• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.1090-1095
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• 2008

목적: 소아 간질 환자에서 장기적인 신장의 변화 및 그에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대해 연구하고자 하였다. 방법: 1996년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 부산대학병원 소아과에서 처음으로 간질 진단을 받은 577명 중 최소 3년 이상 항경련제를 복용한 148명(남아 82명, 여아 66명)을 대상으로 전향적 연구를 시행하였다. 항경련제 복용 시작부터 매년 신장 측정을 하였고 성별, 경련의 형태, 간질의 원인, 항경련제 복용 전 경련 횟수, 경련 조절, 단일 및 복합약물요법, 항경련제 복용 전 신장, 복용시작 나이, 복용 기간과 같은 인자들에 따라 복용 전과 최종 방문시의 신장의 변화를 SDS를 구하여 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 대상 환아의 항경련제 복용 시작 시 평균 연령은 6.69세였고, 평균 복용 기간은 5.76년이었다. 항경련제 복용 전의 평균 신장 SDS는 -0.059였고 복용 후에는 0.101이었다(P=0.09). 복용 전 경련 횟수가 1개월에 1회 미만인 군(P=0.09), 단일 약물군(P=0.06)에서는 신장 SDS가 증가하였으나 통계적인 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 또 복용 후에 경련 조절이 잘 되었던 군(P=0.04), 복용 전의 신장 SDS가 (-)인 군(P=0.001)과 복용 기간이 6년 미만인 군(P=0.02)에서는 신장의 SDS가 유의한 증가를 보였다. 그 외의 군에서는 항경련제 복용 전과 복용 후 평균 신장 SDS에 유의한 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 결론:정상 경구 식이를 하는 소아 간질 환자에서 항경련제 투여 후 신장 성장은 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하지 않았다. 하지만 경련 조절이 잘 되는 군과 항경련제 치료 기간이 짧았던 군에서 신장 성장이 유의하게 증가하였다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.165-168
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• 2010

Purpose: Pain or discomfort caused by foot diseases may lead to abnormal gait, resulting in decreased bone mineral density (BMD) of the affected lower limb. We analyzed the effect of foot affection to BMD and its clinical significance. Materials and Methods: Bilateral hip BMD was evaluated in 93 patients with unilateral chronic foot disease. To minimize statistical errors, we excluded patients with medical histories that had influence on BMD. Analysis was based on the results of BMD tests at the first visit. All patients denied past medical intervention for osteoporosis. The difference in density between bilateral limbs was determined by comparing BMDs of the neck, upper neck, trochanter and total area of hip. Results: Test results revealed the decrease of BMD in the lower limb with the affected foot, compared to the unaffected side. This decrease was significant in the area of the trochanter (p <0.05). There was no marked difference of BMD in relation with duration of affection, underlying disease or age. Pertaining the location of foot affection, the hindfoot group showed significant decrease in BMD compared to the forefoot group. The group with affection in bone and joint also showed a marked decrease in BMD compared to the soft tissue group (p <0.05). Conclusion: Pain and discomfort caused by chronic foot diseases can lead to a decrease in the BMD of the affected lower limb. This may increase the risk of complications such as osteoporotic fracture and muscular atrophy.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.242-252
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore self management of pain by folk remedies in patient with chronic arthritis. The participant of this study were 90 volunteers who were visit C hospital and who want to counsel with researcher for their pain control by convenient sampling method. The results of this study were summarized as follows : The subjects were the 90 patients who had been diagnosed rehumatoid arthritis(52.5%)and osteoarthritis(47.8). 93.3% of participants were women. Mean age of participants was 53.7 and duration of arthritis was 7 years. Mean pain score was 5.5cm. Eighty five kinds of folk remedies were used for pain management. The mean cost for folk remedies was 3,723,207 won and the patients with rheumatoid arthritis paid to folk remedies as much as 3 times. The perceived effect score of pain management by folk remedies was 2.932(the range of perceived effect score were 0-10cm). Percentage of discontinue to use folk remedies was 82.8% and the major reason of discontinue to use folk remedies was no effect to pain control(50.4%). Some participants(30.5%) were experienced side effect such as exacerbation of pain(50.5%). In conculusion, chronic arthritis patients have been experienced various kind of folk remedies for the management of their pain. But the effect of pain control was very low. The important weakness of folk remedies were economical waste and loss of opportunity to treatment for arthritis. The nurse who care for arthritis should be teach about weakness of folk remedies for their pain control to the patients with arthritis.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2019

사람의 눈을 통해 획득된 시각정보는 시각적 자극을 어떻게 보는지에 대한 많은 정보를 포함하고 있는데, 아이트래킹기술을 활용하면 소비자의 시각정보를 정량적 데이터로 획득하여 분석가능하다. 이러한 측정은 소비자가 무의식적으로 느끼게 되는 감성 측정이 가능하며, 시선추적을 통한 캐릭터의 탐색반응을 계량적으로 수치화하여 직접 수집할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 캐릭터의 관심영역(AOI)을 추적하여, 시선고정 도출 측정값 중 시선고정평균시간, 횟수, 시선방문평균시간, 횟수, 마지막으로 처음 시선고정이 일어난 평균시간을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 전체적으로 시선고정과 시선방문이 주로 이루어진 지점은 캐릭터의 몸매보다는 얼굴에서 많은 인지적 처리과정이 일어났으며 시각적 주의가 높게 나타났다. 또한 매력요소의 시각적 주의를 통해 매력요소가 캐릭터에 대한 선호도를 결정하는 중요한 요인으로 제시되고 있음을 검증할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구결과를 토대로 더 많은 캐릭터의 추가 연구가 수행되어 정량적 해석 방법이 제시된다면 캐릭터 개발의 기초자료로 그리고 캐릭터디자인 결정시 고려해야 할 요소로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate natural recovery of neurologic injury after minor dental surgery based on subjective neurologic evaluation. Materials and Methods: From December 2005 through July 2009, 30 patients from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were identified as having been treated with minor dental surgery. The patients were composed of 12 men and 18 women, with a mean age of 50.6 years. The median duration of this study was 62 weeks. Results: The patients were treated by implants (17 cases), tooth extractions (6 cases), bone grafts (4 cases), inferior alveolar nerve transpositions (2 cases) and periodontal surgery (1 case) prior to the occurrence of altered sensation. Areas of altered sensation after minor surgery included the lip (36.7%), chin (30.0%) and tooth (21.7%), and at final follow-up, there was no change of ranking. Altered sensations expressed by patients included numbness (33.3%), discomfort (22.9%), relieving sense (14.6%), tingling (14.6%) and itching (14.6%). There was no change of ranking of altered sensation at the last follow-up. Patients experienced the altered sensation always (47.8%), during tactile stimulation (26.1%), when chewing food (13.0%), and talking (13.0%). Mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was $3.43{\pm}2.84$ for pain and $6.64{\pm}2.72$ for paresthesia. VAS of pain was decreased significantly between the first visit and the end of follow-up, and paresthesia also showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Altered sensations may occur at any time after minor dental surgery, but we observed that natural recovery of altered sensation occurred as time went on.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Objectives: The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating applied occupational health teaching for final-year medical students at Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine. Methods: The study included all sixth grade medical students (n=293) during one academic year. Pre- and post-training tests were used to assess the magnitude of change in knowledge and attitude of students on occupational health, whereas the opinion of students on several aspects of the quality of teaching sessions were assessed by using post-training questionnaires. Results: Post-training tests revealed that the level of knowledge on all aspects of occupational health increased among medical students. An evaluation of the teaching sessions showed favorable results for the overall quality of the sessions: 81.3% of the students stated that the sessions were well organized, 81.7% remarked the workplace/factory visit was a valuable experience, and 91.0% stated feeling more competent on occupational health issues. Conclusion: There was a greater increase in students' knowledge on technical precautions than their knowledge on issues related to medical practice in the workplace. Visiting a workplace was found to contribute to the overall aim of knowledge and attitude change on occupational health issues. The scope of undergraduate medical education should be extended by improving occupational health education with respect to educational content, duration, and methods.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2007

Background: The diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is based on only clinical criteria. The purpose of this study was to estimate the clinical manifestations of TN patients treated at our pain clinic. Methods: A total of 341 patients with TN from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 was evaluated the intensity, site, and onset of pain, facial sensation, duration of pain attack, pain free interval, triggering factors, and effects of the previous treatments with TN specific questionnaire and interview at the first visit of our pain clinic. Results: About 80% of the patients were over 50 years of age and 256 (75%) patients were women. Average durations from first attack of their pain and from current pain attack were 7 years and 16 weeks, respectively. The two most frequently involved trigeminal nerve branches were maxillary (40%) and mandibular (39%) branches. Three quarters of the total patients experienced only paroxysmal pain that lasted less than one minute. About 90% of patients had pain free period at least one time. Most common triggering factors were chewing (88%), brushing teeth (82%), washing face (79%), and talking (70%). Only 16 patients (5%) had no previous treatment and the others had more than one treatment, such as medication (68%) and interventional procedures (35%). The most common reasons for early discontinuation of carbamazepine were dizziness, ataxia, and vomiting. Conclusions: TN has specific clinical features of pain, which should be considered at diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2013

Objectives : We investigated the long-term tolerability of escitalopram in Korean adolescents. Methods : The subjects were 37 adolescents, who had been diagnosed with depressive disorder in accordance to DSM-IV. Clinical effectiveness was assessed by Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale at the final follow-up visit. Tolerability was assessed through a medical record of the reason for discontinuation of escitalopram and documented adverse events. Results : The mean duration of treatment was $78.1{\pm}89.5$ days, and the mean dosage was $10.0{\pm}4.4$mg/day. Out of the total 37 patients, two (5%) patients sustained use of escitalopram. Twelve patients (32.4%) discontinued use of escitalopram due to target symptom remission, and 23 patients (61.9%) due to insufficient efficacy. Six patients (16.2%) had at least one documented adverse event. However, no suicidal ideation or self-injurious behavior was reported. Significant differences in clinical symptom improvement efficacy were seen between the patients who were receiving escitalopram for less than 8 weeks (4.3%, 1/13) and those for more than 8 weeks (92.9%, 13/14). There was no significant difference between the tolerability of monotherapy compared to the concomitant use group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that long-term use of escitalopram may result in superior efficacy than shortterm use, and is tolerable in Korean adolescents with depression.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.26.1-26.7
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• 2022

This study was aimed to evaluate the prophylactic anti-glaucoma effect of topical 5% betaxolol (BTX) and 2% dorzolamide (DRZ) on the second eye in dogs with unilateral primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Medical records of 60 dogs with unilateral PACG who received prophylactic anti-glaucoma eyedrops in the second eye, from 2016 to 2021, were reviewed. The prophylactic effects of BTX were maintained on 28/60 (46.7%) eyes until last visit and BTX failure was observed on median 510 (range, 53-1,927) days in 32/60 (53.3%) eyes. After DRZ instillation in BTX failure eyes, the prophylactic effects were extended at median 610 (range, 157-2,270) days in 21/32 (65.6%) eyes. DRZ failure eyes (17/21, 81.0%) eyes required chemical ablation or surgical intervention due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure. The duration of prophylactic effects was decreased with aging (R² = 0.334, p = 0.006). The predominant breeds were Shih-Tzu (41.9%) and American Cocker Spaniel (30.6%) with no significant differences in survival curves (p = 0.210). The average prophylactic effects of BTX persisted more than 1.5 year and could be selected the first prophylactic eye drop in unilateral PACG. Also, early surgical intervention should be considered in prophylactic medications failure cases.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate aggravating factors of intermittent locking among temporomandibular joint using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorder (DC/TMD) diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 35 patients with intermittent locking history but normal intra-articular findings between September 2012 and June 2015 in Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital. A standardized DC/TMD assessment was performed on subjects with MRI findings. Clinical findings were assessed on the basis of maximum mouth opening (active & passive), self-reported habits, patients' age, gender, systemic diseases at the initial visit. First, chi square test was used to examine differences with variables and then risk factors for intermittent locking were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Self-reported bruxism was strongly associated with intermittent locking history. Conclusions: The new DC/TMD protocol is intended for use within any clinical setting and supports the full range of diagnostic activities from screening to definitive evaluation and diagnosis. Self-reported sleep bruxism has been associated with a higher likelihood of intermittent locking. Comorbidity is therefore a factor that must be assessed. It is necessary to consider the amount of contact of the teeth and the duration.