• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2012

A river boundary is defined as the intersection between a main stream of a river and the land. Mapping of the river boundary is important for the protection of the properties in river areas, the prevention of flooding and the monitoring of the topographic changes in river areas. However, the utilization of the ground surveying technologies is not efficient for the mapping of the river boundary due to the irregular surfaces of river zones and the dynamic changes of water level of a river stream. Recently, the spatial information data sets such as the airborne LiDAR and aerial images are widely used for coastal mapping due to the acquisition of the topographic information without human accessibility. Due to these advantages, this research proposes a semi-automatic method for mapping of the river boundary using the spatial information data set such as the airborne LiDAR and the aerial photographs. Multiple image processing technologies such as the image segmentation algorithm and the edge detection algorithm are applied for the generation of the 3D river boundary using the aerial photographs and airborne topographic LiDAR data. Check points determined by the experienced expert are used for the measurement of the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the generated 3D river boundary. Statistical results show that the generated river boundary has a high accuracy in horizontal and vertical direction.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.105-115
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• 2011

In Vision-based Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) the segmentation of road region is a very basic functionality. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a region segmentation method using adaptive pattern extraction technique to segment road regions and sky regions from original images. The proposed method consists of three steps; firstly we perform the initial segmentation using Mean Shift algorithm, the second step is the candidate region selection based on a static-pattern matching technique and the third is the region growing step based on a dynamic-pattern matching technique. The proposed method is able to get more reliable results than the classic region segmentation methods which are based on existing split and merge strategy. The reason for the better results is because we use adaptive patterns extracted from neighboring regions of the current segmented regions to measure the region homogeneity. To evaluate advantages of the proposed method, we compared our method with the classical pattern matching method using static-patterns. In the experiments, the proposed method was proved that the better performance of 8.12% was achieved when we used adaptive patterns instead of static-patterns. We expect that the proposed method can segment road and sky areas in the various road condition in stable, and take an important role in the vision-based ITS applications.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-184
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• 2011

This article is aimed at understanding the political narratives represented in the National Museum of Indonesia. Starting initially as a colonial museum, the National Museum of Indonesia functioned as a useful tool for the Dutch colonial force to fuel its imaginations of the colonial territory and the people within it. The Dutch used the cultural display to advertize its benevolent colonial rule. All the while, the museum also inevitably reflected orientalism on the people and the culture of the colony. The republic of Indonesia inherited the colonial museum's practices and its display patterns. The business surrounding the museum also played a key role in the newly-born nation-state laying out a future for its redefined territory and people. Thus, what the colonial force imagined for the colonial territory through the study of museum displays was rather directly transferred to the republic without serious consideration of the decolonization process. Four main characteristics have been seen in the museum displays. The first is an emphasis on the glorious Hindu-Buddha history, from which numerous temples, statues, and jewelry have been found. Secondly, the Islamic period, which spanned between the Hindu-Buddha times to the colonial era, has almost completely been eliminated from the display. Third, the colonial era has been depicted as the time of Europe's exportation of scientific tools and adaption of sophisticated living patterns. Fourth, the images of ethnic groups were represented as being stagnant without reflecting any challenges and responses that these groups had faced throughout history. Looking at these display patterns, it can be concluded that all the dynamic internal developments and anti-colonial resistance that took place during the Islamic and Colonial Era have simply not been represented in the museum display. These display patterns do not reflect the real history or culture of the archipelago. Two considerations are thought to have influenced the neglecting of social realities in the display. The first of which is the Dutch's and Republic's apprehension over the possible political upheaval by the Islamic forces. Yet, more fundamentally, cultural displays themselves are distinct from historical education in that the former pays more attention to business ideas with an aim to attract tourists rather than to project objective historical knowledge. Thus, in cultural displays, objects which work to stimulate fantasies and spur curiosity on archipelagic culture tend to be selected and emphasized. In this process, historical objectivity is sometimes considered less vital. Cultural displays are set up to create more appealing narratives for viewers. Therefore, if a narrative loses its luster, it will be replaced by another flashy and newly-resurrected memory. This fact reveals that museums, as transmitters of historical knowledge, have a certain degree of limitation in playing their role.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.509-515
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• 2021

In this study, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (PNP) were prepared through double (w/o/w) emlusion and emulsifying solvent-evaporation technique using PLGA, which has biocompatibility and biodegradability. To maximize stability and bioavailability of the particles, chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles (CPNP) were prepared by charge interaction between PNP and chitosan. We demonstrated that CPNP can be utilized as a drug carrier of oral administration. The chemical structure of CPNP was analyzed by ¹H-NMR and FT-IR, and all characteristic peaks appeared, confirming that it was successfully prepared. In addition, particle size and zeta potential of CPNP were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) while morphological images were obtained using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thermal decomposition behavior of CPNP was observed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, the cytotoxicity of CPNP was confirmed by MTT assay at HEK293 and L929 cell lines, and it was proved that there is no toxicity confirmed by the cell viability of above 70% at all concentrations. These results suggest that the CPNP developed in this study may be used as an oral drug delivery carrier.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.41
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• pp.45-59
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• 2019

The characters that could be connected to diverse cultural contents have formed diverse platforms with the development of digital technology, and the size of the relevant industry and market is rapidly growing. Recently, the utilization of character emoticons for smartphone messenger has been rapidly increased, so that the characters are settled down as a tool for non-verbal communication, on top of drawing attention as an independent area. With the expansion of character market, the importance of design that could give interest and familiarity to consumers is more emphasized. The body proportion of characters includes the implicative and symbolic meanings that could express diverse personalities. Thus, this study examined the body proportion of the characters with the high consumers' preference, and then analyzed the characteristics of formative elements of character design in accordance with the body proportion. In the results of the analysis, the exaggerated form of SD characters in two or three-head figure, and the realistic Real characters in seven or eight-head figure were preferred. For the SD characters, the colors with a high chroma showing the cute and cheerful image were used. For the Real characters, the cubic effect was expressed through the colors with active images and the light and shade of color. Even though the SD characters have limited motions due to the omitted body parts, the facial movements of animation characters are exaggerated while the Real characters describe the realistic and dynamic motions.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.223-230
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• 2019

This paper aims to derive the specificity of film music of Baz Luhrmann, a Hollywood film director, focusing on his representative works such as Dancing Heroes, Romeo and Juliet, and Moulin Rouge. Frist, Dancing Heroes captures various dance music genres through dynamic shooting techniques and shows trendy sensibility by using the main theme song 'Time after Time,' sung by the main character, Tina. Second, Romeo and Juliet, the original work of Shakespeare, keeps thier lines and stories while decorating gorgeous fashion and rock music in jukebox style. Also, it is harmonized with the most modern and trendy MTV-style video. Third, Moulin Rouge presents film music through the 'mix and match' method, which consists of jukebox-type trendy songs containing classical back stage musical and Bollywood musical images. In conclusion, the style of Baz Luhrmann has been reborn as a unique way of directing Buz Luhrmann's film music that it is expressed by connecting various juke box style music with amazing visual effect. Through director's style, it is possible to suggest the direction of various film music to the industries.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.367-371
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• 1996

The $MAG_3$ is a tubular excreting radiopharmaceutical for renal image. We synthesized benzoyl $MAG_3\;(Bz-MAG_3)$ and made a kit for labeling with $^{99m}Tc$. We checked the labeling efficieny of $^{99m}Tc$ labeled $MAG_3$ and biodistribution. Labeling efficieny was checked by TLC-SG (acetonitrile/$H_2O$=2/1). After injecting of 1 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ to ICR-mice, $T_{max}(min),\;T_{1/2}(min)$ were obtained in the renogram. Sequential images (30sec, 2min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min) of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ were compared with those of commercial $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Co.) kit. 1) The $R_f$ value of synthesized $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ was 0.78 and labeling efficiency was $97.5{\pm}1.9%$ (n=10). 2) The dynamic images of the $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ were better than those of the $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA. 3) The $T_{max}(min.)$ and $T_{1/2}(min.)$ of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ (n=10) were $1.5{\pm}0.5$ (left), $1.4{\pm}0.4$ (right), and $4.3{\pm}1.4$ (left), $4.8{\pm}2.0$ (right), respectively. The $T_{max}(min.)$ and $T_{1/2}(min.)$ of $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (n=7) were $2.7{\pm}1.6$ (left), $2.7{\pm}1.6$ (right), and $3.8{\pm}1.7$ (left), $4.5{\pm}2.7$ (right), respectively. The quaility of image and labeling efficiency of the synthesized $Bz-MAG_3$ kit were excellent, that it was supposed to be used in routine clinical work.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

In this study, we quantify the residual motion artifact in 4D-CT scan using the dynamic lung phantom which could simulate respiratory target motion and suggest a simple one-dimension theoretical model to explain and characterize the source of motion artifacts in 4DCT scanning. We set-up regular 1D sine motion and adjusted three level of amplitude (10, 20, 30 mm) with fixed period (4s). The 4DCT scans are acquired in helical mode and phase information provided by the belt type respiratory monitoring system. The images were sorted into ten phase bins ranging from 0% to 90%. The reconstructed images were subsequently imported into the Treatment Planning System (CorePLAN, SC&J) for target delineation using a fixed contour window and dimensions of the three targets are measured along the direction of motion. Target dimension of each phase image have same changing trend. The error is minimum at 50% phase in all case (10, 20, 30 mm) and we found that ${\Delta}S$ (target dimension change) of 10, 20 and 30 mm amplitude were 0 (0%), 0.1 (5%), 0.1 (5%) cm respectively compare to the static image of target diameter (2 cm). while the error is maximum at 30% and 80% phase ${\Delta}S$ of 10, 20 and 30 mm amplitude were 0.2 (10%), 0.7 (35%), 0.9 (45%) cm respectively. Based on these result, we try to analysis the residual motion artifact in 4D-CT scan using a simple one-dimension theoretical model and also we developed a simulation program. Our results explain the effect of residual motion on each phase target displacement and also shown that residual motion artifact was affected that the target velocity at each phase. In this study, we focus on provides a more intuitive understanding about the residual motion artifact and try to explain the relationship motion parameters of the scanner, treatment couch and tumor. In conclusion, our results could help to decide the appropriate reconstruction phase and CT parameters which reduce the residual motion artifact in 4DCT.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2006

Magnetization Transfer (MT) imaging generates contrast dependent on the phenomenon of magnetization exchange between free water proton and restricted proton in macromolecules. In biological materials in knee, MT or cross-relaxation is commonly modeled using two spin pools identified by their different T2 relaxation times. Two models for cross-relaxation emphasize the role of proton chemical exchange between protons of water and exchangeable protons on macromolecules, as well as through dipole-dipole interaction between the water and macromolecule protons. The most essential tool in medical image manipulation is the ability to adjust the contrast and intensity. Thus, it is desirable to adjust the contrast and intensity of an image interactively in the real time. The proton density (PD) and T2-weighted SE MR images allow the depiction of knee structures and can demonstrate defects and gross morphologic changes. The PD- and T2-weighted images also show the cartilage internal pathology due to the more intermediate signal of the knee joint in these sequences. Suppression of fat extends the dynamic range of tissue contrast, removes chemical shift artifacts, and decreases motion-related ghost artifacts. Like fat saturation, phase sensitive methods are also based on the difference in precession frequencies of water and fat. In this study, phase sensitive methods look at the phase difference that is accumulated in time as a result of Larmor frequency differences rather than using this difference directly. Although how MT work was given with clinical evidence that leads to quantitative model for MT in tissues, the mathematical formalism used to describe the MT effect applies to explaining to evaluate knee disorder, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and meniscal tear. Calculation of the effect of the effect of the MT saturation is given in the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) which is a quantitative measure of the relative decrease in signal intensity due to the MT pulse.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2008

Purpose: Chronic pulmonary disease may be caused by aspiration of gastric contents secondary to gastroesophageal reflux. At present, there is no gold standard for documenting pulmonary aspiration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of radionuclide scintigraphy in the detection of gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration. Methods: Thirty-five patients with suspected aspiration pneumonia, and five normal control subjects, were included in the study. All subjects underwent gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy after the ingestion of a $^{99m}Tc$-tin colloid mixture. Dynamic images to detect gastroesophageal reflux were obtained for 1 hour. Additional static images of the chest, to detect lung aspiration, were obtained at 6 and 24 hours after oral ingestion of the tin colloid. In addition to visual analysis, pulmonary aspiration was quantitated by counting the number of pixels labeled with radioactive isotope in the region of interest (ROI) of both lung fields. Aspiration index (AI) was obtained by subtracting the pixel counts of the background from the pixel counts of the ROI. Results: Among 35 patients with suspected aspiration pneumonia, 23 proved to have gastroesophageal reflux by scintigraphy. One patient showed definite pulmonary accumulation of activity by visual analysis of the 6-hour image. Thirty of 35 (85.7%) patients showed higher AI beyond the upper limit of AI in the healthy controls. When we compared the reflux group with the non-reflux group, there was a significantly higher AI at 6 hours in the reflux group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that radionuclide scintigraphy is useful in detecting small pulmonary aspiration in patients with suspected aspiration pneumonia secondary to reflux.