• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.325-328
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• 2008

In recent years, developments of light weight vehicle are one of the most important issues in automotive industry. It is important to know the variations of the mechanical properties in the hydro forming process for the safe and durable design purposes. Generally, tube hydroforming process consists of three main processes such as bending, preforming, and hydroforming. It means that the strain hardening histories of final products are nonlinear. In this study, strain hardening behavior during hydroforming has been investigated by hydroforming of engine cradle as a model process. The variation of mechanical properties such as local hardness and strength were used as an index of strain hardening during respective processes. The correlationship between strength and hardness obtained from tensile test has been equivalently converted into correlation between hardness and measured strain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.35-55
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• 2003

The purpose of the study is to get some pieces of prior information to eventually develop competitive swimming suit designs with Korean traditional images. The study has been accomplished in following steps. First, as theoretical research, the history of swimming suit design and the requirements in designing competitive swimming suits were studied. Second, as practical research, at first, the trend of the competitive swimming suit designs in the national swimming suit market was examined. And then. the questionnaire surveys of both professional and amateur swimmers about their design preferences with purchasing and fabric-related tendencies were conducted for understanding professionals' characters more exactly. This data were analyzed through cross-analysis and multi-response analysis and x 2 was used. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : First, athletes' preferential design tendency for the swimming suit designs were examined in the aspects of style, color, pattern, logo, and accessary. In style, female athletes preferred an athletic one-piece style and male ones preferred a brief style. In color. neutral, mostly black was preferred most and cold color group like dark blue and navy blue next, regardless of sex. In addition, they preferred similar color coordination. In pattern, though solid fabrics were mostly preferred in both sexes, especially Taeguk motive were considered the most appropriate pattern to show Korean image. Besides, logo was considered importantly, and swimming caps and goggles of accessaries were generally used. Second, athletes' swimming suit purchasing tendency was as a following. the number of swimming suits possessed was more than 4 pieces. the durable period was less than 3 months. and the most important point considered in purchasing was an easy fitting for men and a design with an easy fitting for women. And most of swimming athletes preferred foreign products than domestic ones, which was attributed to excellent quality, easy fitting, and good design. and so on. Third, in fabric-related tendency, food touch, easy fitting. and opaqueness were considered importantly. and durability to chlorine, elasticity, color fastness, easy draining, lightness, and so on were demanded forward.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.199-206
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• 2019

Experimental study on the durability characteristics to examine the feasibility of concrete with high water-tightness and self-healing performance to minimize maintenance of concrete for artificial ground is as follows. 1) When blending agent, swelling agents, and curing accelerator were added on the ternary system cement with blast-furnace slag fine particles and fly ash to give a self-healing property, higher blending strengths by 82% at design standard strength of 24MPa and by 74% at design strength of 30MPa, respectively could be obtained. 2) The permeability test for the specimens having high water-tightness and no shrinkage showed that the permeability was reduced at maximum of 98%. However, the permeability was decreased as the design strength was increased, showing the reduction rate of 87% at the design strength of 50MPa. 3) The depth of carbonation of blast-furnace slag and fly ash was increased in all the specimens compared with those of OPC only. However, as the material age was increased, carbonation penetration depth was decreased compared with the reference blend. 4) Compared with the reference blending using only OPC, the freeze-thaw resistance was higher in the case of blending with 40% of blast-furnace slag and 10% of fly ash at the design standard strength of 50MPa. In addition, the freeze-thaw resistance in general was superior in the design standard strength of 50MPa with the lower water-binder ratio (W/B) as compared with the design standard strength of 24MPa and 30MPa with the high water-binder ratios.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.349-353
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• 2007

The main functions of excavator are mainly carried out by excavator attachments such as arm and boom. These components should be designed to be light as well as durable enough because their effects on the whole structure are significant. In this paper, an optimization procedure for lightweight design considering fatigue strength for excavator attachments is presented. The weight of attachments and allowable fatigue stresses at critical areas are used as objective function and constraints, respectively, in which design variables are the thickness of the plates of attachments. The simulated annealing search method is adopted for a global optimization solution. Besides, the response surface method using the artificial neural network is used to simulate constraint function for the sake of practical fast calculation. Some example case of optimization is presented here for a sample excavator. This weight optimization is expected to contribute to a considerable improvement of fuel efficiency of excavator.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

The paper concerns concrete carbonation, the phenomena that occurs in every type of climate, especially in urban-industrial areas. In European Standards, including Eurocode (EC) for concrete structures the demanded durability of construction located in the conditions of the carbonation threat is mainly assured by the selection of suitable thickness of reinforcement cover. According to EC0 and EC2, the thickness of the cover in the particular class of exposure depends on the structural class/category and concrete compressive strength class which is determined by cement content and water-cement ratio (thus the quantitative composition) but it is not differentiated for various cements, nor additives (i.e., qualitative composition), nor technological types of concrete. As a consequence the selected thickness of concrete cover is in fact a far estimation - sometimes too exaggerated (too safe or too risky). The paper presents the elaborated "self-terminated carbonation model" that includes abovementioned factors and enables to indicate the maximal possible depth of carbonation. This is possible because presented model is a hyperbolic function of carbonation depth in time (the other models published in the literature use the parabolic function that theoretically assume the infinite increase of carbonation depth value). The paper discusses the presented model in comparison to other models published in the literature, moreover it contains the algorithm of concrete cover design with use of the model as well as an example of calculation of the cover thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2015

As riders do not sense damage to hub bearings due to the friction that occurs while riding, unexpected accidents can happen. Hub bearings can also be broken by cracks due to minor impact. Therefore, the vibration analysis of bike hub bearings is thought to be important. Two bike hub bearings were modelled in this study. The bolts at both ends of the bearings were fixed. The standard weight of a Korean man was assumed to be 70Kg, and a force of 700N was applied. As a result of this study, maximum deformations occurred in bolts at both ends of the central axis. Regarding displacement due to natural frequencies, Model 2 had less deformation than Model 1. Using the results of this study, the structural safety of the design of hub bearings can be estimated, and design plans for durable hub bearings can be suggested.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.143-161
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• 2016

Utilization of mineral and chemical admixtures in concrete technology has led to changes in the formulation and mix design in recent decades, which has, in turn, made the concrete stronger and more durable. Lightweight concrete is an excellent solution in terms of decreasing the dead load of the structure, while self-compacting concrete eases the pouring and removes the construction problems. Combining the advantages of lightweight concrete and self-compacting concrete is a new and interesting research topic. Considering its light weight of structure and ease of placement, self-compacting lightweight concrete may be the answer to the increasing construction requirements of slender and more heavily reinforced structural elements. Twenty one laboratory experimental investigations published on the mix proportion, density and mechanical properties of lightweight self-compacting concrete from the last 12 years are analyzed in this study. The collected information is used to investigate the mix proportions including the chemical and mineral admixtures, light weight and normal weight aggregates, fillers, cement and water. Analyzed results are presented in terms of statistical expressions. It is very helpful for future research to choose the proper components with different ratios and curing conditions to attain the desired concrete grade according to the planned application.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2013

The power transmission system has always been considered critical for a human powered boat(or water bike) since it first showed up at Human Powered Vessel Festival. Mechanical problems, such as abrasions and other damages of the gear system for the power transmission, lead to poor durability and low efficiency of a boat. This paper described mechanical problems and a design process of power transmission system and then suggested the method to solve the problems. It is selected a module and a type of gears that are structurally stable thus can transmit the power durable. Especially the lower gear box is applied to CRP(contra rotating propeller) system for improving the structural stability and the propeller efficiency as well. As the results, the upper and lower gear box are designed and manufactured. And from the trial test, it is confirmed that the power transmission system is reliable.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2016

We present the results of a study of a piezoelectric generator that generates electricity by the application of tension to an element. A device is named "EYE-type generator". The EYE-type generator consists of a rectangular ceramic and two elastic body plates that are attached to upper and lower surfaces of a ceramic. If tension is applied to both ends of the elastic body, that tension is transformed to pressure on the ceramic through a change in the form of the elastic body, causing a piezoelectric effect whereby electricity is generated by the ceramic. This generator is relatively durable because a forces are not applied directly to the ceramic. We examined dependencies of the generator's output characteristics on the size of the ceramic and elastic body. A resonance and output characteristics were analyzed by using a finite element method. The generator was fabricated based on results of the analysis, and this was attached to a frequency-controllable vibrator to measure the output characteristics. The measured results were compared with results of the simulation, and the results pointed to the practicality of the design.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.185-195
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• 2001

Latex Modified Concrete(LMC) has been widely used for the pavement of highway bridges over the past 35years around the world since it is more resistant to the intrusion of chloride ions, has higher tensile, compressive, and flexural strength, and has greater freeze-thaw resistance. However, in Korea, it has not been introduced to fields due to higher initial construction cost for its overlay compared with that of conventional pavement materials. Due to durable characteristics, it should be noted that the LMC may be more cost-effective than conventional pavements such as asphalt pavement, when life-cycle cost(LCC) concept is considered. The objective of this study is intended to suggest a practical LCC analysis model for pavement projects and to demonstrate relative cost-effectiveness of the LMC overlays in comparison with conventional pavement techniques. It may be stated that the procedure proposed in this study may be utilized for making optimal decision on cost-effective pavement design.