• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2010

Nanostructured metal oxides have been widely used in the research fields of photoelectrochemistry, photochemistry and opto-electronics. Dye-sensitized solar cell is a typical example because it is based on nanostructured $TiO_2$. Since the discovery of dye-sensitized solar cell in 1991, it has been considered as a promising photovoltaic solar cell because of low-cost, colorful and semitransparent characteristics. Unlike p-n junction type solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell is photoelectrochemical type and is usually composed of the dye-adsorbed nanocrystalline metal oxide, the iodide/tri-iodide redox electrolyte and the Pt and/or carbon counter electrode. Among the studied issues to improve efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell, nanoengineering technologies of metal oxide particle and film have been reviewed in terms of improving optical property, electron transport and electron life time.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

Tencel fabric cationized with chitosan can be effectively dyed with anionic dyes. To investigate the change of dyeing properties of cationized Tencel fabric, some experiments were performed under the several dyeing conditions with acid and reactive dyes. Whiteness index decreased with the increment of crosslinking agent concentration. The cationized Tencel fabric was dyed well by anionic dye such as acid dye, the dyeability of reactive dye was improved by addition of a little salt without alkali. The dye fixation on the cationized Tencel fabric was increased with chitosan concentration without electrolyte and alkali. The dyeability of Tencel treated with chitosan was better than controlled Tencel, especially under the acidic conditions. According to the number and the types of functional group of reactive dyes, dye affinity of the modified Tencel fabric varied and wash fastness of acid dye was better than reactive dye.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2011

In this article, we synthesized an azo dye rotaxane containing bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) group and its polymeric metal complex with zinc. The azo dye rotaxane exhibits high pH sensitivity, solvatochromism and zinc (II) ion sensings in aqueous solution. These behaviors came from the tautomeric equilibrium between azo-hydrazone tautomers and the formation of extended conjugation. The structure of polymeric zinc complexed dye rotaxane was confirmed with NMR and FT-IR measurements. The existence of CD rings, provided by dye rotaxane formation, was found to be very beneficial in improving aqueous solubility of polymeric metal complex.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2012

One of organic dye materials which have been long lasting investigated is rhodamine 6G dye series. This dye has been attracted with considerable interests due to the reason of its promising photochemical properties. In this study, a novel fluorescent dye compound based on rhodamine 6G derivative was synthesized through the reaction of rhodamine 6G hydrazide and indole-3-carboxaldehdyde. Absorption and fluorescent emission spectra of this dye were determined with the properties of solvatofluorochromism. Related electron energy states of the dye compound were also characterized by computational calculations.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1989

The effect of organic solvent in the dyeing of silk fiber by acid dye was investigated. Acetophenone and benzyl alcohol were shown to be the most effective for the rate of dyeing of silk fiber by Milling Cyanine 5R (C.I. Acid Blue 113), a milling type acid dye, but, with benzyl alcohol, the equilibrium dye uptake was much lower than that in the absence of it. In the presence of solvent, maximum dye uptake shifted to lower temperature than 6$0^{\circ}C$, while without solvent, it was shown at about $60^\circ{C}$. When dyed by Orange II (C.I. acid Orange 7) under same condition equilibrium dye uptake of silk fiber was lower than that for milling type acid dye, and in the presence of benzyl alcohol, still much lower uptake resulted. All these fact reveals that organic solvents in the solvent-assisted dyeing of silk fiber broaden micelle spacings too much, resulting in increased rate of dyeing, and decreased equilibrium dye uptake, contrary to wool.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-65
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• 2002

Morphology of polyester fiber was physically modified by solvent treatment. PET fiber was treated with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 100, 120, $140^{circ}C$ for 10 minutes without tension. The structural changes in the morphology of DMF-induced modified PET fiber were FTIR and SEM analysis. Also dyeing behavior of DMF-treated polyester fibers with various disperse dyes was studied to detect changes of amorphous area in fine structure. DMF treatment resulted in increases in total void content, degree of crystallinity, trans isomer content, chain folding, segmental mobility and molecular packing, but it resulted in decreases in amorphous orientation, intermolecular forces and individual void size through longitudinal shrinkage, lateral welling and removal of oligomers. Void-size distribution could be estimated from the dye uptake with various sizes of disperse dyes. In contrast to the large increases in dye uptake with small dye molecules, there is no and little dye uptake with the bulkiest dye, which means that void size is bigger or smaller than the volume of each dye. Diffusion rates of dye molecules showed increases. This dyeing study revealed that the disperse dyeing is very effective method for characterizing the internal morphology of polyester fiber.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.18-28
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• 1998

in order to overcome disadvantage of the conventional two bath dyeing method of polyester/cotton blends, it had prompted significant effort to the development of the one bath dyeing method which can accomplish sayings in time, energy and water usage. Also, when dyeing polyester/cotton blends by the one bath dyeing method, the high salt concentrations needed for the reactive dye can cause particles of disperse dye, used for the polyester component, to aggregate. A supplementary problem that can occasionally be happened is the change of hue that occurs on dyed polyester in an alkaline dyebath. To improve dyeing property of polyester/cotton blends, cotton component was pretreated with epichlolohydrine-trimethylamine hydrochloride in aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to produce a cationized cotton that can be dyed under neutral conditions with reactive dye in a non-electrolytic or il little electrolytic dyebath. The one bath dyeing method of polyester/cationized cotton blends with disperse dye/reactive dye mixture resulted in a satisfactory dyeing property and color yield in comparison with ordinary two bath dyeing method.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 1990

To examine the microleakage of posterior esthetic restorative materials, using 2% methylene blue dye solution, dye penetration was determined with 80 permanent posterior teeth after thermocycling. The following results were obtained. 1. Amalgam group showed the most severe dye penetration of all test groups through the enamel and dentin / cementum margins. 2. Clearfil group showed much more dye penetration than P-50 at the enamel margin and than resin inlay system at the dentin / cementum margin. 3. Through the etched enamel margin, P-50 and resin inlay system groups showed no dye penetration, if any, but through the dentin / cementum margin, all test groups showed dye penetration. 4. Resin inlay system showed the least dye penetration of all test groups through the dentin / cementum margin.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.248-255
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• 2000

Polyester fibers and fabrics have been dyed with disperse dyes in alkaline dyebath such as alkaline buffer and alkaline auxiliary(JPH-95) comparing a traditional acidic dyeing. After dyeing the samples were extracted with 100% DMF, and washing and rubbing fastnesses were measured. In dyeing at $100^\circ{C}$ the dyeing rate increased with decreasing fiber denier, regardless of dye baths, whereas the dyeing rates of the same denier fiber increased in the order of alkaline dyeing>acidic dyeing>JPH-95 dyeing. In dyeing at $130^\circ{C}$ the dyeing rate of PET fiber in JPH-95 dye bath decreased compared with the other two types of dye baths. In the time and temperature curve the dye uptake of JPH-95 dyeing was higher than the other two types of dye baths in the range of low temperature$(95~115^\circ{C})$. The equilibrium dye uptake increased in the order of 0.52d>2.04d>0.05d fiber. Washing fastness had no change in all three types of dye baths. But rubbing fastness was not good for alkaline dyeing except black dyes.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

This study was carried out to elucidate the relationship between wood anatomy and the water flow path in P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis. through the experiment of penetration of the dye solution. The experiment was performed by permeating 1% acid, alkali and direct solution into the xylem just after being cut. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. In P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis, the dye solution penetrated into sapwood and annual rings adjacent to cambial zone were only dyed according to ascent of tree height. 2. The penetrability of latewood was better than that of earlywood. 3. In P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis, the main water flow path in longitudinal direction was the trachied and that in transverse direction was ray trachied and ray parenchyma. Also, the dye solution was found in resin canal. 4. P. koraiensis was more permeable than L. leptolepis. 5. Among the acid, alkali and direct dye solution, the acid dye solution was the most permeable.