• 동북아문화연구
• /
• 제19권
• /
• pp.23-48
• /
• 2009

Duan Fang's doctrine of constitutional monarchy went forward from monarchy to constitutional government based on that an establishment of constitution political structure is superior to a arbitrary rule political structure. And Duan Fang's doctrine featured limitation of monarch's authority protection of subjects' rights. He thought constitution government should be based on the establishment of constitution preparation. He believed that China need to take merit equally in the process of establishment of constitution preparation. In spite of this flexible recognition, there was not enough consideration about an ideological, social and economical basis that can make possible constitutional government operation. He had understood constitutional government system from angle of monarch's safety and the wealth and power of nation. The view was that a responsible Cabinet was for monarch's safety and the nation assembly judicature local autonomous is a system for safety of nation showed us. In his opinion, neither main task of congress is legislation, cabinet nor is the high ranking executive agency, however, he expected to constitutionalism system to become a buffing role instead of monarch. A little pure and simple thinking that open nation assembly and execute constitutional monarchy could make China powerful and wealthy might reflected urgent situation at that time.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.231-249
• /
• 2004

This study analyzed the contents of the research papers concerning the common cold recorded in Chinese medical journal published over the period between 2000 and 2004. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn. 1. Among the clinical research papers, There are a lot of treatment papers of traditional chinese medicine in the method of treatment. There are a lot of papers about Feng-Re-Xing(風熱型) and Xu-Zheng-Xing(虛證型) in the Bian-Zheng-Lei-Xing(辨證類型) 2. "Zhong-Yi-Xu-Zheng-Bian-Zheng-Can-Kao-Biao-Zhun" ("中醫虛證辨證參考標準"), "Zhong-Yi-Nei-Ke-Wu-Ban-Jiao-Cai"("中醫內科五版敎材"), "Zhong-Hua-Ren-Min-Gong-He-Guo-Zhong-Yi-Yao-Hang-Ye-Biao-Zhun"("中華人民共和國醫藥行業標準"), "Gan-Mao-Zhen-Duan-Biao-Zhun"("感冒診斷漂準"), "Zhong-Yi-Bing-Zheng-Zhen-Duan-Liao-Xiao-Biao-Zhun"("中醫病證診斷療效標準"), "Quan-Guo-Gao-Deng-Yi-Xue-Yuan-Xiao-Zhong-Yi-Zhuan-Ye-Jiao-Cai"("全國高等醫藥院校中醫專業敎材") are used as the criterion for diagnosis in Chinese medicine. 3. It is mainly used "Zhong-Yi-Bing-Zheng-Zhen-Duan-Liao-Xiao-Biao-Zhun"("中醫病證診斷療效標準") as the criterion for treatment effect evaluation, and symptom of traditional chinese medicine, the frequency and the duration of common cold, measurement of immunologic function are used as assistant evaluation indicator. 4. The research papers reported that the use of prescriptions such as Chai-Qi-Fang-Jiao-Tang, Tui-Re-He-Ji(退熱合劑), Ti-Xu-Gan-Mao-He-Ji(體虛感冒合劑), Yu-Ping-Feng-San-He-Gui-Zhi-Tang(玉屛風散合桂枝湯), Chai-Guan-Jie-Re-Ke-Li(柴貫解熱顆粒), Hu-Qin-He-Ji(蒿芩合劑), Lian-Hua-Feng-Cha(蓮花峰茶), Kang-Gan-He-Ji(抗感合劑), Bing-Du-He-Ji(病毒合劑), Zhong-Gan-Ling-Pian(重感靈片) led to the high efficacy 5. The pharmacological research papers reported that Yu-Ping-Feng-San(玉屛風散) have influence on IgA, phagocytic function of macrophage, the total number of splenocyte and PEC.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.529-532
• /
• 2003

The potential physiological role and technological application of the premature termination of DNA polymerization through the off-switch of exo+ polymerases were studied using 3' phosphorothioate-modified or unmodified primers with single base mismatch distal to the 3' terminus. With exonuclease-digestible unmodified primers, a gradient premature termination of DNA polymerization was observed when amplified with exo+ polymerases. With 3' allele specific phosphorothioate-modified primers, an efficient off-switch effect occurred in the discrimination of a single nucleotide polymorphism when directly using genomic DNA. Clearly, the off-switch of exo+ polymerases is useful in biomedical research.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.1237-1242
• /
• 2009

Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) extracted from Citrus sinensis 'Jincheng' peel were characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Seven individual PMF were identified. 3, 3', 4', 5, 6, 7-hexamethoxyflavone (HEX), nobiletin (NOB), heptamethoxyflavone (HEP), 5-demethylnobiletin (DN), and tangeretin (TAN) were characterized through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in positive mode of protonated molecular ions $[M+H]^+$, the diagnostic fragment ions, together with the UV-Vis spectra and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) elution order from literature data. Sinensetin (SIN) and tetramethyl-O-scutellarein (SCU) were isolated and identified through their MS, $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and UV-Vis spectral studies. The levels of PMFs in peels from different cultivars of citrus fruits grown in China were determined for the first time. The results showed that C. aurantium 'Bitter orange' peel was the most promising variety for HEP. C. sinensis peel was a good source for SIN and SCU.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.521-536
• /
• 2019

Using magnetorheological (MR) dampers in multiswitch open-loop control mode has been shown to be cost-effective for cable vibration mitigation. In this paper, a method for analyzing the damping performance of taut cables incorporating MR dampers in open-loop control mode is developed considering the effects of damping coefficient, damper stiffness, damper mass, and stiffness of the damper support. Making use of a three-element model of MR dampers and complex modal analysis, both numerical and asymptotic solutions are obtained. An analytical expression is obtained from the asymptotic solution to evaluate the equivalent damping ratio of the cable-damper system in the open-loop control mode. The individual and combined effects of the damping coefficient, damper stiffness, damper mass and stiffness of damper support on vibration control effectiveness are investigated in detail. The main thrust of the present study is to derive a general formula explicitly relating the normalized system damping ratio and the normalized damper parameters in consideration of all concerned effects, which can be easily used for the design of MR dampers to achieve optimal open-loop vibration control of taut cables.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.451-459
• /
• 2021

The mechanical behaviors and chloride resistance performance of fiber reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) with hybrid polyethylene (PE) and steel fiber (in total 2% by volume) were investigated. Based on micro-mechanics and fracture mechanics, the reason why the tensile strain capacity of FRCC changed obviously was obtained. Besides, the effects of the total surface area of fiber in FRCC on compressive strength and chloride content were clarified. It is found that the improvement of the tensile strain capacity of FRCC with hybrid fiber is attributed to the growth of strain-hardening performance index (the ratio of complementary energy to crack tip toughness). As the total surface area of fiber related with the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between fiber and matrix increases, compressive strength decreases obviously. Since the total surface area of fiber is small, the chloride resistance performance of FRCC with hybrid PE and steel fiber is better than that of FRCC containing only PE fiber.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.1847-1850
• /
• 2013

We conducted a hospital case-control study by genotyping four potential functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess the association of Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F (XPF) with gastric cancer susceptibility, and role of XPF polymorphisms in combination with H.pylori infection in risk definition. A total of 331 patients with gastric cancer and 355 controls were collected. Four SNPs of XPF, rs180067, rs1799801, rs2276466 and rs744154, were genotyped by Taqman real-time PCR method with a 7900 HT sequence detector system. The gastric cancer patients were more likely to have smoking habit, a family history of cancer and H.pylori infection. We did not find any significant difference in the genotype distributions of XPF rs180067, rs1799801, rs2276466 and rs744154 between cases and controls. However, multivariate logistic analysis showed a non-significant decreased risk in patients carrying rs180067 G allele, rs1799801 T allele or rs2276466 T allele genotypes. A non-significant increased risk of gastric cancer was found in individuals carrying the rs744154 GG genotype. Stratification by H.pylori infection and smoking was not significantly different in polymorphisms of XPF rs180067, rs1799801, rs2276466 and rs744154. The four XPF SNPs did not show significant interaction with H.pylori infection and smoking status (P for interaction was 0.35 and 0.18, respectively). Our study indicated that polymorphisms in rs180067, rs1799801, rs2276466 and rs744154 may affect the risk of gastric cancer but further large sample size studies are needed to validate any association.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.6031-6034
• /
• 2013

This study describes recent trends in incidence, survival and prevalence of subgroups of esophageal and gastric cancer in Linzhou city between 2003 and 2009. Data of esophageal and gastric cancer for the period of interest were extracted from the Linzhou Cancer Registry. Using information on tumor morphology or anatomical site, data were divided into six groups; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, other and unspecified types of esophageal cancer, and cardia, non-cardia, and unspecified anatomical site of stomach cancer. Incidence, survival and prevalence rates for each of the six cancer groups were calculated. The majority of esophageal cancers were squamous cell carcinomas (82%). Cardiac cancer was the major gastric cancer group (64%). The incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer increased between 2003 and 2009. Both esophageal and gastric cancer had a higher incidence in males compared with females. Overall survival was poor in all sub-groups with 1 year survival ranging from 45.9 to 65.6% and 5 year survival ranging from 14.7 to 30.5%. Prevalence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer was high (accounting for 80% overall). An increased focus on prevention and early diagnosis, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac cancer, is required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.5149-5153
• /
• 2012

Introduction: This study assessed the relationship of E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression with the diagnosis of lung cancer with the aim of providing an auxiliary diagnostic method. Methods: Semi-quantitative nested RT-PCR and western blotting were applied to detect E-cadherin mRNA transcripts and protein, respectively, in 30 cases of diagnostic lung cancer, 30 cases of clinically suspected patients with lung cancer and 30 cases of other disease. Immunohistochemical staining was also used to detect E-cadherin. Results: Remarkably decreased levels of relative E-cadherin mRNA value and increased E-cadherin protein negativity were observed in probable lung cancer, when compared with possible lung cancer and others. With a threshold of 1.45, relative E-cadherin mRNA value showed a sensitivity of 90% and a specifity of 83% for the diagnosis of lung cancer. The combination of decreased relative E-cadherin mRNA value and negative E-cadherin protein increased the specificity and sensitivity. Conclusion: These data suggest that Chinese patients with diagnostic lung cancer have similar decreased levels of relative E-cadherin mRNA and E-cadherin protein value in the lung cancer tissues as in lung cancer patients in other countries. Measurement of relative E-cadherin mRNA and protein values in lung cancer tissues has potential for lung cancer diagnosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.2355-2362
• /
• 2012

The SH2B1 adaptor protein is recruited to multiple ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases that play important role in the physiologic and pathologic features of many cancers. The purpose of this study was to assess SH2B1 expression and to explore its contribution to the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: SH2B1 expression in 114 primary NSCLC tissue specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patients' outcome. Additionally, 15 paired NSCLC background tissues, 5 NSCLC cell lines and a normal HBE cell line were evaluated for SH2B1 expression by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, immunofluorescence being applied for the cell lines. Results: SH2B1 was found to be overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines. More importantly, high SH2B1 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade, tumor size, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence respectively. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high SH2B1 expression had both poorer disease-free survival and overall survival than other patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SH2B1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the SH2B1 protein may contribute to the malignant progression of NSCLC and could offer a novel prognostic indicator for patients with NSCLC.