• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2004

고선량률 후 장착 근접치료 과정에서의 필수적인 정도 관리(QA) 과정은 Ir-192 선원 위치의 정확성을 검증하는 것이다. 눈금자나 방사선 사진(autoradiograph), 비디오 모니터(video monitor) 등을 이용한 여러 방법들이 Ir-192 선원의 위치적인 오차를 점검하기 위해 사용됨이 보고되고 있다. 본 논문에서는, fluorescent screen 과 CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) PC 카메라를 이용하는 방법을 새로운 고선량률 근접치료의 정도 관리 (QA) 도구로 사용할 수 있는 가능성에 대해 연구하였다. 계획된 dwell position 과 그 측정값은 1 mm 이내에서 일치함을 보였고, dwell time의 정확성은 0.4초 이내였다. 이번 연구의 결과는 CMOS PC 카메라를 사용하여 새롭게 제작된 정도 관리(QA) 시스템이 선원의 위치와 dwell time점검이 실시간으로 가능한 정도 관리(QA) 도구로 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2017

열차 정차시간 증가는 열차 서비스 빈도를 감소시켜 열차와 승강장의 혼잡이 발생하게 된다. 그러므로 열차 정차시간(Train dwell time)에 관한 연구는 열차 운행 계획수립 관점에서 매우 중요하게 다루어 왔다. 본 논문은 계획된 정차시간을 준수할 수 있도록 승객의 유입을 관리하여 승강장 혼잡을 줄일 수 있는 전략들에 활용할 수 있는 실시간 열차 정차시간 예측모형을 개발하였다. 모형의 특징은 실시간으로 수집 가능한 승차인원, 하차인원, 그리고 열차의 중량 등 3가지 독립변수를 적용하였고, 모형의 설명력(${\bar{R^2}}=0.809$)이 대체적으로 정확한 결과를 보여주었다. 실시간 정차시간 모형은 열차가 계획된 정차시간을 준수하도록 승차 승객 수를 조정하는 게이트 미터링 전략에 활용될 수 있다.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

In order to achieve a comprehensive utilization of railway networks, it is necessary to accurately assess the timetable indicators that effect the train operation. This paper describes the parameter calibration for two timetable indicators: scheduled running time and scheduled dwell time. For the scheduled running time, an existing model is employed and the single timetable parameter (percentage of minimum running time) in that model is optimized. For the scheduled dwell time, two intrinsic characteristics: the significance of stations and the average headway at each station are proposed firstly to form a new model, and the corresponding timetable parameters (the weight of the significance and the weight of the average headway) are calibrated subsequently. The Floyd Algorithm is used to obtain the connectivity among stations, which represents the significance of the stations. A case study is conducted in a light rail transportation system with 17 underground stations. The results of this research show that the optimal value of the scheduled running time parameter can be automatically determined, and the proposed model for the scheduled dwell time works well with a high coefficient of determination and low relative root mean square error through the leave-one-out validation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.3176-3180
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• 2022

A gamma irradiator is a well-developed installation for gamma radiation sterilization. A "shuffle-dwell" mode is preferable for high dose applications. A novel configuration of a shuffle-dwell gamma irradiator is proposed to increase energy utilization and throughput, which would result in higher profitability. While the minimum distance between any irradiation position and each source pencil, the minimum distance between the neighboring irradiation positions and the size of source pencils are kept the same as the current configuration, the irradiation positions and source pencils are rearranged based on the fact that radiation is emitted in an isotropic fashion. The computational results suggest that the proposed configuration requires an 8.7% smaller area and exposes the product to 11.8% more gamma radiation in a 10.7% shorter irradiation time. In other words, the proposed configuration needs a smaller area and shorter irradiation time to have a better performance compared to the current shuffle-dwell gamma irradiator. Note that the claim is based primarily on an analytical calculation. Experimental and manufacturing among other practical considerations will be taken into account in the future work to exhaustively evaluate the performance of the proposed configuration and to compare it with that of the traditional configuration.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2016

Shuttle-Based Storage/Retrieval System (SBS/RS) is relatively new to industry. The system is in the category of Automated Storage/Retrieval System (AS/RS), but it is different in that the SBS/RS uses shuttles as Storage/Retrieval (SR) machine instead using a stacker crane. The shuttles are assigned to each tier on multi-tier system and operated for pick-up or drop-off order. Since the system can handle multiple orders simultaneously, it can provide much higher throughput than that of general AS/RS with single stocker crane. Thus, this new system is well fit to recent tendency of increasing small quantity batch production and orders. One of the drawback of this system is that it needs a lot of investment to set up. The efficient operation of the system would be one of the critical matters to increase economic efficiency of capital investment. In this study, we focused on the dwell point policy for shuttles to find efficient way of operating the system. There are four basic policies for the dwell point and we had simulation-based experiment for two different scenarios based on the speed of the shuttle and inter-arrival time of the loads coming to the system combined with four different policies. As it was mentioned above, this SBS/RS relatively new to the field and there is no such experiment shown on previous research and the study of dwell point policy for this SBS/RS could provide the direct comparison of each policy with different hardware specification; the capability of the system. The policy that achieves most efficient operation among the given environment is proposed and the usability of the system is discussed.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermocycling on the shear bond strength of Co-Cr alloy to denture base resin. PMMA denture base resin such as heat-cured $Vertex-RS^{(R)}$, self-cured $Vertex-SC^{(R)}$ and 4-META denture base resin such as heat-cured $Meta-Dent^{(R)}$, self-cured $Meta-Fast^{(R)}$ was bonded to Co-Cr alloy. Samples were divided into 3 groups : no thermocycling group as control, thermocycling between $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ with 15 second dwell time as group 1, thermocycling with 1 minute dwell time as group 2. The shear bond strength was measured and the interface between metal and resin was observed by SEM. The results were as follows. 1. The shear bond strength decreased significantly according to thermocycling and dwell time(P<0.001). 2. The bond strength of Co-Cr alloy and 4-META denture base resin was significantly higher than that of Co-Cr alloy and PMMA denture base resin(P<0.001) 3. In SEM, there was no gap in control group, but there was much and large gap in group 1, 2. The longer dwell times, the lower bond strength. PMMA denture base resin had more gap than 4-META denture base resin in the interface. These results revealed that thermocycling decreased the bond strength between Co-Cr alloy and denture base resin and dwell time of thermocycling changed the effect of thermocycling. The results suggested that oral temperature change affect the bond strength of prosthesis.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2007

An automated guided vehicle (AGV) system is a group of collaborating unmanned vehicles which is commonly used for transporting materials within manufacturing, warehousing, or distribution systems. The performance of an AGV system depends on the dispatching rules used to assign vehicles to pickup requests, the vehicle routing protocols, and the home location of idle vehicles, which are called dwell points. In manufacturing and distribution environments which emphasize just-in-time principles, performance measures for material handling are based on response times for pickup requests and equipment utilization. In an AGV system, the response time for a pickup request is the time that it takes for the vehicle to travel from its dwell point to the pickup station. In this article, an exact dynamic programming algorithm for selecting dwell points in a tandem-loop multiple-vehicle AGV system is presented. The objective of the model is to minimize the maximum response time for all pickup requests in a given shift. The recursive algorithm considers time restrictions on the availability of vehicles during the shift.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.950-955
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• 2001

For the development of an ultra-precision CNC polishing system including on-machine measurement system, we study a corrective polishing algorithm. We analyze and test the unit removal profiles for a ball type polishing tool. Using these results we calculate dwell time distributions and residual errors for a target removal shape. We use the polishing simulation method and feed rate calculation method for the dwell time calculation. We test corrective polishing algorithm with an optical glass. The target removal shape is a sine wave that has amplitude 0.3 micro meters. We find this polishing process has a machining resolution of nanometer order and is effective for sub-micrometer order machining. This result will be used for the software development of the CNC polishing system.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2007

Focused Ion Beam(FIB) systems is a useful tool for the fabrication of micro-nano scale structures. In this study, the effects of FIB etching on the Au microstructure are systematically investigated. As the fabrication parameters, ion dose, dwell time and beam overlap ratio are studied. First, the increases of Ga ion dose makes the milling yield higher and the sidewall of milling profile steeper. Dwell time is found to have little effects on the milling profile due to the relatively large milling area of $1\times1{\mu}m^2$ used in this study. However, beam overlap significantly affects not only milling rate but also milling profile. As the beam overlap ratio changes from positive to negative, the development of regular cross-stripe patterns at the bottom with low milling rate is observed.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1701-1709
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• 1997

The diagnostic used to observe the early flame development was a fiber optic spark plug, which enabled measurement of the flame front arrival times on a cycle-to-cycle basis. The data obtained with this fiber optic spark plug were analyzed to obtain two parameters to describe the behavior of the flame kernel : an expansion speed and a convection velocity. In addition, synchronized cylinder pressure data were taken to compare with the fiber optic spark plug data on a cyclic basis. Heat release analysis was performed on the cylinder pressure data to obtain the mass burning profile of the charge for each cycle. There was a significant correlation observed in the initial flame duration and the kernel expansion speed with dwell angle.