• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1990

For the purpose of Improving the sounding boards for the conventional GAYAKUM, I was making approximately 202 specimens of radial board, 371 specimens of tangential board by cutting along the grain and the part of stem and 31 specimens of the disjointed traditional GAYAKUM made in Paulownia coreana. And it was conducted to measure specific gravity, dynamic Young's modulus, internal friction, resonant frequency, velosity of sound and width of annual ring by the method of the frexural vibration in a free-free bar in the audio frequency range. And it confirmed the juvenile wood by measuring wood fiber length of specimens. It was also conducted to investigate dynamic properties and moisture absorption by various heat-treatment and to test dynamic Young's modulus and internal friction for the disjointed conventional GAYAKUM. The results obtained were summarized as follow: 1. The Juvenile wood is located within about 7 annual rings from the pith in Paulownia coreana. 2. As increased with the specific gravity, the dynamic Young's modulus had more and more increased, but the internal friction had slightly decreased. 3. I think that radial board would be good for sounding board wood. because radial board is higher than tangential board in dynamic Young's mudulus and internal friction is lower than tangential board. 4. The value of mean dynamic Young's modulus on the conventional GAYAKUM, radial board and tangential board of 604 samples is $0.4283\pm0.037(\times10^{11}dyne/cm^2)$, $0.4316\pm(\times10^{11}dyne/cm^2)$ and $0.4234\pm0.112(\times10^{11}dyne/cm^2)$ respectively. The value of the radial board showed little higher than that of conventional GAYAKUM, but It had a similar tendency between conventional GAYAKUM and tangential board. 5. The annual ring width by four aspect is more narrow in north and west than that of others. 6. The values of specific gravity and dynamic Young's modulus in the mature wood showed higher than those of juvenile wood. 7. As the grain angle in the butt wood more increased to bark from pith, the dynamic Young's modulus were low. Then it was not good for sounding board. 8. It appeared that the heat-treatment for sounding board wood had a more effect to do the treatment of hotiron on surface after heat-treatment during 24 hours in $60^{\circ}C$ temperature. 9. As increased with the temperature, the rate of moisture absorption of heat-treatment wood had decreased. In conclusion, I thought that the sounding board wood for GAYAKUM would had the most effect to do the treatment of hotiron on surface after heat-treatment during 24 hours in $60^{\circ}C$ temperature using the radial board of mature wood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1985

The characteristics of Paulownia coreana wood used for sounding boards has been revealed through this study. The 80 specimens were selected from Paulownia coreana wood. The dynamic Young's modulus, the internal friction and resonant frequency of wood were measured by the method of making a rectangular bar resonate in the audio frequency range. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The average values of the specific gravity, the dynamic Young's modulus and the internal friction concerning Paulownia coreana used for sounding boards are $0.252{\pm}0.022$, $(0.494{\pm}0.068){\times}10^{11}$ dyne/cm and $(7.89{\pm}1.692){\times}10^{-3}$ respectively. 2. The average values of resonant frequency, the velosity of sound, and K values are $504{\pm}24.298$ Hz, $5018{\pm}219.83$m/s, and $(9.907{\pm}2.05){\times}10^{-4}$ respectively. 3. The dynamic Young's modulus of Paulownia coreana increases with the increase of the specific gravity, and that on the contrary the internal friction decreases. 4. The dynamic Young's modulus was abruptly decreased as the moisture content of wood specimens was increased up to the fiber saturation point, and the internal friction was linearly increased as the moisture content of wood specimens were increased. 5. The vibration properties of Paulownia coreana are that the dynamic Young's modulus is fairly high, the internal friction is low, and the ratio of Young's modulus to specific gravity shows large value.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate replaceable species with the conventional sounding board sitka spruce. by comparing the dynamic properties such as density, dynamic Young's modulus and internal friction Dynamic Young's modulus. internal friction of longitudinal and radial direction measured in free mass-free boundary condition for facile vibration analysis and measured by forced vibration method. Dynamical properties of four species were measured on squared plate specimen that the four edges were hung vertically by threads and driven magnetically through an iron piece glued on the specimen, by the use of condenser microphone as vibration transducer, and analyzed by FFT analyzer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Chaldni method using aluminum powder was proper to identify the vibration mode in the plate vibration and it was possible to verify the resornance mode. 2. It was considered that it was necessary to investigate the influence of adhesive part on the plate vibration when the sounding board was made by two or three small board adhesion. 3. It was considered that plate vibration method, which was a superior to the vibration test of beam, was suitable for selecting suounding board because dynamic Young's modulus and internal friction show different order according to longitudinal and radial direction. 4. Paulownia tomentosa Thunb.) Steudel has been considered to be replaceable species with sitka spruce because it has high dynamic Young's modulus compared with low density, low internal friction, and K value of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel is greater than that of sitka spruce.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.385-398
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• 2009

This paper aims to find a suitable solution to joint allocation of sub-channel and transmit power for multiple users in an IEEE 802.16e OFDMA/TDD cellular system. We propose the FASA (Fairness insured Aggressive Sub-channel Allocation) algorithm, which is a dynamic channel allocation algorithm that considers all of the users' channel state information conditionally in order to maximize throughput while taking into account fairness. A dynamic power allocation algorithm, i.e., an improved CHC algorithm, is also proposed in combination with the FASA algorithm. It collects the extra downlink transmit power and re-allocates it to other potential users. Simulation results show that the joint allocation scheme with the improved CHC power allocation algorithm provides an additional increase of sector throughput while simultaneously enhancing fairness. Four frames of time delay for CQI feedback and scheduling are considered. Furthermore, by addressing the difference between uplink and downlink scheduling in an IEEE 802.16e OFDMA TDD system, we can employ the uplink channel information directly via channel sounding, resulting in more accurate uplink dynamic resource allocation.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

현장 관입시험은 각종 해석과 설계를 위하여 지반공학 분야에서 널리 사용되어 오고 있다. 이중 표준관입시험과 동적콘관입시험이 동적 사운딩에 가장 대표적인 시험들이다. 동적콘관입시험은 원래 노상토의 특성 평가를 위하여 개발되었다. 동적콘관입시험의 가장 큰 장점은 간편하고 경제적이며, 상부에 견고한 층이 분포하는 연약층과 같은 비선형적인 지역의 지반조건을 빠르게 평가할 수 있는 데 있다. 그러나 시험의 표준화가 되지 않음에 따라 광범위한 사용이 제한되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대형콘관입시험장비를 이용하여 동적콘관입시험과 표준관입시험값과의 상관성을 평가하였다. 동적콘관입시험과 표준관입시험간의 회귀분석과 신뢰성 해석을 실시하였으며 그 결과 변환계수는 토질특성에 따라 1.12~1.31 사이에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.48-64
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the free vibrational properties of traditional and replaceable species for sounding board, using piezoelectrical accelerometer and signal analyzer. In the study, the frequency equations of free-free beam carrying a concentrated mass in the transverse vibration and of free-mass beam in the longitudinal vibration were used. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Average values of dynamic modulus of rigidity of Korean commercial species measured were as follows. Paulownia tomatosa (Thunb.) Steudel: $5.590\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Tilia amurensis Rupr.: $5.414\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Macckia amurensis Rupr.: $10.044\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.: $8.876\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Ulmus davidiana var.japonica Nakai: $8.677\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Pinus rigida Miller: $6.33\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance: $4.666\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ 2. The ratio of dynamic transverse Young's modulus to dynamic modulus of rigidity, $E_T/G_{LT}$, was 24.922 for Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, which was the highest, 7.317 for Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel, which was the lowest among Korean commercial species measured. 3. The value of longitudinal dynamic Young's modulus was about 3.7% and 19.8%, respectively, higher than those of transverse dynamic and static Young's modulus. The value of transverse dynamic Young's modulus was about 15.5% higher than that of static Young's modulus. 4. Predicted value of MOR in terms of correlation coefficient by transverse dynamic Young's modulus was slightly higher than that of static Young's modulus, but no significance was found out. 5. Transverse dynamic Youne's modulus was $(2.002\pm0.288)\times10^{11}\;dyne/cm^2$ for Fraxinus mandshurlca Rupr., which was the highest, $(0.601\pm0.100)\times10^{11}\;dyne/cm^2$ for Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel, which was the lowest among Korean commercial species measured. The sound velocity of sitka spruce was 5,685 m/sec, which was the highest. 6. Internal friction of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel was shown the lowest value among Korean commercial species, $(8.795\pm1.795)\times10^{-3}$, but was higher than that of sitka spruce, $(7.331\pm0.991)\times10^{-3}$. Internal friction was shown negative correlation with density and dynamic Young's modulus, respectively. 7. K value was affected largely by internal friction and was the highest, $2.225\times10^8$ for Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel and was the lowest, $0.550\times10^8$ for Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. K value of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel was higher than that of sitka spruce and K values of melapi and cottonwood, which have been considered to be replaceable species with sitka spruce in the piano industry, were lower than those of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel and mill amurensis Rupr.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2005년도 제7회 특별심포지움 논문집
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

In order to obtain more reliable data for the information on the ground, a new site Investigation method is proposed, in which seismic waves (S-waves) generated by the Swedish Ram Sounding Test (SRS) are used. It is indicated that the energy transferred from the hammer to the rod in SRS's is much more stable, compared to SPT's. A series of SRS with measurements of seismic waves at the ground surface were carried out to clarify the characteristics of seismic wave propagation in the ground. As the results of comparison between seismic S-wave amplitudes and $N_d$ (blow count for 20 cm penetration in SRS), it was found that amplitudes of S-waves generated by SRS correlate well with $N_d$. The amplitude of the S-wave is thought to be more adequate parameter for the soil strength and rigidity than $N_d$.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권9A호
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• pp.888-897
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 802.16e OFDMA/TDD 셀룰러 시스템에서 Sector Throughput과 Fairness를 향상시키기 위한 상향링크 동적자원할당 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘을 설명하기에 앞서 상하향링크 채널 정보의 차이를 언급하고, Round-robin 알고리즘에 사용자의 위치에 따라 할당 받을 수 있는 부채널 수를 제한하는 기존의 FLR 알고리즘과 전송전력 최소화 또는 전송률 최대화 Inner Closed-loop Power Control 알고리즘을 적용함으로서 10% 정도의 Throughput과 공평성 측면에서 높은 성능 향상을 볼 수 있다. 또한 상향링크 채널 사운딩을 통한 상향링크 채널 정보를 이용하여 FASA 알고리즘을 수행함으로써 FLR 을 적용한 Round-robin에 비하여 31.8%의 Sector Throughput이 향상되었다. User Selection, 부채널 할당 알고리즘, 전력할당 알고리즘과 Simulation Methodology 등은 Part I 논문에서 이미 언급한 바와 같다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2001

A numerical technique for simulating the separation dynamics of strap-on boosters jettisoned in the dense atmosphere is presented. Six degree of freedom rigid body equations of motion are integrated into the three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes solution procedure to determine the dynamic motions of strap-ons. An automated Chimera overlaid grid technique is introduced to achieve maximum efficiency for multi-body dynamic motion and a domain division technique is implemented in order to reduce the computational cost required to find interpolation points in the Chimera grids. The flow solver is validated by comparing the computed results around the Titan IV launch vehicle with experimental data. The complete analysis process is then applied to the. H-II launch vehicle, the central rocket in japans space program, the CZ-3C launch vehicle developed in China and the KSR-III, a three-stage sounding rocket being developed in Korea. From the analyses, separation trajectories of strap-on boosters are predicted and aerodynamic characteristics around the vehicles at every time interval are examined. In addition, separation-impulse devices generally introduced for safe separation of strap-ons are properly modeled in the present paper and the jettisoning force requirements are examined quantitatively.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1987

구조 및 음의분석을 통해 피아노의 등가회로를 구성하였다. 최저음부의 기본주파수성분은 방사저항이 작아 음향출력도 작아짐을 보였고, 측정을 통해 확인하였다. 현의 강성으로 인해 피아노음의 부분음들은 기본진동수의 배수가 되지 않고 높아지는데 최저음부에서 특히 문제로 되는 이 inharmonicity를 감소시켜 저음부 음질개선을 할 수 있는 새 방안을 강구하였다. 즉 브릿지의 위치만을 조절하여 harmonicity를 감소시키는 것으로 향판중심부로 브릿지를 위치시킬수록 향판최저공진수 이하의 주파수가 낮아진다. 이는 피아노 설계시에 적용할 수 있어 실제적 음질개선방안이 될 수 있다. 특히 소형피아노의 경우에 더욱 효과가 있을 것이다.