• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.85-97
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of outside directors and CEO duality on acquisition strategies and performance of Korean firms in high-technology industry. Based on the resource dependence theory, we focused on the service and resource-dependence roles from board of directors in the process of decision-making of acquisition strategies. In addition, CEO opportunism behavior rises when CEO serves as chairperson of board and induces the negative effects on acquisition performance. Specifically, we investigated the interaction effects between outside directors ratio and CEO duality. For the period of 2004 to 2012, 246 acquisitions of Korean firms in high-technology industry were analyzed to test our intended hypotheses. Our results indicate that there exist positive relationship between outside director ratio and acquisition performance for Korean high-technology firms. Negative associations prevail between CEO duality and performance consequences of acquisitions. While outside director ratio has a positive effect on acquisition performance when there is a presence of CEO duality, negative effect prevail for outside director ratio on acquisition performance in the absence of CEO duality position to hold our interaction hypothesis. The favor of dual structure can be explained with implications referring to unity of command and strong leadership driven from CEO duality that enhances the resource dependence roles of board of directors in the context of high-technology industry acquisition behaviors rendered by Korean firms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2010

The evaluation of organic matters and nutrients removal was investigated for the synthetic wastewater and the high strength of dairy wastewater. Two different systems were performed for this research. System A composing of a single RBC with tapered aeration was fed with the synthetic wastewater for 74 days with 173L/day of influent, 200% of internal return and 100% of sludge return for the period 1 and 2. The feed conditions were maintained 346L/day of influent, 50% of internal return and sludge return for the period 3. The dairy wastewater was introduced to evaluate treatment efficiency for system B composing of dual RBCs and tapered aeration tanks for 50 days of experimental run time, in which hydraulic rates were maintained at the constant ratios of 346L/day, 50% of internal return and 50% of sludge return. The spiral string media made of nylon fibre was attached by Bacillus sp. in RBC for both systems. The specific area of string media was $1.4m^2$/m and biomass was maintained at the concentrations of 23g/m. The synthetic wastewater was supplied by 1,800mg/L of glucose, 500mg/L of $NH_4Cl$, and 500mg/L of $KH_2PO_4$ to system A. The dairy wastewater was supplied to system B from dairy production plant. The average influent concentrations were 1,334mg/L of BOD, 2,014mg/L of CODcr, 160mg/L of T-N, and 12mg/L of T-P in system A. The average influent concentrations of parameters were 1,006 mg/L for BOD, 1,875mg/L for $COD_{cr}$, 51.6mg/L for T-N and 8.9mg/L for T-P in system B. Results indicated that removal efficiencies of BOD and $COD_{cr}$ were more than 90% however, the removal efficiency of T-N was 87%, and that of T-P was 82% for system A. Removal efficiencies were 98.5% of BOD, 91.3% of nitrogen and 89% of phosphorus for system B. The removal efficiencies of organic matters, T-N and T-P were higher in system B than in system A. The effluent quality issued by the stringent national legislations for the discharge of the high strength of dairy products wastewater can be improved using sequential RBCsand tapered aeration reactors rather than a single RBC and tapered aeration reactors with Bacillus sp.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.892-900
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• 2010

Objectives : To save the lives of patients with cardiac arrests, CPR must be performed rapidly and precisely. Regarding its critical necessity, there is a growing tendency to encourage whomever witnesses the cardiac arrest to perform basic CPR. However, the attitude toward basic CPR nor its current state of education in Korean Oriental Medical arena, which is one of the dual axes unique to Korean medical system, are not known. This is a kind of pilot study to research attitudes toward and the educative effect of basic CPR among oriental medical doctors in Korea. Methods : We carried out surveys and tests targeting nineteen apprentice doctors working in Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, who were receiving training for 'AHA BLS course for healthcare providers', on the attitude toward and educative effect of basic CPR before and after the education. Results : The pre-educational survey showed that most of the participants felt the necessity to be trained in the BLS course, were not confident about performing CPR, and not well-acquainted with the whole process of performing CPR. After education, however, none of them responded with a lack of confidence to perform basic CPR, and the score of the confidence to perform basic CPR was significantly increased, too (from $2.05{\pm}0.71$ to $4.05{\pm}0.40$, n=19, p<0.001). Moreover, all of them answered they were satisfied with this BLS course, and it aroused their sense of responsibility as oriental medical doctors. All the participants passed the exam, and their average score for BLS scheme performance was $28.2{\pm}1.3$. Conclusions : It is necessary, in the future, to set up a management system for intensive, regular and continuous reeducation and expand the research on the perception and attitude targeting larger numbers and more multilevel groups of oriental medical doctors.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.335-355
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• 2009

We examined risk judgment and the accuracy of inference based on two kinds of probabilities in a Bayesian inference task: the death probability from a disease (base rates) and the probability of having a disease with positive results in the screening test (posterior probabilities). Risk information were presented in either a probability or a frequency format. In Study 1, we found a numerical format effect for both base rate and posterior probability. Participants rated information as riskier and inferred more accurately in the frequency condition than in the probability condition for both base rate and posterior probability. However, there was no frequency range effect, which suggested that the ranges of frequency format did not influence risk ratings. In order to find out how the analytic thought system influences risk ratings, we compared the ratings of a computation condition and those of a no-computation condition and still found the numerical format effect in computation condition. In Study 2, we examined the numerical format effect and frequency range effect in a high and a low probability condition and found the numerical format effect at each probability level. This result suggests that people feel riskier in the frequency format than in the probability format regardless of the base rates and the posterior probability. We also found a frequency range effect only for the low base rate condition. Our results were discussed in terms of the dual process theories.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.334-350
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• 2010

This study aims at investigating the possible effects on the tax accounting practices stemming from adopting the IFRS in financial reporting process. It also seeks for policy implications to help alleviate practical conflicts likely to arise from the inconsistencies between the existing tax law and the tax related IFRS provisions. The results of the survey analysis are summarized as follows: firstly, majority opinion is opposed to the fair value based revaluation of property assets as well as the application of immediate recognition of foreign currency translation gains/losses. It favors the existing provision on asset securitization which adopts sales transaction view. Secondly, most of the respondents oppose the proposed amendments which allows dual classification of lease contracts on the ground. Third, functional currency appears acceptable on a conceptual level, even though a deep concern is expressed regarding the practical feasibility of computing taxable income using financial statements translated on the basis of functional currency on a practical viewpoint. Fourth, many respondents support the existing convention of recognizing depreciation expenses for taxation purposes and are in favor of the separation of accounting and tax books on a long-term basis. Fifth, the majority opinion approves the maintenance of existing tax reconciliation system and the recognition of expenses related with the doubtful accounts on reporting basis. Finally, a concern is raised with regard to the added burden of practical job loads needed to comply with the proposed amendments.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.960-968
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• 2012

In this study, the measurement of physical properties of 3 different ethylene oxide adducted zwitterionic surfactants were measured such as critical micelle concentration, surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angle, viscosity and foam stability. Also, the dual function characteristics of the zwitterionic surfactants were investigated by determining an isoelectric point, which were obtained using zeta potential measurement and QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) experiments. The isoelectric point of the synthesized zwitterionic surfactant determined by zeta potential measurement was close to that obtained by QCM experiment and both results have shown almost the same trend as that determined by the frictional property measured using an automated mildness tester. In particular, it has been observed that all three surfactants used during this study provide better softening effect at a pH of neutral condition than at an acidic or an alkaline condition. This result indicates that the synthesized surfactants act as a cationic surfactant at a pH of neutral condition and thus provide good softening effect during a rinsing cycle in the detergency process.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.11 s.353
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• pp.83-89
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• 2006

This paper describes the design of I/Q channel 12bit Digital-to-Analog Converter(DAC) which shows the conversion rate of 120MHz and the power supply of 3.3V with 0.35um CMOS n-well 1-poly 4-metal process for advanced wireless transceiver. The proposed DAC utilizes 4-bit thermometer decoder with 3 stages for minimum glitch energy and linearity error. Also, using a optimized 4bit thermometer decoder for the decrement of the chip area. Integral nonlinearity(INL) of ${\pm}1.6LSB$ and differential nonlinearity(DNL) of ${\pm}1.3LSB$ have been measured. In single tone test, the ENOB of the proposed 12bit DAC is 10.5bit and SFDR of 73dB(@ Fs=120MHz, Fin=1MHz) is measured, respectively. Dual-tone test SFDR is 61 dB (@ Fs=100MHz, Fin=1.5MHz, 2MHz). Glitch energy of 31 pV.s is measured. The converter consumes a total of 105mW from 3.3-V power supply.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.54
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• pp.295-319
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• 2003

The study starts from the critical thought on why most of female-headed single-parent families are under poverty regardless of their hard working. The study is to explore the lives of low-income single-parent families as working poor and to develop comprehensive policies for them out of poverty and other social vulnerability, using the concept of social exclusion which has been broadly introduced in the field of social science. Specifically, the study aims to analyse the process of social exclusion of low-income single-parent households, by comparing the differential lives in the economic, social, political aspects among male-headed dual-parent household, female-headed single-parent household, and poor female-headed lone-parent household who is under the public poverty line. The study was based on the secondary data analysis. A total of 3182 samples(the first 2508, the second 235, and the third 439) were included. Using SAS 6.12, frequency, chi-square, means, and ANOVA were utilized for the statistical analysis. Results show that single mothers, on the whole, are vulnerable population in terms of employment, housing stability and income. Also, low-income households of single mothers are more negatively affected by the IMF economic crisis and carry more pessimism on their future. In comparison with male-headed households, single mothers have fewer support from social insurance as well as family resources and higher burdens of additional caring need for the old, the disabled, and the chronically ill. These findings identify the reality in which female-headed households with dependent children are exposed to the overall social vulnerability and thus are easily trapped into the social disadvantaged. finally, the study suggests the development of comprehensive policies and counter-measurements for low-income female-headed families to be the primary member in our society.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.471-483
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• 2013

Nighttime sea fog detection from satellite is very hard due to limitation in using visible channels. Currently, most widely used method for the detection is the Dual Channel Difference (DCD) method based on Brightness Temperature Difference between 3.7 and 11 ${\mu}m$ channel (BTD). However, this method have difficulty in distinguishing between fog and low cloud, and sometimes misjudges middle/high cloud as well as clear scene as fog. Using CALIPSO Lidar Profile measurements, we have analyzed the intrinsic problems in detecting nighttime sea fog from various satellite remote sensing algorithms and suggested the direction for the improvement of the algorithm. From the comparison with CALIPSO measurements for May-July in 2011, the DCD method excessively overestimates foggy pixels (2542 pixels). Among them, only 524 pixel are real foggy pixels, but 331 pixels and 1687 pixels are clear and other type of clouds, respectively. The 514 of real foggy pixels accounts for 70% of 749 foggy pixels identified by CALIPSO. Our proposed new algorithm detects foggy pixels by comparing the difference between cloud top temperature and underneath sea surface temperature from assimilated data along with the DCD method. We have used two types of cloud top temperature, which obtained from 11 ${\mu}m$ brightness temperature (B_S1) and operational COMS algorithm (B_S2). The detected foggy 1794 pixels from B_S1 and 1490 pixel from B_S2 are significantly reduced the overestimation detected by the DCD method. However, 477 and 446 pixels have been found to be real foggy pixels, 329 and 264 pixels be clear, and 989 and 780 pixels be other type of clouds, detected by B_S1 and B_S2 respectively. The analysis of the operational COMS fog detection algorithm reveals that the cloud screening process was strictly enforced, which resulted in underestimation of foggy pixel. The 538 of total detected foggy pixels obtain only 187 of real foggy pixels, but 61 of clear pixels and 290 of other type clouds. Our analysis suggests that there is no winner for nighttime sea fog detection algorithms, but loser because real foggy pixels are less than 30% among the foggy pixels declared by all algorithms. This overwhelming evidence reveals that current nighttime sea fog algorithms have provided a lot of misjudged information, which are mostly originated from difficulty in distinguishing between clear and cloudy scene as well as fog and other type clouds. Therefore, in-depth researches are urgently required to reduce the enormous error in nighttime sea fog detection from satellite.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2010

Plastid proteomics are essential organelles present in virtually all cells in plants and green algae. Plastids are responsible for the synthesis and storage of key molecules required for the basic architecture and functions of plant cells. The proteome of plastid, and in particular of chloroplast, have received significant amounts of attention in recent years. Various fractionation and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have been applied to catalogue the chloroplast proteome and its sub-organelles compartments. To better understanding the function of the lumenal sub-organelles within the thylakoid network, we have carried out a systematical analysis and identification of the lumenal proteins in the thylakoid of wheat by using Tricine-SDS-PAGE, and LTQ-ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry followed by SWISS-PROT database searching. We isolation and fractionation these membrane from fully developed wheat leaves using a combination of differential and gradient centrifugation couple to high speed ultra-centrifuge. After collecting all proteins to eliminate possible same proteins, we estimated that there are 407 different proteins including chloroplast, chloroplast stroma, lumenal, and thylakoid membrane proteins excluding 20 proteins, which were identified in nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria. A combination of these three programs (PSORT, TargetP, TMHMM, and TOPPRED) was found to provide a useful tool for evaluating chloroplast localization, transit peptide, transmembranes, and also could reveal possible alternative processing sites and dual targeting. Finally, we report also sub-cellular location specific protein interaction network using Cytoscape software, which provides further insight into the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis. The present work helps understanding photosynthesis process in wheat at the molecular level and provides a new overview of the biochemical machinery of the thylakoid in wheat.