면서 임종간호스트레스가 높아진다. 죽음인식과 임종간호스트레스는 임종간호수행과 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 임종간호수행에 영향을 미치는 요인은 임종간호스트레스와 임상경력 이었다. 요양병원간호사의 임상경력이 많은 사람일수록 임종간호수행도가 높았으므로 임상경력을 고려한 임종간호수행이 이루어져야 하며, 임종간호수행에 있어 스트레스를 줄일 수 있는 방안과 임종간호수행에 영향을 주는 다른 요인을 심도 있게 파악하여 요양병원 실정에 맞는 임종간호수행 및 교육이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2006

The shigellae are common etiological agents of bacillary dysentery in humans and primates. During four years from 2002 to 2005, 22 strains of Shigella spp. were isolated from the diarrheic patients in Seoul region. All of them were identified as S. flexneri by biochemical tests and serotyping. The prevalence of serotypes were variable by year, but the major serotypes were 2a and 3a. In an antimicrobial susceptibility test, all of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline, and susceptible to amikacin, kanamycin, cefoxitin, and gentamicin. All of the isolates showed the multi-resistant patterns over 3 drugs. By analysis of the plasmid profile the isolates were classified into 7 groups (P1~P7). Serotypes 2a and 2b were distributed to P1, P2, P3, and P4. Serotype 3a was differentiated to P5 and serotype 3b, to P6 and serotype 4a, to P7. PCR results showed that all isolates were positive for two virulence genes, ipaH and ial, but none of the strains had stx gene. The set1A and set1B genes were detected from 12 isolates (54.5%) that belonged to serotype 2a and 2b. The sen gene was detected from 19 isolates (86.4%). The 22 isolates showed 12 to 17 DNA fragments in the sizes ranging from 20.5 kb to 1135 kb, resulting in 13 patterns by the PFGE with Not I digestion. The PFGE patterns of the isolates showed the close relation with the serotypes, but no relations with year of isolation and antimicrobial resistance.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2008

According to a treatment of internal disease in oriental medicine, we recognize that Lee Dong-won's Eumhwalon has a critical meaning. However, there is no well organized study about that so far even though medical treatments and prescriptions affected by Lee Dong-won's Eumhwalon have been used in clinical medicine. Hence I have studied the effect on a treatment of internal disease of after age affected by Lee Dong-won's Eumhwalon focused on medical treatments and prescriptions. For the comprehensive study on the effect of Lee Dong-won’s(李東垣) Eumwhalon(陰火論) on a treatment of internal disease for after age, I have examined, collected, and summarized the related descriptions from various books and papers in this subject such as <Naek-yung(內經)> which is the bible of oriental medicine. Followings are obtained as a result: Lee dong-won said Eumhwa(陰火) might be happened if there are abnormalities of the spleen and the stomach which exercise going up and coming down(升降). Lee dong-won offered Gamonjeyol(甘溫除熱) and Sengyangsanwha(升陽散火) as treatments of Eumhwa(陰火) Gamonjeyol(甘溫除熱) affected the treatment and the pathological recognition of Daekilon(大氣論) by Jang suk-sun(張錫純). Consequently there are some prescriptions such as Sengham-tang(升陷湯), Wandae-tang(完帶湯), Kerwonjern(擧元煎), and so on affected by Gamonjeyol(甘溫除熱). Sengyangsanwha(升陽散火) affected Yuklumanju(逆流挽舟) by Yu chang(喩昌) a lot. It is a meaning of Sengyangsanwha(升陽散火) that he used Insampaedok-san(人蔘敗毒散) to dysentery. As a representative prescription, there are Insampaedok-san(人蔘敗毒散), Kamisoyo-san(加味逍遙散), Baekchuljakyak-san(白朮芍藥散), and so on.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.173-186
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to investigate the tendency of incident diseases in pre- and post- weaning piglets which ages were 1 to 7 weeks old by laboratory diagnosis and in order to minimize death in preweaning piglets and of stunted growth in postweaning piglets. The result of this experiment used as the basic data for the preventive programs in pre- and post- weaning piglets and were as follows: 23 different diseases diagnosed in 331 cases were studied in relation to age, season, and etiology. The most prevelent diseases of pre- and post- weaning piglet were Colibacillosis(79 case, 23.9%) and the major diseases were Salmonellosis(44 cases, 13.3%), Anemia(37 cases, 11.2%). Unknown viral disease(20 case, 6.1%), Rota viral infection(19 case, 5.8%), Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome(PRRS; 15 case 4.5%), Transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE; 12 case, 3.6%). The gastrointestinal disease, such as Colibacillosis, Salmonellosis, Swine dysentery, Clostridial infection, Rotaviral infection, TGE, Porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED) and Ballantidiosis occured pro- dominently in the period of pre- and post- weaning, which were 178 cases(53.8%) and not related to occurrence according to age and season. The respiratory diseases were Atrophic rhinitis(AR), Swine enzootic pneumonia, Pneumonic pasteurellosis, Pleuropneumonia, Branchopneumonia, PRRS and which were 48 cases(14.5%) and higher prevalent in spring and summer. The viral diseases was 73 cases(22.1%) that occurred in the period of 5 weeks piglet and prevalent mainly in spring. The bacterial diseases were 188 cases(56.8%) that were not related to occurrence according to age and season. Salmonellosis was prevalent in 3 to 5 weeks piglet and mainly occurred in summer. Viral septicemia and rotaviral infection occurred after 5 weeks piglets intensively and 3 to 5 weeks, respectively. And the both occurred without relation with season. PRRS occurred after 4 weeks piglet and prevalent in summer. TGE occurred 1 to 7 days old piglets and prevalent in spring and winter. Hematologic values of anemia was decrease in number of Red Blood Cell, concentration of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit. Amikacin, cephalothin, colistin, norfloxacin were effective to E coli, and amikacin, cephalothin, nortloxacin, neomycin were effective to Salmonellra spp. but clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin, sulfonamides were resistant to E coli and Salmonella spp.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.259-274
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• 2017

Platycodon grandiflorum (Bell flower) is an important plant that has traditionally been used as herbal medicine for the treatment of cough, phlegm, sore throats, lung abscesses, chest pains, dysuria, and dysentery. The present study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of inducing shoot and root organogenesis in cultured explants of P. grandiflorum in a range of culture media and through use of various plant growth regulators (PGRs). The plantlets (Stem containing one node) were isolated and cultured on different concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with PGRs. We found that proliferation and elongation of shoots and roots could be achieved on 1/4 MS for P. grandiflorum with wild and green petals and on 1/8 MS for P. grandiflorum with double petals. The highest levels of development and elongation of adventitious shoots and roots were observed when petal explants were cultured on 1/4 MS (pH 3.8) supplemented with 5% sucrose. Increasing the agar concentration reduced shoot growth and rooting potential; nevertheless, the highest number of shoots and roots was observed on 0.6% agar. In the case of growth regulators, 1/4 MS supplemented with $1mg\;L^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was found to be best for shooting, although higher concentrations of BA tended to reduce shoot and root elongation. The highest number of shoots was achieved on $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ thidiazuron (TDZ) from double petal explants grown on 1/8 MS. However, root and shoot elongation were found to decrease when TDZ concentrations were increased. Low concentrations of kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid, and 3-indole butyric acid induced shoot and root proliferation and elongation. Taken together, our study showed that low concentrations of PGRs induced the greatest root formation and elongation, showing that the optimal concentration of PGRs for shoot proliferation was species-dependent.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to reveal the characteristics of formulas in "Xi$\v{a}$o' Er Y$\`{a}$o Zh$\`{e}$ng Zh$\'{\i}$ Ju$\'{\e}$. Methods : For that objectives, We analyzes formulas in "Xi$\v{a}$o' Er Y$\`{a}$o Zh$\`{e}$ng Zh$\'{\i}$ Ju$\'{\e}$. In the text, 132 formulas were described. To comprehend the formulas, we classified them as several bases. Results : After those analyses, we bring to a conclusion as follows. 1. 30 formulas are described that treated convulsive diseases (j$\={i}$ngf$\={e}$ng, 惊風). Next, g$\={a}$n(疳), parasite infection, diarrhea/dysentery, dermatosis and etc were in the order. 2. Classified by the formulation, Yu$\'{\a}$nj$\`{i}$(圓劑) was the best(70 kinds of formulas, 53%). S$\v{a}$nj$\`{i}$(散劑) was a form of 41 formulas(31%). T$\={a}$ngj$\`{i}$(湯劑) and g$\={a}$oj$\`{i}$(膏劑) were a form of 5 formulas each. 10 formulas were assumed the form of w$\`{a}$iy$\`{o}$ngj$\`{i}$(外用劑). 3. We researched in-depth analysis of Yu$\'{\a}$nj$\`{i}$. As a results, dosage, additive(輔料) and the time to take of Yu$\'{\a}$nj$\`{i}$ were decomposed. Also, the formulas that treated convulsive diseases were analyzed by the herbs classification. Conclusions : Though the formulas that treated convulsive diseases were hard to application at local clinic, overall nosology of pediatrics was reflected comparatively. "Xi$\v{a}$o' Er Y$\`{a}$o Zh$\`{e}$ng Zh$\'{\i}$ Ju$\'{\e}$ was expected to play a role for reconsideration of formulas' formulation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.518-528
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• 2013

꿀풀과(Labiatae)에 속하는 황금(黃芩, S. baicalensis)은 한국, 중국, 몽골 및 시베리아 동부 등지에 분포하는 여러해살이 초본식물로서 예로부터 민간처방 약재로 사용되었으며, 한방에서는 뿌리 말린 것을 이질, 발열 및 황달의 치료제로 사용되고 있다. 또한 최근 연구에 따르면 황금 추출물은 항염증, 항당뇨, 항균, 항알레르기, 항바이러스, 항고혈압, 항산화 및 항암 효능을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있으나 신세포암에서의 항암효능 및 분자생물학적 기전에 대해서는 명확히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 인체 신세포암 Caki-1 세포에서 황금 에탄올 추출물(ethanol extract of S. baicalensis, EESB)이 유발하는 항암효과 및 항암기전을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 EESB 처리에 의한 Caki-1 세포의 증식억제는 apoptosis 유발과 밀접한 연관이 있었으며, 이는 DR4 Fas ligand 및 Bax 단백질의 발현 증가와 Bid, XIAP 및 cIAP-1의 발현 억제와 관련이 있었다. EESB는 또한 미토콘드리아의 기능 손상과 caspase-3의 기질단백질인 PARP, ${\beta}$-catenin 및 $PLC{\gamma}$-1 단백질의 단편화를 유발하였다. 그러나 EESB 처리에 의하여 유발되었던 apoptosis가 pan-caspases inhibitor인 z-VED-fmk를 이용하여 caspases의 활성을 억제하였을 경우 현저하게 감소되어, EESB에 의한 apoptosis 과정에 caspase의 활성 증대가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 황금의 항암작용을 이해하는데 중요한 자료가 될 것이고 나아가 향후 수행될 추가 실험을 위한 기초 자료로서 그 가치가 매우 높을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

분갈(Pueraria thomsonii Benth)은 전통적으로 중국 의학에서 발열, 급성 이질, 설사, 당뇨병 및 심혈관 질환 치료를 위한 약재로 사용되어 왔다. 이러한 분갈의 꽃인 분갈화의 피부 효능은 아직까지 밝혀진 바 없어, 본 연구에서는 멜라닌세포인 B16F1 세포주와 섬유아세포인 HS68 세포주를 이용하여 분갈화의 피부효능을 검증하고자 하였다. 분갈화의 에탄올 추출물이 멜라닌세포의 멜라닌 합성을 농도 의존적으로 감소시킴을 확인하고, 분갈화 추출물의 효능 성분을 추적하고자 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 분갈화에 함유된 이소플라본류 화합물인 tectorigenin, tectoridin, tectorigenin 7-O-xylosylglucoside 3종 성분을 확인하였다. 3종 성분 모두 독성을 보이지 않는 농도에서 멜라닌세포의 멜라닌 생합성을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰으며, 이러한 멜라닌 생합성 감소는 tyrosinase와 microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) 유전자 발현을 감소시키는 것에 기인함을 확인하였다. 멜라닌 합성저해의 또 다른 기전을 확인하기 위하여, 섬유아세포에서 유래되는 멜라닌 합성억제 인자인 DKK-1의 발현에 대한 영향을 측정한 결과, 분갈화 추출물, tectoridin, tectorigenin 7-O-xylosylglucoside는 DKK-1의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 감소시킨 반면, tectorigenin은 DKK-1의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 증가시키는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 분갈화 성분 중 tectorigenin은 멜라닌세포에서의 멜라닌 합성 억제와 섬유아세포에서의 멜라닌 생성 억제 인자 분비를 촉진하는 효과적인 미백 개선제로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2019

Portulaca oleracea L. (PL) has been used in traditional medicine herb for treatment of various diseases, such as diarrhea, dysentery, and skin inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the PL regulates the inflammation by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although PL might have improvement effects of intestinal function and bioactive effects, there are not enough studies to demonstrate. This study investigated the effects of KDC16-2 on the improvement of intestinal function and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. The improvement effect of intestinal function was measured fecal amount, water content and intestinal transit rate in KDC16-2 treated ICR mice. As results, compared with the control group, the KDC16-2 group showed a significant increase in wet fecal weight, dry fecal weight and fecal water content. The intestinal transit rate of KDC16-2 group was significantly increased. Based on the results, KDC16-2 is considered to have effects on improving intestinal function. The effect of anti-inflammatory demonstrated by using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. The mice were administered 3% DSS along with KDC16-2 (100, 300 mg/kg) for 14 days. DSS-induced colitis mice were significantly ameliorated in KDC16-2 treated group, including body weight loss, colon length shortening, tight junction protein of colon and histological colon injury. The levels of inflammatory mediators (IgG2a, IgA, C-reactive protein and Myeloperoxidase) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, Interleukin (IL)-6) which are involved in inflammatory responses were increased in the DSS-treated group as compared to those in the control group, and the levels were significantly decreased in the KDC16-2 groups. In addition, we investigated the impact of KDC16-2 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in J774A.1 cells. KDC16-2 inhibited production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggested that the KDC16-2 could effectively alleviate the dysfunction of intestinal and inflammatory mediators. Thus, these KDC16-2 can be potentially used as health functional food of intestinal.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2022

Objectives : Yukil-san (YIS, 六一散; Liu yi san) is composed of Talcum and Glycyrrhizae Radix, the name is said to be derived from the proportion of the two herbal components of the formula. The YIS originated from 'Formulas from the discussion illuminating the Yellow Emperor's Basic Question'(黃帝素問宣明論方; Huang di su wen xuan ming lun fang) written by Liu Wan-Su (劉完素). YIS could clear summerheat, resolve dampness, and augment the qi. This formula may be used to treat the common cold, influenza, acute gastroenteritis, cystitis, urethritis and bacillary dysentery. But, there is insufficient of study about the effects of YIS on the anti-inflammatory activities. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of YIS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA kit. The expression of proteins related with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were assessed by western blot analysis. Results : YIS significantly inhibited the expression of iNOS increased by LPS, and thus significantly inhibited the production of NO. In addition, YIS significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the regulation of inflammation, NF-κB pathway plays a crucial role. YIS inhibited the expression of p-IκBα and thus inhibited the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. Conclusions : These results suggest that YIS ameliorates inflammatory response in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators, via suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, this study provides objective evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of YIS including the underlying mechanisms.