• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.346-352
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• 2023

Background: A significant proportion of cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) patients require long-term ventilation, necessitating tracheostomy placement. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term postoperative outcomes and complications associated with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) in CSICU patients. Methods: All patients undergoing PDT after cardiac, thoracic, or vascular operations in the CSICU between January 1, 2013 and January 1, 2021 were identified. They were evaluated for mortality, decannulation time, and complications including bleeding, infection, and need for surgical intervention. Multivariable regression models were used to identify predictors of early decannulation and the complication rate. Results: Ninety-three patients were identified for this study (70 [75.3%] male and 23 [24.7%] female). Furthermore, 18.3% of patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 21.5% had history of stroke, 7.5% had end-stage renal disease, 33.3% had diabetes, and 59.1% were current smokers. The mean time from PDT to decannulation was 39 days. Roughly one-fifth (20.4%) of patients were on dual antiplatelet therapy and 81.7% had anticoagulation restarted 8 hours post-tracheostomy. Eight complications were noted, including 5 instances of bleeding requiring packing and 1 case of mediastinitis. There were no significant predictors of decannulation prior to discharge. Only COPD was identified as a negative predictor of decannulation at any point in time (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.95; p=0.04). Conclusion: Percutaneous tracheostomy is a safe and viable alternative to surgical tracheostomy in cardiac surgery ICU patients. Patients who undergo PDT have a relatively short duration of tracheostomy and do not have major post-procedural complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1985

A single aortic valve replacement using the lonescu-Shiley bovine pericardial xenograft valve was performed in 66 consecutive patients during the period from February, 1979 to June, 1984. They were 49 males and 17 females with ages ranging from 9 to 61 [mean, 31.113.1] years, and 9 of them were children younger than 15 years of age. Twenty-seven patients [40.9%] required the combined operative procedures to either other valvular lesions or congenital defects. There were 9 early deaths within 30 days of surgery [operative mortality rate, 13.6%] and 2 late deaths thereafter [late mortality rate, 3.0%; or 1.75%/patient-year]. The 57 early survivors were followed for a total duration of 114.2 patient-years [mean, 24.016.0 months]. Four patients experienced thromboembolic complication with no death [3.50%/patient-year]; one died from intracranial bleeding related to anticoagulation [0.88%/patient-year]; one recovered from prosthetic valve endocarditis [0.88%/patient-year]; and four developed aortic regurgitant murmur with none or minimal cardiac symptoms and they were classified into cases of tissue valve failure [3.50%/patient-year]. The actuarial survival rate was 82.34.7% at 6 years, and the actuarial probabilities of freedom from thromboembolism and valve failure were 93.33.9% and 89.15.8% at postoperative 6 years respectively Symptomatic improvement was excellent in most late survivors at the follow-up end with the mean of NYHA Classes of 1.040.19 while the one was 2.290.67 at the time of operation. Excluding the higher operative mortality rates, these clinical results are fully comparable with the ones of reports from the major institutions using the porcine aortic or the bovine pericardial tissue valves and warrants the continued use of the xenograft valve in the aortic position. The importance of more detailed preoperative evaluation of the myocardial function and the need of improved myocardial preservation during surgery for the improved early clinical results were discussed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2022

Background: The main cause of death in pulmonary embolism (PE) is right-heart failure due to acute pressure overload. In this sense, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) might be useful in maintaining hemodynamic stability and improving organ perfusion. Some previous studies have reported ECMO as a bridge to reperfusion therapy of PE. However, little is known about the patients that benefit from ECMO. Methods: Patients who underwent ECMO due to pulmonary thromboembolism at a single university-affiliated hospital between January 2010 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: During the study period, nine patients received ECMO in high-risk PE. The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 22-76 years), and six (66.7%) were male. All nine patients had cardiac arrests, of which three occurred outside the hospital. All the patients received mechanical support with veno-arterial ECMO, and the median ECMO duration was 1.1 days (range, 0.2-14.0 days). ECMO with anticoagulation alone was performed in six (66.7%), and ECMO with reperfusion therapy was done in three (33.3%). The 30-day mortality rate was 77.8%. The median time taken from the first cardiac arrest to initiation of ECMO was 31 minutes (range, 30-32 minutes) in survivors (n=2) and 65 minutes (range, 33-482 minutes) in non-survivors (n=7). Conclusion: High-risk PE with cardiac arrest has a high mortality rate despite aggressive management with ECMO and reperfusion therapy. Early decision to start ECMO and its rapid initiation might help save those with cardiac arrest in high-risk PE.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2014

목적: Nafamostat mesilate는 출혈성 경향이 있는 성인 환자에서 지속적 신대체 요법시 항응고제로 사용되고 있지만 소아에서의 경험은 잘 알려지지 않았다. 본 연구는 출혈 성향이 높은 소아에서 지속적 신대체 요법을 시행하는 경우에 항응고제로서 Nafamostat mesilate의 용량, 효과, 및 안전성에 대하여 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 방법: 2011년 1월부터 2013년 10월까지 최소 24시간이상 지속적신대체요법을 받은 40명의 소아환자들을 대상으로 하여 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 환자들은 출혈 위험군(그룹 1: 항응고제 사용 안함, 그룹 2: 항응고제로 Nafamostat mesilate 사용)과 출혈 위험이 없는 군(그룹 3: 항응고제로 헤파린 사용)으로 분류하였다. 결과: 40명의 환자 중에서 남아는 25명 여아는 15명 이었으며 평균 나이는 $8.2{\pm}6.6$세 이었다. 지속적신대체요법의 평균 시간은 13일 이었다. 평균 혈액 필터 수명은 그룹 1에서는 39.3시간 이었고, 그룹 3에서는 11.3시간이었다. 그룹 2에서는 Nafamostat mesilate 사용 전에는 7.5시간 이었으나 Nafamostat mesilate 사용 후에는 27.4시간으로 연장되었으며 통계학적으로 유의하였다(P=0.001). 평균 혈액 필터 수명은 Nafamostat mesilate을 사용한 그룹에서는 헤파린을 사용한 그룹보다 통계적으로 의미 있게 연장되었다(P=0.018). Nafamostat mesilate 사용한 군에서 의미있는 출혈이 동반되지는 않았다. 결론: Nafamostat mesilate은 출혈 성향이 높은 소아에서 지속적 신대체 요법을 시행하는 경우에 헤파린을 대체해서 사용될 수 있는 항응고제로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.480-486
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• 2009

배경: Fogarty 카테터는 원위부 동맥 색전을 제거하기 위하여 고안되었으며 1960년대 이래로 급성혈전색전의 치료에 획기적인 치료법이 되었다. 그러나 지난 30년동안 동맥폐쇄의 주원인이 심장에서 비롯하는 색전으로부터 죽상동맥경화증으로 변화하였으며 이런 맥락에서 단순 Fogarty 혈전색전제거술이 여전히 효과가 있는지 의문점이 생긴다. 대상 및 방법: 1990년 3월부터 2008년 8월까지 본원에서 Fogarty 혈전제거술을 시행한 156명을 대상으로 하였다. 환자를 혈전제거술만 시행한 79명(제 1 군)과 혈관우회수술을 같이 시행한 77명(제 2 군)으로 나누어 증상의 기간, 혈전의 원인, 응급실 내원 여부, 한방치료 및 오진경험, 동반질환, 주발생부위, 사망원인 등을 후향적으로 T 검증, 교차분석, 카이제곱 및 Kaplan-Meier을 이용하여 비교분석 비교하였다. 결과: 두군 모두 환자의 나이는 평균 64$\pm$10세로 비슷하였다. 제1군과 2군의 다리 통증 기간은 평균 12$\pm$4일 vs 71$\pm$14일(p=0.001), 응급실 내원한 경우는 50명(63%) vs 18명(23%) (p=0.005), 디스크로 오인하여 치료를 받거나 침을 맞은 경우가 20명(25%) vs 30명(39%), 내원전 항응고제 치료 받은 경우는 22명(28%) vs 11명(14%), 혈전원인은 심장질환 24명(30%) vs 6명(8%) (p=0.001), 동맥경화증 46예(58%) vs 67명(87%) (p=0.001), 외상 9명(11%) vs 6명(8%)이었다. 동반질환으로는 뇌졸증, 고혈압 당뇨가 주를 이루었으며(22$\sim$37%), 막힌 부위는 대부분 장골 및 대퇴동맥이었다 우회수술은 58명(75%)에서 대퇴-대퇴 및 대퇴-슬와동맥간 우회수술을 시행했다. 내막절제술은 각각 7명(9%) vs 18명(23%)에서 동반시술이 이루어졌다(p=0.012). 수술의 성공율은 27명(34%) vs 40명(52%) (p=0.019), 다시 막힌 경우는 37명(47%) vs 20명(26%) (p=0.000), 하지절단 4명(5%) vs 12명(16%) (p=0.012), 사망 10명(13%) vs 3명(4%) (p=0.044)으로 의의있는 차이를 보였다. 결론: 최근 급성동맥폐쇄증의 원인이 류마티스 심장질환에서 동맥경화성 질환으로 변화함으로서 단순한 Fogarty 혈전색전 제거술의 효과가 줄어들고 있어 이러한 단순 시술 대신에 부가적인 우회수술법이 고려되어야 할 것이다.