• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.1146-1165
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• 2013

Collaborative awareness between persons with various smart multimedia devices is a new trend in the Internet of Things (IoT). Because of the mobility, randomness, and complexity of persons, it is difficult to achieve complete data awareness and data transmission in IoT. Therefore, research must be conducted on mobile-aware service models. In this work, we first discuss and quantify the social relationships of mobile nodes from multiple perspectives based on a summary of social characteristics. We then define various decision factors (DFs). Next, we construct a directed and weighted community by analyzing the activity patterns of mobile nodes. Finally, a mobile-aware service routing algorithm (MSRA) is proposed to determine appropriate service nodes through a trusted chain and optimal path tree. The simulation results indicate that the model has superior dynamic adaptability and service discovery efficiency compared to the existing models. The mobile-aware service model could be used to improve date acquisition techniques and the quality of mobile-aware service in the IoT.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare ankle function between adults with and without Down syndrome (DS). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten adults with DS and 18 without participated in this study and underwent manual muscle test (MMT), range of motion (ROM) assessment, star excursion balance test (SEBT), and functional movement screen (FMS). The tests were demonstrated to increase their accuracy and the actual measurements were assessed after one or two demonstrations. To minimize the standby time and fatigue, the travelled distance and measuring order were adjusted. To remove the influence of shoes on the measurements, the shoes were taken off and only socks were worn. Results: Dorsal and plantar flexion MMTs of both ankles were significantly weaker and plantar flexion ROM of both ankles were significantly lower in adults with DS compared with those without (p<0.05). However, dorsal flexion ROM of both ankles were not significantly different between them. There were significant differences in distances measured in all the directions (anterior, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posterior, posteromedial, medial, and anteromedial directions) of SEBT (p<0.05). Significant differences were also demonstrated in the scores of hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, and rotary stability among the seven items of FMS (p<0.05). Conclusions: To enhance the dynamic stability of adults with DS, it is necessary to improve ankle stability by strengthening the ankle dorsal and plantar flexors.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

Walking is not only an essential component of the human mobility, but also is a good exercise. Inability to walk freely can reduce an individual's quality of life and independence substantially. Being a relatively low impact activity, walking is particularly good for the elderly and research has shown that regular walking in the elderly reduces the chance of fall-related injuries and mental diseases as well. In spite of the documented benefits of regular walking, it is still difficult to walk without the aid of assistive devices for the frail elderly who have lower extremity problems. Assistive walking devices(AWD), such as crutches, canes, hiking-poles, T-Poles and walkers, are often prescribed to the elderly to make their walking be safe and efficient. Many researchers have demonstrated the effects of AWDs such as reducing lower extremity loading, improved dynamic/gait stability, yet, no study has been done for gait pattern when the elderly gait with AWDs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether T-Poles, one of the AWDs, change the elderly gait pattern. Eight community-dwelling female elderly participated in this study. Laboratory kinematics during walking with T-Poles(PW) and with out T-Poles(NPW) was assessed. PW showed significant increase in step width, stride length, gait velocity and decrease in swing time. No significances were found in lower body joint angles but meaningful trend and pattern were found. Maybe the reason was due to the participants. Our participants were healthy enough so that the effect of T-Poles was minimum. PW also showed typical gait phases which are no single support phase during a gait cycle. It indicates that walking with T-Poles may guarantee safe and confident walking to the frail elderly.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권7호
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• pp.1329-1345
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• 2011

After the 9.11 terror attack, lawful Interception (LI) has emerged as an important tool for anti-terrorist activity. Law enforcement agents and administrative government bodies effectively monitor suspicious target users of permanent IP-based network devices by LI in Packet Data Networks (PDNs). However, it is difficult to perform LI in monitoring migrating users from a location to another, who change their IPs due to the proliferation of portable Internet devices enabling 3G IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS). The existing, manual handover technique in 3G IMS makes it even more difficult to continue the LI activities due to time-lag reissuance of LI authority warrants when the target users move to a new LI jurisdiction via a roaming service. Our proposed model is a seamless LI handover mechanism in 3G IMS to support mobility detection of the target users. The LI warrants are transferred to the new LI agent automatically with the target users when they move to a new LI jurisdiction. Thus, time-lag human intervention of reissuance of the LI warrants is removed and enables the LI authorities to continue monitoring. In the simulation of our proposed mechanism, the quality of lawful interception achieves a mean score of over 97.5% out of the possible 100% maximum score, whereas the quality of the existing mechanism has a mean score of 22.725%.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2003

Nervous system is clinically important, and involved in most disorders directly or indirectly. It could be injury and be a source of symptoms. Injury of central or peripheral nervous system injury may affect that mechanism and interrupt normal function. An understanding of the concepts of axonal transport is important for physical therapist who treat injury of nerves. Three connective tissue layers are the endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium. Each has its own special structural characteristics and functional properties. The blood supply to the nervous system is well equipped in all dynamic and static postures with intrinsic and extrinsic vasculation. After nerve injury, alternations in the ionic compression or pressures within this environment may interfere with blood flow and, consequently conduction and the flow of axoplasm. The cytoskeleton are not static. On the contrary, elements of the cytoskeleton are dynamically regulated and are very likely in continual motion. It permits neural mobility. There are different axonal transport systems within a single axon, of which two main flows have been identified : First, anterograde transport system, Secondly, retrograde transport system. The nervous system adapts lengthening in two basic ways. The one is that the development of tension or increased pressure within the tissues, increased intradural pressure. The other is movements that are gross movement and movement occurring intraneurally between the connective tissues and the neural tissues. In this article, we emphasize the biologic aspects of nervous system that influenced by therapeutic approaches. Although identified scientific information in basic science is utilized at clinic, we would attain the more therapeutic effects and develop the physical therapy science.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.3502-3509
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• 2010

무선 모바일 네트워크 환경에서 스트리밍 서비스는 불확실한 동적 채널 속성으로 인하여 매우 중요한 이슈가 되고 있다. 특히 혼잡, 지연, 지터 등과 같은 오버헤드는 적응형 멀티-레벨 스트리밍 서비스의 성능 저하를 가져오고 있다. 본 논문에서는 무선 모바일 네트워크상에서의 가변 대역폭, 이동성 자원 제약 등으로 인한 성능 저하를 줄이기 위하여 AMSS 메카니즘을 제안한다. 제안된 AMSS는 다음과 같은 목적을 두고서 스트리밍 서비스를 최적화하는데 있다. 1) 퍼지 유사도 척도 이용, 2) 버퍼 오버플로우와 자원 소모로 인한 패킷 손실 최소화, 3) 혼잡과 지연으로 인한 패킷 손실 최소화. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 기법이 기존의 TCP-기반 기법, UDP-기반 기법, 그리고 VBM-기반 기법에 비해서 혼잡 제어와 패킷 손실율의 성능이 더 우수함을 보인다. 제안된 기법은 성능이 우수한 VBM-기반 기법과 비교해 볼 때 혼잡 제어율은 10%, 그리고 패킷 손실율은 8%의 성능 향상을 보였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제16C권4호
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• pp.535-542
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• 2009

무선센서네트워크는, 다수의 센서노드가 넓은 지역에 배치되어 자신의 전원에 의해 동작하고 다른 센서노드와 협력하여 환경검침 또는 물리량 검침을 수행하는 무선네트워크로 정의한다. 각각의 센서노드들은 자신의 배터리전원소모를 최소화하여, 장기간 사용할 수 있어야 하며, 센서 노드를 적절하게 배치하여 전체 네트워크 커버리지를 제공할 수 있어야 무선센서네트워크의 수명을 늘일 수 있다. 초기 센서노드의 배치로는 센서들의 배터리 수명 등의 이유로 제약이 있으며, 모바일센서노드는 센서가 이동하여 새로운 커버리지를 제공함으로써, 이러한 제약조건을 완화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 perimeter coverage property를 만족하는 모바일 센서들의 단계적인 이동을 통한 커버리지 제공기법을 제안한다. 각각의 모바일 센서노드들은 이웃한 센서노드들이 dead 노드인지 판단하게 되며, dead 노드인 경우, 센서네트워크의 커버리지 hole을 만드는지 여부를 판단한 후, 각각의 모바일 센서노드들은 hole의 중심점을 계산하고, 관련된 센서노드들이 협동하여, 단계적으로이동하여, 최종 hole을 커버하는 새로운 센서네트워크를 형성하게 된다. 본 제안기법을 시뮬레이션하여 DCM 기법과 비교한 결과, 에너지 효율을 결정하는 전체 움직임거리 측면에서 최소 50% 이상의 성능향상을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제15B권5호
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• pp.465-476
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• 2008

이질성, 이동성, 가변성 등의 특징을 갖는 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 환경에서 사용자의 의도에 맞도록 자율적이고 동적인 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는, 실시간의 상황을 고려하여 목적 달성에 필요한 서비스들을 합성할 수 있는 기법과, 이를 가능케 하는 효과적인 서비스 기술 및 관리 방법이 전제되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는, 도메인 내의 서비스를 추출하여 서비스 온톨로지로 구조화하는 메커니즘을 제안한다. 추출된 서비스는 제안한 서비스 규격에 따라 기술되고 온톨로지 내에서 계층적인 구조를 이루게 된다. 이를 근간으로 사용자는 다양한 추상화 레벨의 서비스를 사용하여 목표를 기술할 수 있고, 서비스 오버로딩 기법을 통해 실행 시에 가장 적합한 서비스가 선택된다. 또한, 요청한 서비스가 유효하지 않은 경우에도 서비스 온톨로지를 참조하여 대체 서비스를 찾을 수 있는 합성 방법을 제안한다. 구축한 서비스 온톨로지에 대한 실험 결과, 비구 조화된 서비스 리스트를 사용하는 것보다, 서비스 온톨로지를 사용함으로써 사용자의 목적 달성 성공률을 높일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 서비스의 바인딩 시간도 감소시킬 수 있음을 보였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.778-791
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• 2005

A novel pneumatic artificial muscle actuator (PAM actuator), which has achieved increased popularity to provide the advantages such as high strength and high power/weight ratio, low cost, compactness, ease of maintenance, cleanliness, readily available and cheap power source, inherent safety and mobility assistance to humans performing tasks, has been regarded during the recent decades as an interesting alternative to hydraulic and electric actuators. However, some limitations still exist, such as the air compressibility and the lack of damping ability of the actuator bring the dynamic delay of the pressure response and cause the oscillatory motion. Then it is not easy to realize the performance of transient response of pneumatic artificial muscle manipulator (PAM manipulator) due to the changes in the external inertia load with high speed. In order to realize satisfactory control performance, a variable damper-Magneto­Rheological Brake (MRB), is equipped to the joint of the manipulator. Superb mixture of conventional PID controller and a phase plane switching control method brings us a novel controller. This proposed controller is appropriate for a kind of plants with nonlinearity, uncertainties and disturbances. The experiments were carried out in practical PAM manipulator and the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm was demonstrated through experiments, which had proved that the stability of the manipulator can be improved greatly in a high gain control by using MRB with phase plane switching control method and without regard for the changes of external inertia loads.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2013

Since the demand for new military vehicle to fulfill the necessary conditions such as multi-purpose, high-mobility, and survivability has raised continuously from the army, the prototype of a Korean light tactical vehicle was developed to meet these requirements using our own technology. In particular, the new tactical vehicle was equipped with a double wishbone independent suspension to improve ride and handling and maximize off-road driving performance. In this paper, a comprehensive virtual durability process to evaluate the service life of the prototype is presented. A reliability of the trimmed body model based on CATIA data was verified by comparison result between mode analysis and modal test. The dynamic model was constructed using ADAMS/Car, and then the weight distribution and lateral slope driving performance of it were compared with the results of static weight and lateral slope tests. The validity of the VTL(Virtual Test Lab) was checked with test results from the 3-inch spaced impact road. The durability performances of trimmed body and suspension components were evaluated through MSM(Modal Superposition Method) fatigue analysis. It is shown that the virtual durability process could be a helpful tool to find out the weak areas and improve their structures in developing new military vehicle.