• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

본 논문은 공포게임의 긴장감 형성을 위해 플레이어의 행동에 대한 기능적 제약이 아니라 심리적 반응 유도를 통해 긴장감을 극대화한 <사일런트 힐2>를 시공간 관점에서 분석하였다. 이를 위해 공포게임에서 긴장감을 유도하는 3가지 주요상황을 정리하고 시공간 분석 기준을 마련하였다. <사일런트 힐2>의 게임시간은 컷신이 연출될 때를 제외하면 비현실적인 게임자체의 순수 허구 시간이 적용되었으며 게임 공간은 3가지의 공간유형을 다양한 조합으로 사용하였다. 이러한 분석결과는 플레이어의 동적/정적 긴장감과 일시적/지속적 긴장감을 조절하여 게임이벤트 및 맥락과 유연하게 연결시킬 수 있는 공포게임의 시공간 디자인 가이드라인을 모색하게 해준다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.45.1-45.1
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• 2021

Horizon Run 5 (HR5) is a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation which captures the properties of the Universe on aGpc scale while achieving a resolution of 1kpc. This enormous dynamic range allows us to simultaneously capture the physics of the cosmic web on very large scales and account for the formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies on much smaller scales. On the back of a remarkable achievement of this, we have finished to run follow-up simulations which have 2 times larger volume than before and are expected to complementary to some limitations of previous HR simulations both for the study on the large scale features and the expansion history in a distant Universe. For these simulations, we consider the sub-grid physics of radiative heating/cooling, reionization, star formation, SN/AGN feedbacks, chemical evolution and the growth of super-massive blackholes. In order to do this project, we implemented a hybrid MPI-OpenMP version of the RAMSES code, 'RAMSES-OMP', which is specifically designed for modern many-core many thread parallel systems. These simulation successfully reproduce various observation result and provide a large amount of statistical samples of Lyman-alpha emitters and protoclusters which are important to understand the formation and expansion history of early universe. These are invaluable assets for the interpretation of current ΛCDM cosmology and current/upcoming deep surveys of the Universe, such as the world largest narrow band imaging survey, ODIN (One-hundred-square-degree Dark energy camera Imaging in Narrow band).

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.38.2-38.2
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• 2020

Horizon Run 5 (HR5) is a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation which captures the properties of the Universe on a Gpc scale while achieving a resolution of 1 kpc. This enormous dynamic range allows us to simultaneously capture the physics of the cosmic web on very large scales and account for the formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies on much smaller scales. Inside the simulation box. we zoom-in on a high-resolution cuboid region with a volume of 1049 × 114 × 114 Mpc3. The subgrid physics chosen to model galaxy formation includes radiative heating/cooling, reionization, star formation, supernova feedback, chemical evolution tracking the enrichment of oxygen and iron, the growth of supermassive black holes and feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the form of a dual jet-heating mode. For this simulation we implemented a hybrid MPI-OpenMP version of the RAMSES code, specifically targeted for modern many-core many thread parallel architectures. For the post-processing, we extended the Friends-of-Friend (FoF) algorithm and developed a new galaxy finder to analyse the large outputs of HR5. The simulation successfully reproduces many observations, such as the cosmic star formation history, connectivity of galaxy distribution and stellar mass functions. The simulation also indicates that hydrodynamical effects on small scales impact galaxy clustering up to very large scales near and beyond the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale. Hence, caution should be taken when using that scale as a cosmic standard ruler: one needs to carefully understand the corresponding biases. The simulation is expected to be an invaluable asset for the interpretation of upcoming deep surveys of the Universe.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.1001-1021
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• 2012

This paper is concerned with John Ashbery's poetics of difficulty, questioning in particular the nature of communication in his difficult poems. Ashbery has an idea of poetry as 'information' to be transmitted to the reader. Meaning, however, is to be created by a series of selections among equally probable choices. Ashbery's poetry has been characterized by resistance to the interpretive system of meaning. But the resistance itself, as I will argue, can be an effective medium of communication as the communicated message is not simply transmitted but 'selected' and thus created by the reader. In Ashbery's poetry, disruptive 'noise' elements can be processed as constructive information. What is normally considered a hindrance or noise can be reversed and added to the information. In Ashbery's poems, random ambiguities or noises can be effectively integrated into the final structure of meaning. Such a stochastic sense of information transfer has been embodied in Ashbery's idea of creating a network of verbal elements in his poetry, analogous to the interconnecting web of hypertext, the most dynamic medium 'information technology' has brought to us. John Ashbery, whose poems are simultaneously incomprehensible and intelligent, employs ambiguities or noise in his poetry, with an attempt to reach through linear language to express nonlinear realities. It is therefore my intention to examine Ashbery's poetics of difficulty, from a perspective of communication transmission, using the theories of information technology and the principles of hypertext theory. Ashbery's poetry raises precisely the problem confronted in the era of communication and information technology. The paper will also show how his aesthetics of difficulty reflects the culture of our uncertain times with overflowing information. With his difficult enigmatic poems, Ashbery was able to move ahead of the technological advances of his time to propose a new way of perceiving the world and life.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.527-534
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• 2023

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of organ dysfunction and failure after liver surgeries including organ transplantation. The mechanism of liver IRI is complex and numerous signals are involved but cellular metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress, and inflammation are considered the major contributors to liver IRI. In addition, the activation of inflammatory signals exacerbates liver IRI by recruiting macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, and activating NK cells, NKT cells, and cytotoxic T cells. Technological advances enable us to understand the role of specific immune cells during liver IRI. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat liver IRI have been proposed but no definitive and effective therapies exist yet. This review summarizes the current update on the immune cell functions and discusses therapeutic potentials in liver IRI. A better understanding of this complex and highly dynamic process may allow for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches and optimize patient outcomes.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.21-46
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• 1990

본 논문은 유승민(劉承旻) 이인찬(李仁燦)(1990)이 추정한 우리나라 제조업(製造業)의 기술적(技術的) 효율성(效率性)을 토대로 기술적(技術的) 효율성(效率性)의 산업적(産業的) 격차(隔差)를 설명하는 경험적 증거를 구하고 효율성 추정치의 동태적(動態的) 안정성(安定性)을 분석하였다. 분석결과 산업(産業)의 생산규모(生産規模)가 클수록, 생산특화도(生産特化度)가 높을수록, 자본(資本)-노동비율(勞動比率)의 이질성(異質性)이 낮을수록 높은 기술적(技術的) 효율성(效率性)을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 미국(美國) 일본(日本)의 경우에 대한 연구결과와 공통되는 것으로서 기술적(技術的) 효율성(效率性)과 산업조직특성간(産業組織特性間)의 관계가 경제규모나 발전단계의 차이에도 불구하고 가설(假說)의 일반성(一般性)을 지지한다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 기업집중률(企業集中率) 또한 기술적 효율성에 대하여 선형(線型)보다는 이차형(二次型)의 관계를 가지고 있으나 우리나라의 경우 기술적 효율성이 극대화되는 집중률(集中率)은 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 논문은 효율성(效率性) 척도간(尺度間)의 선택문제에 대한 경험적 기준을 제시하였는데 부가가치액기준(附加價値額基準)보다는 생산액기준(生産額基準)으로 추정된 기술적(技術的) 효율성(效率性)이 제가설(諸假說)들과 잘 부합되는 결과를 나타내었다. 효율성의 동태적(動態的) 안정성(安定性)에 관한 시론적(試論的) 분석(分析)에 의하면 시간변화에 따른 효율성 추청치의 안정성은 효율성 척도간에 다소의 차이는 있으나 기대한 만큼 높지 않았다. 따라서 기술적 효율성의 동태적(動態的) 불안전요인(不安全要因)에 관한 설명은 연구과제로 남는다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2008

혈관종의 진단에 초음파(US), 전산화단층촬영영상(CT), 자기공명영상(MRI), 핵의학 검사 등 다양한 검사방법이 사용 될 수 있지만 $^{99m}Tc$ 표지 적혈구를 이용한 혈액풀 영상검사는 단일광자단층촬영(SPECT)의 발달로 혈관종을 확진하고 배제할 수 있는 가장 경제적일 뿐 아니라 비침습적이고 시행 하기도 쉬운 확실한 방법으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 간 혈관종 외 두경부 (head and neck) 혈관종 진단시 $^{99m}Tc$-RBC scan and SPECT 검사의 유용성에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 혈관종의 진단을 위해 본원 핵의학과에 내원한 6명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 6명의 환자 중 두부 부위 4명, 경부 부위 1명은 혈관종이라 추정하였고, 1명은 혈관종으로 의심되었다. 변형 체내 표지법(modified in vivo method)을 사용하여 표지하고 원심침전시켜 혈장을 제거한 다음 $^{99m}Tc$-RBC를 순 간주사하였다. 혈류기 영상을 얻은 후 즉시 전면상, 후면상, 양측면상의 혈액풀 영상을 얻었고 4시간 후 동일한 지연 영상을 얻었다. SPECT 영상은 이중 검출기(dual head detector)를 이용하여 64 projections ($180^{\circ}$)을 시행하였고 각 projection당 30초간 집적하였다. 모든 영상을 재구성한 후에 3명의 핵의학과 전문의, 핵의학과 전공의 및 핵의학과 방사선사가 특별한 정보없이 영상을 검토하였다. 혈관종으로 추정된 5명의 환자는 혈류기 영상에서 방사능은 증가하지 않았고 혈액풀 영상에서 증가하였으며 지연 영상과 SPECT 영상에서 증가된 소견을 보여 전형적인 혈관종 소견을 보였다. 혈관종이 아닌 1명의 환자는 혈류기 영상과 혈액풀 영상에서 방사능 증가를 보였고, 지연 영상과 SPECT 영상에서 감소된 소견을 보여 혈관종이 아닌 것으로 판정되었다. 5명의 혈관종 환자의 병소 크기는 모두 2 cm 이상이었고 SPECT 영상이 지연영상과 비교하여 뚜렷하게 병소 감별을 할 수 있었다. 간혈관종뿐만 아니라 두경부 혈관종이 의심되는 경우에는 비교적 경제적이고 비침습적이며 쉽게 시행할 수 있는 $^{99m}Tc$-RBC scan and SPECT 검사를 시행함으로써 초음파, 전산화 단층촬영영상, 자기공명영상 검사와 같은 다른 영상진단법과 함께 혈관종을 확진하고 배제하는데 의미있는 영상의학적 정보를 제공할 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to evaluate tennis shoes's plantar pressure distribution in tennis prayers and to determine the influence of the shoe on various tennis movements. When investigating the biomechanics of movement in tennis, one of the first things to do is to understand the movement patterns of the sport, specifically how these patterns relate to different tennis shoes. Once these patterns are understood, footwear company can design tennis shoes that match the individual needs of tennis players. Plantar pressure measurement is widely employed to study foot function, the mechanical pathogenesis for foot disease and as a diagnostic and outcome measurement tool for many performance. Measurements were taken of plantar pressure distribution across the foot and using F-Scan(Tekscan Inc.) systems respectively. The F-Scan system for dynamic in-shoe foot pressure measurements has enabled us to assess quantitatively the efficacy of different types of footwear in reducing foot pressures. The Tekscan F-Scan system consists of a flexible, 0.18mm thick sole-shape having 1260 pressure sensors, the sensor insole was trimmed to fit the subjects' right, left shoes. For this study 4 university male, high level tennis players were instructed to hit alternated forehand stroke, backhand stroke, forehand volley, backhand volley, smash, service movement in 4 different tennis shoes. 1. When impact in tennis movement, peak pressure distribution of landing foot displayed D>C>B>A, A displayed the best low pressure distribution. A style's tennis shoes will suggest prayer with high impact. If prayer with high impact feeling during pray in tennis wear A style, it will decrease injury, will have performance improvement. 2. When impact in tennis movement, plantar pattern of pressure distribution in landing foot displayed B>A>C>D in stability performance. During tennis, prayer want to stability movement suggest B style tennis shoes when tennis movement impact keep stability of human body. B style tennis shoes give performance improvement 3. When impact in tennis movement, plantar pattern of center of force(C.O.F.)trajectory in landing foot analyzed this : 1) When stroke movement and volley movement in tennis, prayer better to rearfoot movement. 2) when service movement, prayer midfoot strike movement. 3) when smash movement, prayer have forefoot strike movement.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2013

The concentration and composition of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere can directly reflect the environmental pollution. The atmospheric pollution in some Cameroonian cities is increasing with the industrial development and urbanization. Air pollution is inherently complex, containing PM of varied size and composition. This PM exists as a dynamic cloud interacting with sunlight and is modified by the meteorology. The reflectometer and the EDXRF spectrometry are applied to determine the concentration of some specific elements at four sites in the city of Yaound$\acute{e}$. The particular aim of the present work is to put in place data base on air pollution in urban area and elaborate regulations on the emissions issued to industrial and vehicle activities. This study provides an overview of the concentration of black carbon and some specific elements in the air, which have impacts on human health. The measurement was done by distinguishing the size of particle. So that, the particle with aerodynamic diameter between $2.5-10{\mu}m$ (so-called coarse particle) and aerodynamic diameter < $2.5{\mu}m$ (so-called fine particle) were considered to obtain more information about levels of the inhalable fraction of the location. The results obtained in four locations of the city of Yaound$\acute{e}$ show that the black carbon concentration is very considerable, the element sulfur is a major pollutant and the concentration of fine particle is very greater. The results obtained of fine and coarse filters range from $5-17{\mu}g/m^3$ and $10-18{\mu}g/m^3$ for the black carbon. S, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Se and Hg are the specific findings of this work. The pollutants with a greater concentration are S, Pb, and Zn. These later seem to be non-uniformly, non-regular in some location and high compared to other countries. This work allows us to make a potential relation between pollutants and emission sources. In this framework, some suggestions have been proposed to reduce emissions for an improvement of the air quality in the environment and thus, the one of the city of Yaound$\acute{e}$.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 상황 변화 환경에서 적응적인 객체 인식을 위한 계층적 트리 구조를 이용한 조명 온톨로지 분류에 대한 방식을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 상황이 불변하는 환경에서 동작하는 개발된 많은 시스템을 찾아냈고, 상황에 맞는 감지를 위한 새로운 개념의 트리 구조를 이용한 온톨로지를 도입하였다. 조명의 영향이 상황 인지 인식시스템을 아주 설계하기 어려운 시스템으로 만들기 때문에 본 논문에서는 트리 구조의 온톨로지를 사용하여 이러한 상황 변화 시스템을 설계하는데 더 중점을 두었다. 온톨로지는 일반적으로 사람들이 특정 분야의 것들에 대해 생각하는 방법의 추상적 모델에서 전형적으로 캡처된 한 분야의 개념화의 명시적 사양으로 정의 할 수 있다. 인간은 기본 원칙과 환경을 이해하고 설명하기 위해 온톨로지를 생성한다. 본 연구에서는 상황 온톨로지, 상황 모델링, 상황 적응 및 조명 기준에 따라 트리 구조 온톨로지를 설계하는 상황 분류를 제안했다. 조명 온톨로지의 적당한 영역을 선택한 후, 그 영역에서 더 나은 성능을 생산하는 동작의 한 집합을 선택하는데 있어서 장점을 얻었다. 본 논문에서는 역동적인 변화 환경에서 객체 인식의 영역에서 이러한 개념을 이용하여 폭 넓은 실험을 수행하였으며 제안하는 기본 개념에 대해 수행할 수 있는 많은 성공을 얻었다.