• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2007

The present study investigated some phonetic attributes which distinguish two Korean stop types $^-aspirated$ and $lax^-$ in a prosodic position which has previously received little attention, namely medial in an accentual phrase. The intonational pattern across syllables which are initial in an accentual phrase (Jun, 1993) is said to depend on the type of stop (aspirated or lax), while that of syllables which are medial in an accentual phrase are not. In Experiment 1, nine native Korean speakers read sentences with a controlled prosodic pattern in which aspirated or lax stops occurred in accentual phrase-medial position. Acoustic analysis revealed significant differences between aspirated and lax stops in closure duration, voice-onset time, and fundamental frequency (F0) values for post-stop vowels. The results indicate that a wider range of acoustic cues distinguish aspirated and lax Korean stops than previously demonstrated. Phonetic and phonological models of consonant-tone interactions for Korean will need to be revised to account for these results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2010

Spasmodic dysphonia is a focal dystonia of the larynx and breathy voice is a typical sign of abductor spasmodic dysphonia. A group of patients with abductor spasmodic dysphonia have a number of acoustic characteristics including abnormal fundamental frequency fluctuations and abnormally long word duration. We report a abductor spasmodic dysphonia case have enlongated voice onset time voiceless consonants and breathy voice in wide band spectrogram. The patient have the acoustic characteristics only in telephone speaking at work time. We treated the patient with anticholinergic and anticonvulsant drug and supplementary voice therapy. The breathy voice and enlongated VOT were disappeared after those treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 1997

This paper aimed to study what the influences of orthodontic treatment of pronunciation are. We compared the duration and the acoustic wave patterns of Korean consonants pronounced by a control group with those of a patient who had his four premolars extracted and had been given orthodontic treatment The results were as follows : 1. Compared to the control group, the treatment group had a longer duration time of consonant pronunciation for all consonants but "ㅅ(s)" and "ㅌ($(t^h)$" in CV(consonant-vowel) pairs. Especially in the case of "ㅈ(dz)", "ㅆ$({\varphi}^h)$" for CV-pairs, and "ㄷ(d)" in VCV(vowel-consonant-vowel) clusters, the duration of consonant sound showed a sharp contrast between the control group and the treatment group. 2. There were clear differences in the acoustic wave patterns of "ㅉ(ts)", "ㅆ$({\varphi}^h)$" and "ㅊ$(c^h)$", all of which were in VCV-clusters. The acoustic wave pattern of "ㅉ(ts)", when pronounced by the treatment group, was stronger than the control group's. This phenomenon was most remarkable in the transitive section where the "ㅉ(ts)" sound flowed into the following vowel. When a preceding vowel shifted to the consonant "ㅆ$({\varphi}^h)$", the attack property of the appeared clearly in the acoustic waves of the treament group, while in the control group the starting point of consonart was indistinctive. Consonant duration for the treatment group was longer, and the appearance of a zero crossing point in the acoustic wave was more frequent. In the case of "ㅊ$(c^h)$", the treatment group produced a strong acoustic wave, and the property of aspiration was obvious in it. 3. When the treatment group pronounced "ㄷ(d)" and "ㅈ(dz)" in CV-pairs, the acoustic-wave was similar to that of aspirated "ㅌ$(t^h)$" and "ㅊ$(c^h)$". 4. The aspirated "ㅌ$(t^h)$" and "ㅊ$(c^h)$" pronounced by the treatment group showed the stronger airstream and acoustic wave form.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.103-117
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• 1999

This paper suggests that the onset-coda asymmetry found in languages like Korean and others should be dealt with in terms of one acoustic feature rather than other articulatory features, claiming that the acoustic feature involved here is [noise], i.e., 'aperiodic waveform energy'. It determines the structural well-formedness of the languages in question whether a coda ends in [noise] or not, regardless of the intensity, the frequency, and the time duration of the [noise]. Fricatives, affricates, aspirated stops, tense stops, and released stops are all disallowed in the coda position due to the acoustic feature [noise] they, commonly end with if they were, posited in the coda. The proposal implies that the three seemingly separate prohibitions of consonants in the coda position -- i) no fricatives/affricates, ii) no aspirated/tense stops, and iii) no released stops -- are directly correlated with each other. Incorporation of the one acoustic feature [noise] in the feature theory enables us to see that the aspects of onset-coda asymmetry are derived from one single source: ban, of [noise] in the coda.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.143-146
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• 2004

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the stem-final consonant clusters beginning with the liquid /ㄹ/ in Korean are realized in speech. Most scholars claim that the Korean stem-final consonant clusters are simplified and reduced to a stop consonant when pronounced. An attempt is made in this paper to verify the claim by conducting a series of listening tests and an acoustic analysis. The listening tests show that, contrary to the previous claims, some Koreans actually pronounce the stem-final consonant clusters as a whole. The result of the spectrographical study confirms our auditory observation. It has been found that the duration time taken by the stem-final consonant clusters is clearly longer when both consonants are pronounced than when only a liquid is pronounced. Similarly the vowel length of the previous syllable in the former is found to be longer in scale than the latter.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.213-223
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• 1997

This paper deals with a general review of Mieko S. Han, who made a significant contribution to the studies of Korean phonetics during the 1960' s and early 1970' s. As both a single and joint author, Dr. Han published important papers in both quantity and quality, which have been cited among Korean phoneticians until today. Before Dr. M. Han' s work, professor of USC in the department of East Asian Languages & Cultures, there were only a few phonetics-related publications in Korea, most of which are papers or books based on non-experimental traditional approach. It is known that there was coexistence between traditionalism and structuralism in the field of Korean linguistics. It was, however, fortunate that we had two important phoneticians (M. Han and Chin-W Kim) abroad at that time. Mieko Han' s concern was to investigate experimental characteristics of the system of Korean vowels and consonants using a Spectrograph, which was the single most important tool for analysing phonetic data at that time. Dr. Han conducted her experimental studies on Korean phonetics, mostly funded by the Office of Naval Research, in terms of duration, fundamental frequency, Voice Onset Time (VOT), intensity, and so on. This paper aims to re-appreciate Dr. Han's specific contribution to the study of Korean phonetics since she played an important role as a pioneer of early Korean phonetics. Further, it is highly recommended that Dr. Han's works can be extremely useful for a graduate student, who seriously would like to specialize in Korean phonetics in the first step.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.896-900
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• 2007

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the speech problems in benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) according to the seizure focus in EEG and semiology. Methods : Twenty three patients [right origin (13 patients) or left side (10 patients)] who met the BRE criteria by International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) were prospectively enrolled. We excluded the patients who had abnormal MRI or showed both side spikes in EEG. Computerized Speech Lab was used to assess the speech characteristics of the patients. Results : The error pattern of laryngeal articulation in BRE was exclusively substitution of stop consonants, these errors showed more frequent in the left group (16.0% vs 25.5%). Voice onset time (VOT) of stop consonants and Total duration (TD) of word in both groups were prolonged than normal control group, especially in left group (P<0.05). The first formant of vowel /o/ and second formant of /e/ were significantly decreased in left group (P<0.05). The right group scored wider on pitch range ($192.9{\pm}54.0Hz$) and energy range in spontaneous speech ($14.2{\pm}6.4db$) than the left group ($233.3{\pm}12.5Hz$, $19.4{\pm}9.3db$, respectively, P>0.05). Duration of counting (5 to 9) in left group slower than right group ($8.6{\pm}1.7$ vs $7.9{\pm}1.8sec$). Conclusion : Our data suggested that interictal spikes and seizures in either centrotemporal sides, especially left side group, may induce speech problems. We recommend the logopedic and phoniatric evaluations of speech in BRE patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.7
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• pp.95-102
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• 1998

This paper proposes a synchronization method of synthetic facial iamge sequences and synthetic speech. The LP-PSOLA synthesizes the speech for each demi-syllable. We provide the 3,040 demi-syllables for unlimited synthesis of the Korean speech. For synthesis of the Facial image sequences, the paper defines the total 11 fundermental patterns for the lip shapes of the Korean consonants and vowels. The fundermental lip shapes allow us to pronounce all Korean sentences. Image synthesis method assigns the fundermental lip shapes to the key frames according to the initial, the middle and the final sound of each syllable in korean input text. The method interpolates the naturally changing lip shapes in inbetween frames. The number of the inbetween frames is estimated from the duration time of each syllable of the synthetic speech. The estimation accomplishes synchronization of the facial image sequences and speech. In speech synthesis, disk memory is required to store 3,040 demi-syllable. In synthesis of the facial image sequences, however, the disk memory is required to store only one image, because all frames are synthesized from the neutral face. Above method realizes synchronization of system which can real the Korean sentences with the synthetic speech and the synthetic facial iage sequences.